单词变形、词性转换一遍过 2022年中考英语考前练

1、02 单词变形、词性转换一通过2022年中考英语考前名师绝招词形变换是各地中考中的一个保留题型，它所涉及到的形式主要包括：名词的数与格；代词及其格（主 格、宾格、所有格）：数词的形式（基数词和序数词）：动词（单数第三人称、过去式、过去分词和现在分词）及 非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词和分词）；形容词，副词及其比较等级；反义词和同音异义词等。词形变换 题一般有三种出题形式：一种是按括号内的要求转换词形；一种是根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式 填空；还有一种是括号内给出汉语，要求根据句子意思及所给汉语提示，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。 第一种题型，即按括号内的要求变换词形比较简单，要做好它靠平时

2、多积累，强化记忆即可。第二、三种 题型较复杂，它涉及动词的时态、语态及各类词之间的相互转化等。解题技巧.通读全句，弄清句意；.弄清所给单词的词义、词性以及具体要求。.要考虑到该词所处的语境及其他词对它的限制:.注意单词拼写务必正确。单词变形、词性转换一、中考英语词形变换类型（前后缀）1 .动词t名词(l)v.+er(or/r)表示相应动作的人或者职业winwinnerplayplayerlistenlistenerloveloversleepsleepcrworkworkeractactordirectdirectordancedancerdesigndesignerreportreporte

3、rleadleaderownownerdrivedriverspeak 一 speakertraveltraveler/travellersingsingerwrite writerrunrunnerinventinventorvisitvisitordivediverexploreexplorerlight*fighterpaintpaintermanagemanagerinterviewinterviewer(2)v.+ing表示相应动作的名词swimswimming cookcooking drawdrawing h 汰 ehiking meetmeeting painWpainting

4、 readreading beginbcginning buildbuilding write 一 writing walkwalking skateskating skiskiing meanmeaning feel feeling(3)v.+tion/ation/sion 大多为抽象名词 operateoperation organizeorganization collectcollection communicatecommunication congratulatecongratulation directdirection donatedonationeducateeducatio

5、n introduceintroductioneducateeducation introduceintroductioninventinvention inviteinvitation celebratecelebration suggestsuggestion pollutepollution protect-protection actactionpronouncepronunciation connectconnection considerconsideration correctcorrectioncreatecreation describedescription examine

6、examination imagineimagination produceproduction competecompetition composecomposition decidedecision discussdiscussion expressexpression(4)v.+ment大多为抽象名词governgovernment developdevelopmentagree 一 agreement manage 一 management achieveachievementtreattreatmentenjoyenjoymentexciteexcitementimprove 一 i

7、 mprovementmovemovementpunishpunishmcnt(5)其他choosechoicediedeathmarrymarriageserveservicethinkThought weighweight actactressappearappearance succeedsuccessfail failurediscoverdiscovery2 .动词形容词(l)v.+ing/ed(d)+ ing修饰物，v+ed修饰人 exciteexciting/excitcd amaze amazing/amazed satisfy-satisfying/salisfied fri

8、ghtenfrighten ing/frightened interest interest! ng/interested relaxrelaxing/relaxcdboreboring/bored tiretiring/tired surprisesurprising/surprisedpleasepleasing/pleasedsafesafely(2)e.+tive(2)变 y 为 i+lyact-activeeasyeasilycreatecreativehappyhappilycomparecomparativeheavyheavily（3）其他luckyluckilywakeawa

9、keunluckyunluckilylivealivehealthyhealthilysleepasleep(3)去 e+ydie*dcad(im)possible(im)possibly3.形容词T副词probableprobably(l)adj.+lysimplesimplycarefulcarefullycomfortablecomfortablycheapcheaply4 .形容词t名词certaincertainly(l)adj. +nessbravebravelyhappyhappinessdifferent-differentlykindkindnessclear-clearly

10、sicksicknessbeautiful-beautifullysadsadnessbrightbrightlyshyshynesscorrectcorrectlyillillnessdeepdccply(2)adj. (-e)+(i)ty(y)finalfinallysafesafetypolitepolitelydifficultdifTicultyusualusuallyactiveactivitywidewidelycreativecreativityslow-+slowlypossiblepossibilityrecentrecentlyimpossibleimpossibilit

