2020届上海牛津版中考英语一轮复习专题：形容词副词

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业中考专题：形容词副词一、专题知识梳理 知识点1：基本概念形容词可用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。Eg.: big, tall, short, clever知识点2：用法详解 1）形容词作定语，一般要放在名词前面。 Eg: a clever girl（一个聪明的女孩） a careful boy（一个细心的男孩） some beautiful flowers（一些美丽的花） 【注意】当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所

2、修饰的不定代词之后。Eg.: something important，nothing serious, anything good 2）形容词作表语，放在系动词后面。 Eg.: This apple tastes delicious. 【注意】ill, sorry, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 只作表语不作定语。3）形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。 Eg.: The new teacher made us happy every class.4）用形容词表示类别和整体某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the livi

3、ng，the richthe poor，the blind，the hungry；The poor are losing hope.5）在系动词后构成系表结构：常见系动词有：be 变化系动词：become, get ,turn, grow, go 保持系动词：keep , stay 感观系动词：look, smell , taste, feel, sound, seem , etc.例如：The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起

4、来很香。The soup tastes nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。You look fine. 你看起来气色很好。（注意：look, get, turn, grow, go作为行为动词与作为系动词的不同，尤其重点讲look的不同)6)以-ly结尾的形容词大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly仍为形容词。改错：（错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly.（对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He s

5、poke to me in a very friendly way.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early（对应的late也如此）The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.以-ing或-ed结尾的形容词有一类形容词是在动词后面加上词尾-ing/-ed而转化成形容词，如interest, surprise, excite, amaze, disappoint,frighten, bore，satisfy等（对应的动词都翻译成：使）以-ing结尾的形容词

6、，如interesting, surprising, exciting, amazing, disappointing, frightening, boring等，表示“令人”，用来说明主语的性质以-ed结尾的形容词，如interested, surprised, excited, amazed, disappointed, frightened, bored等，表示“感到”，用来说明主语的感受和心里状态（由于please转化而来的pleased和pleasant形式特殊，可以单独拿出来讲）8)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序“县官行令杀国才”这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代

7、词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car9)形容词常用的表达结构：“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”注意：这

8、一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如：good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite（有礼貌的），clever（聪明的），foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懒惰的），careful（细心的），careless（粗心的），right（正确的），wrong（错误的）等。例如：Its very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）你能帮助我，真好。Its very rude of her to say such words.（=She is very rude to say such wor

9、ds.）她说这样的话，真粗鲁。Its foolish of him to go alone.（=He is foolish to go alone.）他单独出去太傻了。“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important（重要的），necessary（必要的），difficult（困难的），easy（容易的），hard（艰难的），dangerous（危险的），safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pleasant（舒适的），interesting（有趣的），impossible（不可能的）等。例如：Its not ea

10、sy for them to learn a foreign language.=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them. Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students. Its necessary for us to get to school on time.=To get to school on time is neces

11、sary for us. 二、专题精讲例题1:I dont feel very . A. terribly B. well C. good D. badly精析feel为系动词，后面要加形容词，B和C 都是形容词，good作为形容词不指“身体好”，而well作为形容词才指“身体好”，此外well还可以作为副词用。所以选B（well作为形容词和副词用法的不同要讲彻底，以及作为形容词与good的区别）例题2:Looking_ at his mother, the little boy looked_. A. happy; good B. happy; well C. sadly; sad D. s

12、ad; sadly精析look既可以作为系动词又可以作为行为动词。作为行为动词时，是不及物动词，常和at连用或单独使用，表示“看”的动作，用副词修饰，第一个look表示看的动作并且后面有at，所以选C；作为行为动词，表示“看起来”，后面接形容词共同说明主语的特征而不是动作，第二个look表示看起来，为系动词，后选形容词。（解释清楚look作为系动词和行为动词的不同）例题3: The man was not _ when he heard the _ words. A. frightening; frightening B. frightened; frightened C. frighteni

13、ng; frightened D. frightened; frightening精析这道题很好的诠释了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别，frightening表示“令人害怕的”，这里的“人”是指别人，而不是主语本身，用来说明主语具有“令人害怕”的性质；frightened表示“感到害怕的”，是主语感到害怕。此句的意思为“当他听到令人恐惧的话语时，这人并没有感到害怕。”所以选D.例题4：The_ boy was taken to the nearest hospital. A. ill B. sick C. good D. clever精析这道题主语讲的是表语形容词和普通形容词的区别，一般的

