02. 时态 自考补充语法 6

1、 表示时间的关键词是我们确定用何种时态的首要依据I By具体时间完成时态 如具体时间为现在时，则与现在完成时连用 如具体时间为过去时，则与过去完成时连用 如具体时间为将来时，则与将来完成时连用II ever since一般过去时动作/时间现在完成时III all the time 进行时态IV 过去的过去用过去完成时表示VI before, long before, for, insince +时间点 常与完成时态连用 时 态I. 进行时现在：just,now,at present,when/while,at the moment, still,Look!etc.过去：at 7 cclock

2、yesterday,while,at that time/moment,etc.时 态II. 完成时现在：already, all this while, as yet, before, by now, ever, for, how long, in/within/during/the past/last 2years, in recent years , just, long, never, now, once, presently/lately, several times, since, so far, this week, today, up to now/present, yet,

3、etc.过去：before/when/until+过去时间, by the time/by the end of, by then,already,ever,for,just, never,never when(+过去时间), since,yet,时 态III. 完成进行时现在：all morning,all the time,all these years,because 从句中, (ever)since,for, these days,recent years,how long, etc.过去：because 从句中,for +过去时间,since,etc. E X E R C I S E

4、The earth _ around the sun. A. move B. moves C. is moved D. moved2. Four plus three _ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. have equaled D. will equal3. The plane _ in an hour. A. leaved B.leaves C. has left D. was leaving4. School _ in early September. A. begin B. was beginning C. is beginning D. begins 5

5、. Call me as soon as you _ there. A. got B. is getting C. get D. will get6. Well go swimming if the weather _ good tomorrow. A. was B. is C. will be D. has been7. I cant do it unless my mother _. A. agrees B. agreed C. is agreeing D. will agree8. They _ Miss White will teach us English. A. says B. s

6、ay C. will say D. had said9. Barak _ me the Hedrens are moving from No.12. A. told B. will tell C. tell D. tells时 态一般现在时： (simple present)1真理，经常性、习惯性动作及现在状态 常和always, every weekend, never, occasionally, often, on Mondays, seldom, sometimes, twice a year, usually等状语连用。 还有报刊标题，舞台指导说明。2表示预先安排好将要发生的动作，多

7、见于行程安排 常用于begin, close, depart, finish, go, leave, open, start, stop等动词3代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句4表示已发生的动作，用于hear, learn, say, tell等动词时 态一般现在时： (simple present) I hope, I bet 等后that 从句中表将来时e.g. I hope the train isnt/wont be late. I bet it rains/will rain tomorrow.see (to it), look out, make sure, make certa

8、in, watch out take care, take notice, take the responsibility等后that分句中表将来时e.g. Will you see to it that Miss Smith gets/will get/can get all the help she needs.一般现在时表示现在进行时 e.g. Here comes the bus!E X E R C I S EOn July 26, he _ reinforcement projects and _ with people. A. visitedtalked B. visitstalk

9、s C. will visittalked D.visitstalks2. He _ the statement at a meeting with Ambassador Qin Huasun last Friday. A. made b. make C. makes D. will makeE X E R C I S E3. Arafat never _ before. A. smokes B. will smoke C. is smoking D. smoked4. Hilary usually _ her lessons in the sitting-room. A. preparing

10、 B. was preparing C. prepare D. prepared5. I missed that exciting game, because mother said I couldnt watch before my homework _. A. is finished B. was finished C. finishes D. is finishing6. Father promised to buy me a bike if he _ a raise. A. gets B. got C. is getting D. will get时 态一般过去时： (simple p

11、ast)1过去发生的动作或情况，常和表示过去时间点的时间状语连用2过去的习惯动作，常和never, often, usually等状语连用3在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时 时 态一般过去时： (simple past)- Did you want me?- Yes, I wondered if youd help me.用于委婉语气，仅限于 want，wonder，think，hope等少数动词Its time you had a holiday.I wish you lived closer to us.If only he didnt drive so fast!用于虚拟语气，多用

12、于表示主观设想的固定句型。E X E R C I S EThe Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars. A. are held B. were held C. had been held D. have been held2. She _ several wallets _ by pickpockets this year. A. has; lost B. had; lost C. ha

13、s; stolen D. has had; stolenE X E R C I S E3. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking4. The patient _ of a pain in his stomach since noon. A. complained B. has been complaining C. had