11、yregular-regularlyinternationalintemationalityquickquicklysocialsocialityelectricelectricity electricelectricity (3)adj.-t+cesilentsilenceconfidentconfidence patientpatience diflercntdifference important importance excellentexcellence absentabsence(4)其他weighweight high 一 height deepdepth true-*truth

12、youngyouth fbreignfbreigner strangestranger medicalmedicine free freedombasicbasis5 .名词一形容词(l)n. +y多为表示天气的名词snowsnowysunsunnycloudcloudy fogifbggy shineshiny rainrainy windwindytaste tastyhealth-healthynoisenoisyfiin 一 ftinnyluckluckysleep-sleepysaltsalty(2)n.+ful多为抽象意义的名词wonderwonderfulcolour/color

13、colourfiil/colorfulcheercheerfulsuccesssuccessfulpowerpowerfulpeacepeacefulcarecarefulhelphelpfilluseusefulharmharmfulmeaningmeaningfulbeautybeautifuljoyjoyfulpainpainfulpowerpowerfultruthtruthfillforceforcefulthankthankfulregretregretful(3)n. +alpersonpersonaltradition traditionalmusicmusicaleducat

14、ioneducationalculture 一 culturalnaturenaturalpracticepracticalcentrecentraltypetypicalsocietysocial(4)n.+less相应形容词的反义词carecarelesshopehopelesshelphelplessharmharmlesshomehomelessuseuselessmeaningmcaninglessendendless(5)n.+ly多为表示时间的名词daydailyweekweeklylovelovelyfriend friendly(6)n.+e(r)nn.+em,多为表示方位的

15、名词;n.+en,多为表示物质的名词northnorthemsouthsouthernwestwestemeasteastemwoodwoodengoldgolden(7)n.+ous多为抽象意义的名词humorhumorousdangerdangerouscouragecourageousfame famous(8)n.+ablevalue 一 valuablefashion fashionablecomfbrtcomfortable knowledgeknowledgeable reason-treasonablereusereusable(9)表示国家的名词变形容词America Ame

16、ricanBritainBritishChinChineseEnglandEnglishFrance FrenchJapanJapaneseGermanyGermanIndia IndianItaly-Italian(10)其他energyenergeticfoolfoolishprideproudhappyunhappyhungerhungrynecessaryunnecessary6 .名词一名词pleasantunpleasant(l)n.+istpopularunpopular表示相应的职业usualunusualsciencescientistluckyunluckyartartis

17、teasyuneasypianopianistcrowdeduncrowdedtour*touristexpectedunexpectedviolinviolinistbelievableunbelievable(2)n. +ian(2)加dis-变反义词表示相应的职业appeardisappearhistoryhistoriancoverdiscovermagicmagicianhonestdishonestmusicmusicianlikexiislikelibrary librarianagreedisagree(3)其他appointdisappointbirthbirthdaybcl

18、iefdisbelieffriend friendshipable*disableclass*classmate(3)加im-变反义词fann farmerpatientimpatient7.加前缀un,dis,im,in变反义词possibleimpossible(1)加un变反义词politeimpolitecomfortableuncomfortable(4)加in-变反义词ableunabledependentindependentfriendlyunfriendlyexpensiveinexpensivefair-unfaircorrectincorrectlikeunlike二、中

19、考英语词型变换汇总(语法)一、可数名词单数变复数类.规则变化：(1) 一般情况加girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days(2)以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾力口es,如：buses, boxes, watches, brushes(3)以。结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加s,有生命的名词多加(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i力口es,如:citycities, storystories(5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变 f 或 fe 为 v 加es。如：lea Jleaves, knifeknives, shelfshelves, wife wives

20、等。.不规则变化的名词要熟记：manmen, womanwomen, childchildren,foot feet, toothteeth, mousemice, peoplepcople,sheep sheep, ChineseChinese, Japanese Japanese, deerdeer 二、动词/名词变形容词类.在动词后加后缀ful如：care*carefiil , use*useful;thankthankful helphelpful;wonderwonderful, fbrgeWforgetful.在名词后加y如：lucklucky, cloudcloudy;windw