14、普通形容词既可做定语又可做表语，而表语形容词只能做表语，ill是表语形容词，sick是普通形容词，这里缺定语，所以选B.三、专题过关检测题1：选出最佳选项1.One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old2.Its _ to know the weather about the new place on the internet before you travel there A

15、. awful B. harmful C. helpful D .powerful3.I will be very _ if you are glad to help me fix my computer.A. interested B. angry C.thankful D.worried4. The bowl of fish smells _. It has gone bad. A. nice B. well C. strange D. terribly5. They were very _ to see each other again. A.pleased B. surprising

16、C. happily D. angrily6.The song sounds_. A.sweet B. nicely C. well D. moved7.Jim does morning exercises every day, so he looks very _. A. tired B. good C. well D. happy答案：1-7 ACACAAC检测题2：1. She doesnt like _ food in the market because its not fresh. (freeze)2. He fell _ during the lecture yesterday

17、afternoon. (sleep)3. There are many _ children in some African (非洲的) countries. (home) 4.Newspapers provide readers with _and local news every day. (nation)5. The old couple had an _ weekend when their four children came to see them. (enjoy).6.Snow is a/an_ sight in this warm place.(usual)7.Its real

18、ly _ for a child of five to take care of himself. (possible)8.Children are educated to be_ when they are very young. (honesty) 9.Sichuan Earthquake is Chinas biggest _ disaster since 1949.(nature)10. Sports can help us to keep _ and live longer. ( health)11. It is _ to understand every single word w

19、hen reading an article. (necessary)12.Its terrible to have an outing in such _ weather. (freeze)13.Work today is very _from the way it was fifty or even twenty years ago.(difference)14.It will be very _ to learn some foreign customs and cultures. (help)15.You shouldnt depend on your parents any more

20、.You must be _.(depend)16.Every student should take an _ part in “Sunshine Sports” .(act)答案：1.frozen 2.asleep 3.homeless 4.native 5.enjoyable 6.unusual 7.impossible 8.honestnatural 10.healthy 11.unnessary 12.freezing 13.different 14.helpful 15.independent16.active四、学法提炼学习形容词常用类比的方法可以帮助理清思路。比如系动词后面接形

21、容词，行为动词用副词修饰的类比；-ed/-ing形容词的类比；以-ly结尾的形容词和副词的类比副词知识点1：基本概念副词可用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，有时也修饰整个句子知识点2：副词分类 时间副词now 现在 then然后 today今天 ago以前 just now刚才 last week上周 地点副词here这儿 there那儿 home在家 where在哪里 anywhere任何地方 out在外面方式副词carefully小心地 happily高兴地 slowly慢慢地 silently沉默地 quietly安静地 bravely勇敢地 kindly好心地 suddenly突然地程度

22、副词much很 very非常 so如此 too太 enough足够 quite相当 almost几乎疑问副词where哪里 when什么时候 why 为什么 how怎样频率副词often经常 usually通常 sometimes有时 never从不 always总是评论副词luckily幸运地 generally一般来说 honestly诚实地 naturally自然地hopefully有希望地 briefly简洁地 surely当然 frankly坦白连接副词when where why 1）表示动作、状态或事物的发生的时间的副词为时间副词。 A writer came and gave

23、us a lecture last Sunday. 上周六一位作家来给我们做讲座。2）表示动作、状态或事物发生的地点的副词为地点副词。 I looked for my pen everywhere but I couldnt find it anywhere. 我到处找我的钢笔，但哪里也找不到。3）表示动作发生方式的副词为方式副词。Suddenly, there was a big noise outside. 突然，外面有很大的噪音。描述动作、行为或状态程度的副词为程度副词。 He told us his mother was terribly ill.他告诉我们他的妈妈病得很严重。4）构成

24、特殊疑问句的副词为疑问副词。 When did your cousin get to Beijing? 你表姐什么时候到达北京的？5）表示一段时间内动作发生的频率的副词为频率副词。 We never know what will happen in the future. 我们永远也不知道将来会发生什么。6）对所述观点进行评价的副词为评论（观点）副词。He fell from his bike. Luckily, he didnt hurt himself. 他从自行车上摔下来，幸运的是，他没有伤到自己。7）用于连接宾语从句，状语从句等的副词为连接副词。Could you tell me wh

25、ere he lives? 你能告诉我他住在哪里吗？知识点3：副词构成1）副词的构成。a. 很多副词都可以由形容词直接加后缀-ly构成。beautiful-beautifully careful-carefully safe-safely exact-exactly recent- recentlyb. 以-le结尾的形容词一般去掉e再加-y。 possible-possibly simple-simply terrible-terribly comfortable-comfortably c. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词一般把y改为i再加-ly。happy-happily busy-bus