14、complained D. is complained5. We _ the matter but no decision _ about it. A. have considered, were made B. have been considering, is made C. have been considering, was made D. have been considering, has been made时 态现在完成时： (present perfect)用来表示一个反复进行的动作着重表示动作的结果和完成 （可用于不定式中和情态动词后）现在完成进行时： (present pe

15、rfect progressive)强调动作的延续性强调动作已持续一段时间并将延续下去或说明动作到目前为止一直在进行时 态现在完成时： (present perfect)“已完成”：动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，（常指最近的过去时间），现在已经完成了，并与现在的情况有联系。通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。e.g. Hes turned off the light.“未完成”：动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。e.g. Hes lived here since 1960.时 态现在完成进行时： (present

16、 perfect progressive)有时可以互换使用，含义无甚差别。e.g. Weve been living here for ten years. Weve lived here for ten years.由于现在完成进行时还具有进行时的持续性、暂时性、和未完成性的特点，有时又不可互换使用，含义不同。e.g. Whos been eating my dinner? Whos eaten my dinner? E X E R C I S EBefore the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all pla

17、nes to land for refueling. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been2. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hadnt heard D. hasnt heard E X E R C I S E3. The lecture was very boring and many people began to leave early. By the end, most

18、 people _. A. had already been leaving B. had already left C. were already leaving D. were already left4. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 5. I was hungry. I _ nothing all day. A. had eaten B. ate C. had been eating D.

19、 have eatenE X E R C I S E6. We _ that we would be able to leave tomorrow. But its beginning to look difficult. A. have hoped B. had hoped C. would hope D. should hope7. I _ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. A. mean B. have meant C. meant D. had meantE X E R C I S E8. -What happened?

20、-We _ for an hour when the bus finally come. A. waited B. have waited C. have been waiting D. had been waiting9. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _ for. A. be demonstrating B. demonstrate C. had been demonstrating D. have dimonstrated时 态过去完成时： (past perfe

21、ct) 过去完成时主要表示相对于过去某个时间或动作之前已完成或发生的动作或状态。常和after, before, by, until 等引导的时间状语连用。当动词的过去完成时用于expect,hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, think, want等动词，表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。过去完成进行时：(past perfect progressive)过去完成进行时表示过去某时刻前已发生并一直延续到这一过去时刻的动作。和过去完成时一样，是一个相对的时态，上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去时间。时 态过去完成时：(past perfect)用于表示与

22、过去事实相反的主观设想：If he had walked faster yesterday morning, everything would have been all right.I felt as if I had known her all my life.I would rather you had told her the truth last night.用于expect, think, intend,mean,want, suppose等动词表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、或意图。I had expected to tell you the truth, but you were

23、 not there. had intended/meant had planned/wished d have liked/loved E X E R C I S EWhile people may refer to television for up-to-the minute news,it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced2. I hope the train _ late. A. isnt B.

24、wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been3. I bet it _ tomorrow. A. rained B. is raining C. rained D. rainsE X E R C I S E4. Will you see to it that Miss Smith _ all the help she needs? A. gets B. would get C. got D. get5. As automation increases, the problems of unemployment will become more serious unless

25、 more men and women _ the training necessary for white-collar positions. A. have been given B. will be given C. are given D. would be given6. She will come to call on you the moment she _ her work. A. has finished B. had finished C. finished D. will finishE X E R C I S E7. I decided to go the librar

26、y as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. have finished8. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A. is to be B. can be C. will be D. has been时 态一般将来时：结果状语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句1一般将来时主要用来表示将来发生的动作或未来的倾向2. 将来时间可以用一般现在时来表示：

27、I 在I hope , I bet等后面的 that 从句中可用一般现在时来表示将来时间 II 在表示“要注意使”，“务必使”，“保证使”等含义的see (to it), make sure, make certain, take care, take notice, take the responsibility, look out, watch out 等结构后面that分句中常用一般现在时表示将来时间 III 在时间或条件状语从句中，一般将来时用一般现在时表示，现在将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。同样地，在时间或条件状语从句中，过去将来时用一般过去时表示，过去将来完成时则由过去完成时表示E

28、 X E R C I S EThe peasants were sure that they _ another bumper harvest that year. A. will have B. had C. would have D. was having2. The students _ play table tennis that afternoon. A. are going to B. were going to C. will D. had3. Last Sunday we _ go for a picnic but it rained. A. will B. are to C.

