词汇团1120学习汇总文本周五初级阅读

1、周五初级阅读：导语：文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁家从文章中可以学到不少环保的知识。的行为。文章不难，大If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instea d, we are diurnal creatur

2、es, with eyes adapted to living in the suns light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us dont think of ou rselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve doneto the night: weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of

3、engineering come with consequen-called light pollution - whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upwardo the sky. III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night

4、and compley changes the light levels - and light rhythms - to which many forms of life, including, ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spillso the natural world, some aspector life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as g behind a vacanze (霾)n so used to this orange hazethough it has

5、been emptied of stars, leavin t mirrors our fear of the dark. Weve growt the originalof an unlit night, - don Earth, is wholly beyoark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadownd our experience, beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupiedcountry, when nothing could be fu

6、rther from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is aerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is soerfult scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights onland or by the light from ga

7、s flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levelst areas much as a million times rightern normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joincluding most other cr

8、eatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to ourernal clockwork, as light itself.Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of dayand night. In a very real sense

9、light pollution causes us to lose sight of o ur true place in the universe, to fet the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimens of a deep night with the MilkyWaythe edge of our galaxy arching overhead.1.A.B.C.D.According to the passage, human being .prefer to livehe darknessare

10、used to living in the day light were curious about the midnight worldhad to stay at home with the light of the moon2.A.B.C.D.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?The night. The moon The skyThe planet3.A.B.C.D.The writer mentions birds andto .provide exles of animal protectionshow how l

11、ight pollution affects animals compare the living habits of both speciesexplain why the number of certain species has declined4.A.B.C.D.It is impd in the last paragrapht .light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animalslight pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages human beings cannot

12、 go to the outer spacehuman beings should reflect on theirition in the universe5.A.B.What might be the best title for the passage?Thelight.The Orange Haze.C. The Disappearing Night.D. The Rhythms of Nature.【必背词汇1. darkness】darkness 指的是“”，darkness 还含有“阴郁；模糊；无知”的意思。例如：Att instant the museum was pgedo

13、total darkness. 就在那时，博物馆陷入了一片漆黑。又如：The baby was filled with alarm at the darkness and the noise. 在和嘈杂中，婴儿饱受惊吓。2. artifil在本文中 artifil 表示“人造的”，artifil, false, synthetic, man-made 这些形容词均有人造的，非自然的之意。artifil：指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西，侧重真伪对比。false：指因缺失而补上的替代物，有时也指的。synthetic：synthetic 与 artifil 近义，但前者强调通过化学作用或化学处理把

14、几种物质成与原材料截然不同的新产品。man-made：指完全用人工制造，不含仿造和真伪对比的意味。例如：anic food is unadulterated food produced without artifil chemicals or pesticides. 有机食品是未使用人工化学制剂和杀虫剂的纯净食品。再如：Our range of herbal teas contain no preservatives, colourings or artifil flavourings.这一系列的药草茶不含防腐剂、色素以及人工调味品。3. hazehaze 在本文中它表示名词“霾”，haze

15、作动词时表示“笼罩在薄雾中；使变朦胧；戏弄”。例如：His mind was a haze of fear and confu.由于害怕和困惑，他当时处于一种混沌状态。再例如：an sd at him througha haze of smoke anding coffee. 丹透过烟雾和咖啡的热气朝他笑了笑。4. magnet在文中，magnet 在这里表示“磁铁”，也表示“有的人或物”。例如：In the 1990sthe area became a magnet for new investment. 这个地区在 20 世纪 90 年代成了新的投资热点。又如：He picked all

16、the pins up with a magnet. 他用磁铁捡起了所有的大头针。5. essentialessential 在文中表示“必不可少的”，indispensable, essential, ne这些形容词均有必不可少的，必需的之意。 indispensable：语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。sary, requisiteessential：指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。nesary：最常用词，侧重由客观少。requisite：正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与 nec essary 换用。例如：Jordan

17、 promised to trim the city budget without cutting essential serv决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺i.承诺在不减少基本服务的前提下，缩减市政。再如：Party membershipwas an essential prerequisite of a suc可少的先决条件。sful career. 成为党员是事业有成必不【与】1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三行“with eves adapted to living in the suns light”眼睛适应了于。的光线，可以知道，其中 adapted to 和 us

18、ed to 同义，意为2. A 猜题意。对于这种指代的题目，往往是最接近他的一个，根据这种原则，不能得是 night 夜晚，最后一句话的句意是：但是这是唯一的方法去解释出对于夜晚做了什么，设计了光，让光充满星空。3. B 写作目的题。根据第二段第一句话“the benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequener human light spills这项工程带来好处的同事也带来了坏处”和最后一句“wherevo the nature world some aspect of life is affected.”此句意为无论在什么地方，生活都会受到一些影响，故选 B，说明光污染影响的动物。4. D 推理题，最后一段的意思是一个刺眼的世界已经远离了进