21、indy, rainrainy;sunsunny, snowsnowynoise-noisy, health-healthy.在名词后加-ly如：friendfriendly, lovelovely, daydaily.方位名词加-ern如：easteastern westwestemsouthsouthem, northnorthem 三、形容词加后缀变成名词.形容词加-ty变成名词如：safesafety, difficultdifficulty.形容词加-th变成名词如：truetruth, warrmwarmth, youngyouth四、形容词变副词类形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表

22、语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。. 一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，如：slowslowly, clearclearlyquickquickly, quietquietlycarefulcarefully sudden-suddenlyrealreally, politepolitelysafesafely, widewidely.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i加ly如：easyeasily, happyhappilyheavyheavily, luckyluckilybusybusily, angryangrily;.以元音字母+e结尾，去e加ly如：trueTruly.以辅音字

23、母加结尾，去e加y如：terrible一terribly possiblepossibly.形容词与副词同形如：fast-fast earlyearly, highhigh, hardhard.注意：hard作形容词时意思是”困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地。hardly是否 定副词，意思是“几乎不”。五、动词变名词类.动词加变成名词如： workworker farm* farmer teachteachersingsinger speakspeaker playplayerreadreader drivedriver writewriterrideridcr danceda

24、ncer run runnerwinwinner cookcooker travel traveler.动词加or变成名词如：visitvisitor, invent-inventor, conductconductor, act* actor六、基数词变序数词类：主要掌握好1一12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：onefirst twentytwentiethtwo second thirty thirtieththree-third forty fortiethfour fourth fifty fiftiethfive * fifth

25、 sixty -sixtiethsix sixth seventy seventiethseven一 seventh eighty eightietheight eighth ninety ninetiethnineninthten tentheleven eleventhtwelve twelfthtwenty-one twenty-firsttwenty-two * twenty-secondtwenty-three twenty-third七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成部分双音节词或以形容词加ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more, mos

26、t变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting more interesting, most interestingbeautiful more beautiful, 一 most beautifulslowly more slowly, most slowlyquickly more quickly, most quickly不规则变化：good-betterbest wellbetterbestmany more*most muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar*farthcr/further farthest/furthestill worse worstbad/

27、badly worse worstold older/elder oldest/eldest.原级：as+adj ./adv. + as .（肯定）”和一样”，not as / so+adj./adv.+as .（否定）”和不一样不如八、常见的反义词：.动词buy sell take bringremember - forget die livelove - hate rise fallask answer start finishmiss catch pull pushgo come end borrow.形容词little - much short - tall / longfree bu

28、sy full emptyfew many good 一 badwhite - black careful-carelessdead living cheap expensiveclean dirty easy difficultwet 一 dry same differentopen closed strong weaklight - heavy三、中考英语重要单词变形（音序）A列词形转化able adj.能够;有能力的ability n.能力：才能act n.扮演，表演active adj.积极的，主动的activity n.活动actor n.男演员actress n.女演员aged a

29、dj.上了年纪的；达到岁的age n.时代，年龄alive adj.活着的live v.生活，居住adv.现场America n.美国，美洲American adj.美国的；美洲的n.美国人amazing adj.令人惊讶的amazed adj.感到惊讶的amusement n.娱乐，消遣amusing adj.引起乐趣的,娱人的angry adj.生气的；愤怒的angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地apologize v. 道歉apology n,道歉appear v.出现disappear v.消失argue v.争论art n.艺术article n.art n.艺术article n.

30、文章artist n.艺术家，画家attract v.吸引attraction n,吸引；吸引力/物attractive adj.有吸引力的Australia n.澳大利亚Australian adj.澳大利亚的n.澳大利亚人B列词形转化beautiful adj.美丽的beautifully adv.美丽地begin (began, begun) v.开始，着手beginning n.开始，开端black adj.黑色的blackboard n.黑板Britain n.不列颠,英国British n.英国人adj.英国的bright adj.明亮的，聪明的brightly adv,明亮地bu

31、ild ( built, built) v.建造building n.建筑物，大楼rebuild v,重建business n.商业，生意businessman n.商人businesswoman n.女商人C列词形转化Canada n.加拿大Canadian adj.加拿大的n.加拿大人certain adj. 一定的，有把握的，某种 certainly adv. 一定，无疑，是的，当然 care v, / n.小心，关心，照顾careful adj.小心的，仔细的 carefully adv.小心地，仔细地 change v.改变,兑零钱 changeable adj.易变的，可变的 ex

