高二英语必掌握知识点总结

1、 高二英语必掌握知识点总结高二英语必把握学问点总结1 一、不定式做主语： 1、不定式做主语一般表示详细的某次动作。=动名词doing 表示习惯的，常常的动作。 e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult. To do such things is foolish. To see is to believe. (对等) 注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+o

2、f sb. to do (2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary (3) it is +a +名词+ to do. It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to do It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience

3、to do It requires courage / patience / hard work to do _留意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语， 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。 It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错) It is possible for him to come to the meeting. It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting. 二、不定式做表语 主语是以

4、aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。 eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 三 、动词不定式作宾语 以不定式结构为宾语的动词有

5、： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语 口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词) 想要学习 早准备( want learn plan) 快预备 有盼望( prepare hope wish expect) 同意否 供选择(agree offer choose) 打算了 已答应(decide be determined promise) 尽

6、力去 着手做(manage undertake) 别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend) 失败不是属于你(fail) e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen. We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself. _留意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有 stop go on remember forget regret try mean cant help be used to 高二英语必把握学问点总结2 1.倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主

7、语在谓语动词的前面。 假如把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。 2. 倒装句的构成 a) 完全倒装 将（句子）的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。 Are you from here? 你是本地人吗? Now comes the chance. 机会来了。 b) 部分倒装 只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如： Has he come? 他来了吗? Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒适。 Only in this way can we do the wo

8、rk better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。 3. 倒装的缘由 a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如： Did you attend the meeting? 你参与会议了吗? Long live peace! 和平万岁! b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如： Such were his last words. 他最终的话就是这样。 c)强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如： Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有许多困难。

9、Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。 4. 倒装句的基本用法 a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特别疑问句外)： When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒? Have you seen the film? 你看了那部_吗? b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中: Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。 Here comes

10、our teacher! 我们的老师来了! c) 副词only+状语放在句首时: Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才熟悉到自己的错误。 Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种（方法）你才能学好数学。 d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no soonerthan等)放在句首时: Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 Not unti

11、l New Years Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到（元旦）那天才能给你礼物。 Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。 e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首: He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感爱好，我也如此。 He hasnt been to the countr

12、yside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首: Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 2. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如： He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看_了，我也去了

13、。 如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。例如： His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看_，他就去了。 “He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “的确如此。” 3. 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如： No matter how interesting the book is，he doesnt like to read it.不管这本书多好玩，他都不想看。 However hard a solid

14、 may be，we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以转变其外形。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道许多东西。 4. 在虚拟语气中，假如非真实条件句省略if，须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如： Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些，他就会去学溜冰。 Should they forget (= If they should forget) to brin

15、g a map with them, they would get lost in the woods 假如他们遗忘带一张地图的话，他们就会在深林里迷路。 Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldnt have refused to accept it. 假如他们熟悉到这个任务是多么重要的话，他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。 高二英语必把握学问点总结3 1.非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。 2.非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。 3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式

16、。 4.不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。 5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区分是考查的（热点）。 6.过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。 7.不定式标志to和介词to的用法推断等。 8.带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区分。 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 英语句子至少应当包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数状况下谓语都由动词来充当。假如对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确推断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如： 1. The children (play) _

17、 the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 依据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简洁句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play明显在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的规律主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以推断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。 考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析 作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分

18、词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和缘由状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、缘由、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的规律主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的规律主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题： 1._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) T

19、o get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的状况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简洁句，非谓语动词（短语）放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其规律主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后挨次，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作缘由状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。 考点三、考查非谓语动词规律主语的辨别 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍旧有自己规律上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确辨别非谓

20、语动词的规律主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特殊是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的规律主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的规律主语不是句子的主语时，又会消失什么现象呢?请看下面例题： 1. The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home. 2. Weather (permit)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 这两个非谓语动词短语的规律主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的规律主语，即“是 末班车开走了，而不是我们走了”,“是天气允许

21、,而不是飞船允许”，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其规律主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。 高二英语必把握学问点总结3 Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known for their expertise, his parents company . Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Exhausted, I slid i

22、nto the bed and fell fast asleep. 过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或状况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。 Heated , water changes into steam . The professor came in, followed by a group of young people . 1 作缘由状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句 Moved by what she said ,we couldnt help cr

23、ying . = ( As we are moved by what she said 2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，假如分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。 When heated , water can be changed into steam . Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill 3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句 Given more

24、 attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention . Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you 4 作方式或伴随状语 The actress came in , followed by her fans . She sat by the window , lost in thought . 5 作让步状语 Much tired ,he

25、still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he . 6 独立主格结构： 当分词的规律主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的规律主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随状况。 The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat . All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers . Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : Unite

26、d we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall. 1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. Because he was well known for his

27、expert advice, 3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, 4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, 5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, 6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home, 现在分词与过去分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，与其规律主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其规律主语之间则表示被动