2021考研英语(一)真题及答案解析

1、2021考研英语（一）真题及答案解析2021考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 1 ,homelessness has reached such proportions that local government

2、cantpossibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal governmentmust support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-costhousing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _7_ the figure may vary,

3、 analysts doagree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_8_. One of thefederal governments studies _9_ that the number of the homeless will reachnearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to _10_ this growing homeless population has becomeincreasingly difficult. _11_when

4、 homeless individuals manage to find a_12_ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, agood number still spend the bulk of each day_13_ the street. Part of theproblem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And asignificant number of the homeless have

5、 serious mental disorders. Many others,_14_not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday _15_ skillsneeded to turn their lives _16_. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesthat the situation will improve only when there are _17_ programs thataddress the many needs of the homeless. _18_ Edwa

6、rd Zlotkowski, director ofcommunity service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, _19_it, “There has tobe _20 _of programs. What we need is a deal.”1.AIndeed BLikewise CTherefore DFurthermore 2.Astand BcopeCapprove Dretain 3.Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward 4.Araise BaddCtake Dkeep5.Agenerally Balmost Chardly

7、Dnot 6.Acover Bchange CrangeDdiffer7.ANow that BAlthough CProvided DExcept that 8.AinflatingBexpanding Cincreasing Dextending 9.Apredicts Bdisplays CprovesDdiscovers 10.Aassist Btrack Csustain Ddismiss 11.AHenceBBut CEven DOnly12.Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse13.Asearching Bstrolling Ccrowding D

8、wandering 14.Awhen BonceCwhile Dwhereas15.Alife Bexistence Csurvival Dmaintenance 16.Aaround BoverCon Dup17.Acomplex Bcomprehensive Ccomplementary Dcompensating 18.ASoBSince CAs DThus19.Aputs Binterprets Cassumes Dmakes20.Asupervision Bmanipulation Cregulation DcoordinationDirections: Read the follo

9、wing four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazingmachine for homogenizing people. This is “the uniformity ofdress and discourse, and the casualn

10、ess and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture ofconsumption” launched by the department stores that offeredvast arrays of in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shopscatering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter

11、,regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public anddemocratic act.” The mass media, advertising and are other forces forhomogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not bealtogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the Nationa

12、lImmigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays isneither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the10 years prior to 1

13、890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices ofassimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of thefifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well”after ten years of residence.” The childr

14、en of immigrants tend to bebilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the originallanguage is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence thedescription of America as a for language. By 1996 immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6percent, hi

15、gher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third ofHispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-Americanwomen are married to non-Asians.R

16、odriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans ofsuperstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americansfear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune tothe nations assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seet

17、hing anger in America? Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewedagainst Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest adark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, 1) most probablymeans_. A. identifying B. assoc

18、iating C. assimilating D. monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19thcentury_. A. played a role in the spread of popular culture. B. becameintimate shops for common consumers. C. satisfied the needs of aknowledgeable elite.D. owed its emergence to the culture of consum

19、ption.23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _.A. are resistant to homogenization.B. exert a great influence on American culture. C. are hardly a threatto the common culture. D. constitute the majority of the population.24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Pa

20、ragraph 5?A. To prove their around the world. B. To reveal the publicsfear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is_. A. rewarding B. successful C

21、. fruitless D. harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-WilliamShakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostilebranches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superbproductions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Thea

22、tre on the Avon. Andthere are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to seethe plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage,Shakespeares birthplaceand the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue. They frankly dislike t

23、he RSCs actors, them with their longhair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all ironic whenyou consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor(with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come bybus-a

24、nd often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side-dont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find atheatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeingalong with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bringin much of

25、the towns revenue because they spend the night (some of them fouror five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseerscan take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk dont see itthis way and local council does not contributedirectly to the subsidy of the R

26、oyal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poortraditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wingor cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may besure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the BanquoBanqueting Room, and so

27、 forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Companyneeds a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years ina row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long andthis year theyll do better.) The reason,

28、of course, is that costs haverocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive awaythe young people who are Stratfords most attractive clientele. They comeentirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (thoughthey come

29、 from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans andsandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstonesoutside thetheatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for thesleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the fi

30、rst two paragraphs, we learn that_.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC s contribution to the towns revenue.B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage. C. the twobranches of the RSC are not on good terms. D. the townsfolk earn little fromtourism.27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 th

31、at_.A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately. B.the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers. C. the sightseers domore shopping than the playgoers.D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line

32、s Paragraph4), the author implies that_.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects. B. Stratford has longbeen in financial difficulties. C. the town is not really short of money.D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_.A. tic

33、ket prices can be raised to cover the spending. B. the company isfinancially ill-managed.C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable. D. the theatreattendance is on the rise.30. From the text we can conclude that the author_. A. is supportiveof both sides. B. favors the townsfolks view.

34、 C. takes a detachedattitude. D. is sympathetic to the RSC.Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strangehappened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller speciessurvived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quicklyhunted to ex

35、tinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fastthings are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheriesaround the world.

36、 Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular partsof the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to theirlatest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals thatkill and

37、 eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, ithas halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason forthis is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels c

38、an find theirprey using satellites and sonar, whichwere not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what isin the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past islikely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In theearly days, too, longli

39、nes would have been more saturated with fish. Someindividuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks wouldhave been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocksin the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fishwere lost to sharks

40、 after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, whichfuture management efforts must take into account. They believe the datasupport an idea current among marine biologists, that of

41、 the massive changeswhich have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only arelatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests thatthe maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes whenthe biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Mostfisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggestthat_. A. large animals were v