26、ily heavy-heavily lucky-luckily easy-easilyd. 有些副词与形容词同形。 hard 硬的/努力地 late 迟到的/迟到 high 高的/高高地 early 早的/早早地 2）兼有两种形式的副词。close与closely。close: 近地；closely：仔细地，密切地。He sits close to me. So I can watch him closely. 他坐得离我近。因此我可以仔细观察他。deep与deeply。deep: 表示距离深；deeply: 表示程度深。 She pushed the stick deep into the

27、mud. 他把木棍深深地插入泥土。 We were deeply moved by the couple. 我们深深地被这对夫妇感动了。late 与 lately。late: 晚； lately: 最近。He came to school late yesterday. 昨天他上学迟到了。 What has your mother been doing lately? 最近你妈妈在做什么？high与highly。high: 表示空间高度； highly: 表示程度。 My son can jump very high. 我的儿子能跳得很高。 They speak highly of what

28、we have done. 他们高度赞扬我们所做的。wide 与widely。 wide表示空间宽度，widely表示广泛地。He likes to open the door wide.他喜欢把门大开着。English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。hard 与 hardly。 hard 意为努力地；hardly意为几乎不。She works hard at English. But she can hardly use it. 她努力学英语，但几乎不会用。 I can hardly speak Japanese. 我几乎不会讲日语。nea

29、r与nearly。near 意为附近地；nearly意为几乎。I lived near her and we nearly met everyday. 我住的离她近，我们几乎每天见面。most 与mostly。Most 意为最大 （多， 高）； mostly意为大部分。What did you enjoy most ? 你最喜欢什么？ We are mostly out on Sundays. 星期天一般我们不在家。 知识点4:副词的用法1)副词可在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。Luckily, he passed the exam at last. 幸运的是，他最后通过了考试。H

30、e saw his wife out when he came back. 他回来时看到他妻子出去了。2)副词可放在动词或动词短语后。They are working hard. 他们正在努力地工作。He does his homework carefully. 他做作业很认真。3)表示时间、地点、方式的副词通常放在句末。Ill see him off there tomorrow. 明天我要去那给他送行。4)副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，要放在这些词前面。She speaks too fast for me to follow. 她说得太快，我跟不上。二、专题精讲例题1:Frank is pl

31、aying his iphone _, but his father looks unhappy.A. lovely B. happily C. friendly D. politely精析这里要修饰动词play，选用副词happily或politely,再根据意思判断应该是高兴地玩，所以选B例题2:Jessica raised her painting _ enough for the whole class to see. A) high B) higher C) highest D) the highest精析这里全部是副词，把画举得足够高，此句上下文并没有提示或暗指比较级或最高级，用原

32、级，所以选A例题3: All the mails will be _ checked before they are sent. A) care B) carful C) more careful D) carefully精析此题虽然放在be动词后面，但是不是放它后面做表语的，仔细读题会发现是仔细地检查，是用来修饰检查这个动作的，所了选用副词D例题4：Believe your teacher. She has various methods to make you speak English _.A) clearB) clearerC) more clearlyD) most clearly精

33、析清晰地讲，用来修speak选用副词，这里暗含用老师的方法和不用老师的方法的比较，选C三、专题过关检测题1：选出最佳选项1.Love will _ last (延续) if we love the whole fine things around us. (奉贤)A) seldomB) alwaysC) neverD) sometimes2.Please pass the glasses, my dear. I can _ read the words in the newspaper. （2011 宝山） A. hardly B. really C. rather D. Clearly3.I

34、t generally takes ten hours to travel from Beijing to Shanghai by train. The underlined word means “_”. A. alwaysB. usually C. sometimes D. seldom4.Although Liu Wei has no hands, he can play the piano very _.（2011 长宁） A. beautifully B. more beautifully C. beautiful D. more beautiful5. Even the presi

35、dent joined us that evening and, we should say, he danced_.（2011 虹口） A. nice B. beautiful C. well D. wonderful6. -Judy, heres a map of that area. I hope it will help you. -Thank you. Its _what I need. （2011 金山） A. just B.still C.only D.almost7. The students are doing _in English than before with the

36、ir teachers help. （2011 静安） A. better B. best C. well D. good 答案：1-7 BABACAA检测题2：用所给词的适当形式填空1. A car accident happened this morning. _, none was hurt. ( fortunate)2.The manager tried to deal _ with angry workers.(polite)3.Jack slammed(砰地关上) the door _ after he was laughed at. (angry)4.There are a lo