32、change v.交流；交换 chemical adj.化学的chemistry n. 化学China n.中国Chinese n.中国人；汉语adj.中国的choice n.选择choose (chose, chosen) v. 选择city n.城市citizen n.市民class n.班级，(一节)课，等级classroom n.教室classmate n. 同学clear adj.清晰的，明亮的 clearly adv,清晰道，明亮地cloud n.云cloudy adj.多云的，阴天的collect v.收集，采集collection n.收集custom n,习惯，风俗 cust

33、omer n.顾客daily n.日报day daily n.日报day n.天，白天daytime n.白天danger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的dead adj.死的，无生命的die v.死death n.死亡dying a.垂死的decide v.决定，下定决心decision n.决心develop v.发展，开发.培养development n.发展difference n.区别different adj,不同的，差异的 difficult adj.困难的，艰难的 difficulty n.困难discuss v.讨论discussion n.讨论dishonest

34、 adj.不老实honest adj.诚实的honesty n.诚实dislike v.不喜欢like v.喜欢drive (drove, driven) v.驾驶，驱赶 driver n.驾驶员，司机E列词形转化easily adv,容易地easy adj.容易的education n.教育educational adj.教育的effect n.影响，效果effective adj.有效的，有作用的affect v.影响engine n.发动机engineer n.工程师England n.英格兰English n.英国；英国人；英语adj.英国的；英语的enjoy v.欣赏，享有，喜欢en

35、joyable adj.愉快的，欢乐的joy n.欢乐，高兴enter v.进入，参加entrance n.进入excited adj,兴奋的exciting adj.令人兴奋的expensive adj.昂贵的expense n.费用，花费v.向收取费用F列词形转化fair adj.公平的，合理的unfair adj.不公平的farm n.农场，农庄farmer n.农民，农夫favour n.恩惠favourite adj.最喜欢的female n.女性;雌性male n.男性；雄性final adj.最后的，最终的finally adv.最后，最终firen.活，火炉，火灾fireman

36、 n.消防队员fireworks n,烟fish n.鱼，鱼肉v.捕鱼fisherman n.渔夫fly (flew, flown) v.飞行.乘飞机旅游flight n.飞行，航班follow v.听从following adj.下列的fool v.愚弄，欺骗foolish adj.愚蠢的foot (pl. feet) n.脚，足；英尺football n.足球foreign n.外国的foreigner adj.夕卜国人forget (forgot, forgot/forgotten) v.忘t己forgetful adj.健忘的unforgettable adj.难忘的free adj.

37、自由的，空闲的,免费的freedom n.自由friend n.朋友friendly adj.友好的，朋友般的friendship n.友谊frighten v.使害怕frightened adj.受惊吓的frightening adj.令人害怕的fun n.乐趣，有趣，玩笑funny adj.滑稽的，可笑的G列词形转化gentle adj.温柔的gently adv.温柔地 gentleman n.绅士；先生German n.德国人；德语adj.德国的Germany n.德国gold n.黄金golden adj.金色的H列词形转化happy adj.幸福的；快乐的happily adv.幸

38、福地；快乐地harm n.有害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的heat n.热度，热量v.加热hot adj.热的heater n.取暖器health n.健康healthy adj.健康的unhealthy adv,不健康的 heavily adv.沉重地，大量地 heavy adj.重的height n.高度high adj.高的help n. / v.帮助helpful adj.有帮助的，有益的 historical adj.历史的，历史上 history n.历史home n.家homeless adj.无家可归的hungrily adv.饥饿地hungr

39、y adj.饥饿的hurry v.& n.赶紧，急忙I列词形转化ice n.冰ice cream n.冰激淋ill adj.有病的：不健康的illness n.病,疾病importance n.重要性 important adj.重要的 impossible adj.不可能的 possible adj.可能的possibly adv.可能地improve v.改善，改进prove v.证明interest n.兴趣，趣味 interested adj.感兴趣的 interesting adj.有趣的invent v.发明，创造invention n,发明，创造inventor n.发明家inv

