现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)

1、 just刚刚句中just刚刚句中e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.sofar到目前为止e.g.：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.howlong多久e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?never从不句中e.g.：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?howmanytimes多少次现在完成时讲解和练习现在完成时的构成:havehas+过去分词（过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化）现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一

2、般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?答复Yes,hehas.No,hehasnt.否认句Hehasnotfinishedthework.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?现在完成时的用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。结果：车子已在门口Someonehasbrokenthewindow有人把窗户打破了。结果：窗户仍破着表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括“现在”在内的一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词

3、howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了？在以下情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.yet已经否认句和疑问句句尾e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyoubough

4、tacomputeryet?ever曾经句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.e.g.：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?(2)两结构fortwomonthsfor+段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.（3）三词组havegoneto去了某地h

5、avegoneto去了某地e.g.：HehasgonetoBeijinghavebeento去过某地e.g.：HehasbeentoBeijing.（去了北京）表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”（去过北京）havevhasbeenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlonge.g.:Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生来北京已经有三天了如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书

6、吗？现在完成时态还常常用于以下句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.错因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的方法有五种：Hehasboughtthebook.（去掉一段时间

7、for3years）Heboughtthebook3yearsago（改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变）Its3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.改为固定句型ItissinceHehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.改为否认句Hehashadthebookfor3years.用延续性动词have代替buy还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种方法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/getto/reachfbeheree.g：Ihav

8、ecomeherefor3years.错come/arrive/getto/reachfbeheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.错leave/gofbeawaye.g.:Hehasleftfor3hours.错begin/startfbeone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.错openfbeopen/closefbeclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.（错）diefbedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.（错）finish/endfbeover例：Hehasfinis

9、hedtheworkfor3join例：改为b町/catchfhave改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.days.（错）改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3daysIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years.错e.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.错Hehascaughtacoldfo

10、r3days.错borrowfkeepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.错改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.leavebeawayborrowkeepbuyhavediebedeadbegin/startbeonfinishbeoverfallillbeillgetupbeupcatchacoldhav

11、eacoldputon-wearcome/become/gobeherefallasleepbeasleepgetto/arrive/reachbe（in）gettoknowknowjoinbeamemberof.（成为的一员）openbeopenclosebeclosebreakfbebrokengetupfbeupmarryfbemarriedbecomefbelosefbelost现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.强

12、调动作发生的时间是yesterday。haveseenthisfilm.强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago,lastweek/.In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday.Then那E时）,时）,thatday,oneday,once（从前）一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：havearrivedat/insw.gotto/e/gone/movedtosw.havebeeninsw./at.havecome/goneback/returnedhavecome/gon

13、eout4.havebecomeclosed/openedhavegotuphavedied；haveleftsw.f_10.havefinished/ended/completedf；havefallenasleep/gottosleepf；11.havemarriedf；二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Haveyoudoneyourhomework?(for,just,yet)IhavebeentoGuangdong.(for,never,yet)rHehasworkedthereheleftschool.(already,yet.Since,for)ShehasknownSam9years.

14、(already,yet.Since,for)Haveyouriddenahorse?(ever,for,yet)三、用for或since填空Myfamilyhasownedaship1920.2.Myfamilyhasownedashipmanyyears.havehadacoldlastMonday.4.Ihavehadacold5daysago.havehadacold5days.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空I(see)thefilm“ChickenRun”.Whereandwhenyou(see)it?Lastweek.Maryalready(have)hersupper.I(notw

15、ant)toseethefilm.I(see)itwithmyparents.We(see)itlastSunday.UncleWang(mend)theTVyet?Yes,he.Whenheit?Yesterday.you(read)todaysnewspaperyet?Theyalready(do)theirhomework.Buttheydontknowwhat(do)next.you(see)thefilmlastnight?No,I(see)itforseveraltimes.She(be)illforthreedays.Myfather(buy)abookformeyesterda

16、y.Healready(pay)fiftyyuanforit.She(notread)thisbookbefore.youever(travel)onatrainbefore?WeiHua(come)yet?Yes.She(come)already.She(come)justnow.Howlongyou(learn)English?Formorethantwoyears.They(live)inChinasincethey(move)toChina.Ialready(see)thefilm.I(see)itlastweek.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Ho

17、wlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.They(notarrive)yet.WhenIwasinprimaryschool,mymother(drive)metoschooleveryday.He(live)heresincehe(move)toHankou.五、单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhatshappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、HehasbeentoShanghai，hashe？A.alreadyD.still3、HaveyoumetMr

18、Li？A.justB.agoD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingwritingwritten5、Ourcountryalotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged；wellB.changed；goodC.haschanged；betterD.changed；better6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was；studyingB.will；studyC.has；studiedD.are；studying7、

19、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really？Whenthere？A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、you_yourhomeworkyet？Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did；do；finishedB.Have；done；

20、finishedC.Have；done；havefinishedD.will；do；finish11、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、Doyouknowhimwell？Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、Howlonghaveyouhere？Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup！Theplayfortenminutes.

21、A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisntintheoffice.she16、MissGreenisntintheoffice.shetothelibrary.goneB.wentgoD.hasbeen17、MyparentsShandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoA.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen

22、？18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom，？A.sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haventthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina？A.Howsoon，comesB.Howoften，gotC.Howlong，cameD.Howfar，arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity六、句型转换。1、He

23、neverbeenlate,?改成反意疑问句2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.对划线部分提问havetheybeenhere？3、Theoldmanlastyear.Heforayear.die动词填空4、MissGaoleftanhourago.同义句转换MissGao_anhourago.5、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.同义句HermotherthePartythreeyears6、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.=twoyears_theGreenfamilymov

24、edtoFrance.7、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.把两个句子合并成一个句子七、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了?.9.10.11.二、.5.三、.5.四.8.19.20.参考答案：havebeeninsw./at相应的介词havebeenbackhavebeenouthavebeenhavebeenclosed/openhavebeenuphavebeendeadhavebeenawayfromsw.haveb

25、eenasleephavebeenoverhavebeenmarriedyetneversinceforeversinceforSinceSinceForHaveseen,DidseeHashadDontwant,haveseen,sawHasmended,has.didmendHavereadHavedone,todoDidsee,haveseenHasbeenBought,haspaidHasntreadHavetravelledHascome,hascome,cameHaslived,movedHavelived,movedhaveseen,sawhavemadeHavestayedHa

26、ventarrivedDroveHavelearned五、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B.2、现在完成时常与already已经，just刚刚，正好ever曾经never从来，也不；从不before以前yet仍然等连用。故2应选B.TOC o 1-5 h z3、C4、现在完成时常与recently近来，sofar到目前为止，inthepast/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D.