29、 were going to D. shall4. As I _ the next day, I went to bed early on Thursday evening. A. left B. was to leave C. will leave D. had leftE X E R C I S E5. I _ the next day. A. was to have left B. will leave C. dont leave D. am leaving6. I felt (that) something terrible _. A. will happen B. happens C

30、. has happened D. was about to happen7. The holidays _ when it rained. A. were about to start B. start C. are starting D. have started时 态过去将来时：1过去将来时的用法多见于宾语从句间接引语2用was/were going to do表示的过去将来时间的动作或时态，也可以是没有实现的3表示按计划、安排将发生的过去将来的动作，我们也可用was/were to do表示4. 如果过去将来的计划和安排没有实现，也可用was/were to have done表示 5

31、. was/were about to do结构，表示最近的过去将来时间E X E R C I S EThe conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. will have lasted B. must have lasted C. would last D. has lasted2. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C.

32、 will be risen D. has been rising3. By February next year I _ on this job for five years. A. shall be here B. must have been here C. have been here D. shall have been here4. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath by then. A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. may have5. On her next anni

33、versary she _ married for 25 years. A. will be B. will have been C. has been D. is being6. They _ the bridge in two months time. A. have finished B. finish C. will have finished D. are finishing7. We hope the film _ when we reach the cinema. A. will not start B. will not be starting C. didnt start D

34、. will not have started时 态将来完成时：将来完成时主要表示将来某个时刻之前业已完成的动作或一直持续的状态。将来完成时必须有一个时间状语。常用的有：by + 具体时间；this time +具体时间；in + 一段时间；以及由by the time, before, when 等引导的副词从句。 Q U I Z 1. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars.

35、A. are held B. were held C. had been held D. have been held2. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking3. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to

36、land for refueling. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. would have been4. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hadnt heard D. hasnt heard Q U I Z 5. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just h

37、ad D. had just had 6. While people may refer to television for up-to-the minute news,it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replacedQ U I Z 7. I decided to go the library as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. finishes B. finished C. wi

38、ll finish D. have finished8. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. will have lasted B. must have lasted C. would last D. has lastedQ U I Z 9. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be risen

39、 D. has been rising10. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath by then. A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. may haveQ U I Z Keys:1. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars. A. are held B. were held

40、C. had been held D. have been held2. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking3. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A. wo

41、uld be B. has been C. had been D. would have been4. Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt been hearing C. hadnt heard D. hasnt heard5. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had Keys:6. While p

42、eople may refer to television for up-to-the minute news,it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely. A. will replace B. have replaced C. replace D. replaced7. I decided to go the library as soon as I _ what I was doing. A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. have finished8. The conf

43、erence _ a full week by the time it ends. A. will have lasted B. must have lasted C. would last D. has lasted9. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be risen D. has been rising10. Pick me up at 8 oclock

44、. I _ my bath by then. A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. may haveE X E R C I S EIts the third time I _ this particular aspect of grammar. A. explain B. explained C. have explained D. will explain2. That was the first time the old lady _ her sufferings to others. S. was telling B.

45、 had told C. tell D. told3. Dont worry, itll be a bit difficult the first time you _ the children. Soon youll find it much easier. A. will teach B. have taught C. teach D. taught4. Its about time I _ something about home-decorating. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. should learn时 态 惯用句型是我们判断用何种

46、时态的重要依据I It is / was/ will be the first time + that-clause 当主句动词为is/will be 时，that-分句动词一律用现在完成时have done 当主句动词为was时，that-分句动词通常用过去完成时had done 1名词短语the first (second,etc.) time 作从属连词引导时间状语从句 2It is time that的that从句谓语动词要用一般过去时表示 虚拟语气形式E X E R C I S ENow he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It

47、is one of the ugliest faces I _. A. saw B.see C. had seen D. have ever seen2. In 1997, she was the largest ship that _. A. had ever been built B. has ever built C. has ever been built D. was ever built时 态 惯用句型是我们判断用何种时态的重要依据II 含有ever的现在完成时或过去完成时，经常放在形容词最高级后,说明最高级比较范围,表示“所见过/听过的最” 现在完成时have done表示迄今为止的经历 过去完成时had done表示到过去某时间为止的所有经历时 态 惯用句型是我们判断用何种时态的重要依据 III had hardly/scarcely done when/before did