40、itation n.邀请invite v.邀请Italy n.意大利Italian n.意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利的；意大利语地J列词形转化Japan n.日本Japanese n.日本人；日语adj.日本的K列词形转化kind adj.友好manage v.管理，处理，经营n.种，类manager n.经理kindness n.仁慈，好意medical adj.医学的，医疗的know (knew, known) v.知道，认识medicine n.药knowledge n.知识meet (met, met) v.碰见，迎接，满足L列词形转化meeting n.会，集会law n.法律

41、mix v.混合lawyer n.律师mixture n. 1 昆合物length n.长度motor n.马达long adj.长的motorcycle n.摩托车library n.图书室N列词形转化librarian n,图书管理员nation n.民族listen v.听，倾听national adj.民族的，国家的listening adj.收听的nationality n.国籍v.倾听(listen的现在分词)native adj.本土的，本国的locate v.确定.的地方，把设置在n.本地人，本国人location n.位子，场所nature n.大自然loud adj.响亮，

42、的次声的natural adj.大自然的，自然的loudly adv.大声地near prep.在附近；靠近love n.爱，喜欢adj.近的；附近的V.爱，喜欢nearby adj.& adv.附近的lovely adj.可爱，好看的,美好的nearly adv.几乎；差不多luck n.幸运need v.必须，需要luckily adv.幸运地，侥幸地necessary adj.必要的，必须的lucky adj.幸运的洁祥的unnecessary adj.不必要的unlucky adj.不吉祥的neighbour n.邻居unluckily adv.不幸地neighbourhood n.令

43、B接，邻近M列词形转换noise n.声音，噪音main adj.主要的noisy adj.嘈杂的，喧闹的mainly adv.主要地M列词形转化mouse n.老鼠mice n.老鼠O列词形转化once n. 一次one n. 一first num.第一operate v.施行手术，开刀operation n.手术organization n.组织，团体，机构 organize v.组织office n.办公室officer n.官员；办事员 official adj.官方的，官员的 n.官员own adj.自己的v.拥有n.属于自己的东西owner n.拥有者，物主P列词形转化paintv

44、.会，画n.涂料，颜料painter n.画家，painting n.画，油画，水彩画 passage n. 一节，一段，通道 passenger n.乘客，旅客 physical adj.物理的，身体的 physics n.物理学please y.（用于祈使语气）请 pleasant adj.令人愉快的 pleased adj.使人高兴的pleasure adj.愉快，高兴pollute v.污染，弄脏pollution n.污染possible adj.可能的；可能发生的possibly adv.可能；也许post v.邮寄postage n.邮费postcard n.明信片postman

45、 （postmen） n. 邮递员power n.电源，力量，能源v.提供动力powerful adj.强大的protect v.保护protection n.保护，防护professional adj.职业的，专业的professor n.（大学）教授。列词形转化quick adj.快的,迅速的quickly adv.快地,迅速地R列词形转化rain n.雨，雨水V.下雨rainy adj.有雨的，多雨的real adj.真的,真正的realize v.认识到，实现really adv.真正地，确实recitation n.背诵，朗诵recite v. 背诵recent adj.最近的，近来

46、的recently adv.最近，最新，近来scientist n.scientist n.科学家second num.第二，n.秒secondary adj.中等的，第二的secret n.秘密secretary n.秘书serious adj.严重的seriously adv,严重地serve v.为服务service n.服务，公用事业shop n.商店，店铺shopping n.购物short adj.短的，矮的shorts n.短裤sight n.风景点sightseeing n.观光，游览sit (sat, sat) v.坐seat n.位子sleep (slept, slept) v,睡觉，睡眠asleep adj.睡着的sleepy adj.困乏的slow adj.慢的slowly adv.慢地snow n.雪v.下雪snowy adj.多雪的，下雪的soft adj.软的softly adv.温柔地solution n.解决(方法)，解答solve v.解决，解答record n.记录,唱片，v.记录，讲(声音，景象等)录下recorder n. 录音机report n.报告，汇报，成绩单v.报告，汇报reporter n.记者retell v.复述tell (told, told ) v.告诉，讲述，吩咐revie