37、t of British words not_used in the United States. (wide)5. You cant drive your car_ in traffic jams. (easy )答案：1.Fortunatly 2.politely 3.angrily 4.widely 5.easily学法提炼学习副词时可以用与形容词对比的方法，明白它们的形式的区别和用法的区别都能较好地帮助我们学习好副词形容词副词三等级一、专题知识梳理 知识点1：基本概念形容词和副词可以分为原级、比较级和最高级三个等级知识点2：形容词和副词原级特殊结构 1 as + 形容词或副词原级 +

38、as （意为“和一样”）He is as tall as your brother.Tom plays football as well as Jack. 2 否定形式： notas/soas （意为“不如） He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。（注意：很多学生会把notas/soas理解成”和不一样“，要强调意思，并且说明有比较成分，但仍用原级）知识点3：形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成（注意：形容词最高级前必须有the,副词的最高级前不用）情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnew

39、erlongernewestlingest以-e结尾加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以重读闭音节结尾的词先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more/mostusefuldifficultdeliciousmore usefulmore difficultmore deliciousm

40、ost usefulmost difficultmost delicious不规则变化不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittle lessleastfarfather/furtherfarthest/furthestold older/elderoldest/eldest搞清两种比较级的区别(类推最高级 原级 类别 比较级 区别 far 第一类 farther 强调距离 第二类 further 强调程度 old 第一类 elder强调长幼顺序 第二类 older强调年龄大小 知识点

41、4:形容词和副词比较级和最高级的关键词（考查重点）比较级2erthana little, a bit, a lot, even, much, far, still修饰比较级说明程度最高级3+estthein/of/among说明范围；one of, I have ever seenheard暗示用最高级（注意：这幅图比较直观，需仔细解读每一部分的内容。有些题目里并不会明确指出两者或三者之间进行比较，这时候需要读题人仔细读出句子暗含的内容）知识点5：形容词和副词比较级和最高级的特殊结构1）比较级and + 比较级: 越来越 Eg.: wetter and wetter, more and mor

42、e beautiful2）the + 比较级，the +比较级：越, 就越 Eg.: The more, the better.3)比较级前有时也可加定冠词the表示“两者中比较的一个”，要用( the +比较级+ of the two)的句式.He is the stronger of the two boys. English is the easier language ofthetwo. 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is tall

43、er than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 4）高度注意比较的范围比较级中的被比对象与比较对象必须属于互不分离的两个范围。比较的对象如在同一范围内。必须加other一词，将比较的个体排除在外。范围内加any other范围外加any.He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比他班内其他任何人都高Canada is larger than any country in Asia. 加拿大面积比任何一个亚洲国家都大。Cannada属于北美洲，不在亚洲内，所以可以说

44、加拿大面积比任何一个亚洲国家大。 5）三种同义句转换 He is the tallest student in his class.= He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is taller than the other students in his class. This film is not as interesting as that one.= This film is less interesting than that one. = That film is more interesting than th

45、is one. I prefer math to English. = I like math better than English.6)英语倍数的表达用英语表达“A是B的N 倍长（宽，高，大，重等）”，“A 比B长（宽，高，大，重等）N 倍” 或“A 的长度（宽度，高度，大小，重量等）是B的N倍”，可用下列几种句型。“A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量形容词原级 + as + B”This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍

46、大。“A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B ”The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。half as+形容词原级+as表示“的一半”Eg.：This book is half as thick as that one 二、专题精讲例题1:As we all know, Shanghai is one

47、 of the _ in the world.（宝山）A.larger cities B.largest cities C.larger city D.largest city精析这里有关键词one of和 in the world, 直接锁定用最高级，并且之一，后面要用复数，选B.例题2:Lily did _ in the exam, but Lucy did even _.（宝山）A.badlyworseB.worsebadlyC.badworseD.worsebad精析第一空用来修饰行为动词do用副词,根据意思用原级；第二空even直接锁定比较级。所以选A.例题3:John ran _

48、than Helen at the school sports meeting last Monday.（徐汇） A.fast B.so fast C.much faster D.the fastest精析than用比较级，学生易对C选项产生迷惑，其实这是much+比较级表比较的程度的用法，much并不影响，仍为比较级，所以选C例题4：I think science is than Japanese.A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important精析这题是上题的升级版，关键词than 要用比较级。这里用了A选项来迷惑做题人，much后面接比较级，而不是原级，D选项much 和more 的位置搞反了，所以选C例题5： It was very hot yesterday, but it is today.