八年级下册现在完成时讲解与练习

1、八年级下册现在完成时讲解与练习八年级下册现在完成时讲解与练习八年级下册现在完成时讲解与练习现在完成时: have/ has +过去分词 1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back.2021/4/1322) 表示过去发生的动作, 但强调结果或对现在的影响。Have you had your supper?I have read the book twice already.在以上两种用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, r

2、ecently等时间继续下去的状语。2021/4/1333) 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常及包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。He has studied English for 6 years. Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.2021/4/134过去分词的构成 1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e结尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个

3、辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped2021/4/135现在完成时 Present perfect 句型1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 （回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）” ）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）过去分词”。 2021/4/136I have eaten my lunch.She has eaten her

4、lunch.He has eaten his lunch.肯定句They have eaten their lunch.2021/4/137I have not (havent) seen the film. She has not (hasnt) seen the film.现在完成时的否定形式：have not (havent) +过去分词 has not (hasnt) +过去分词 I havent eaten supper. eat-eatenHe hasnt changed his idea. change-changedMy mother hasnt come back home.

5、 come-come否定句2021/4/138Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.haventhadyethasnt finishedyethasnt cookedhasntlearned把下列句子改为否定句2021

6、/4/139Have you eaten your breakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式Have/has 提前+过去分词 Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-knownHas she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m.Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten疑问句2021/4/1310Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums

7、cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.Have you already had dinner?Has he just finished his homework?Has mum cooked the dinner? Has Susan learned English at school?把下列句子改为一般疑问句2021/4/1311分清及一般过去时的用法现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in1990等.而一般过去时只表示过去

8、的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。eg- I have seen the film.eg- I saw the film last week.eg- He has lived here since 1993.eg- He lived here in 1993.2021/4/1312Notes:1) have gone to 及have been tohave gone to表示某人已离开了原地，去了另外某地，说话时，人已不在原地。后者表示某人曾have been to去过某地，说话时人已不在某地了。He has been to Xian twice. 他曾经去过西安两次。（已经回来了）You c

9、ant find him. He has gone to Xian. 你找不到他。他去西安了。（没回来）2021/4/1313动词填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2.- _ he _(see) this film yet ? -Yes. - When _ he _(see) it ? - He _ it last week. 3. -How many times _you_(come) here? -Once.Havecle

10、anedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome2021/4/13144. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.- _ you eve

11、r _(ride) a horse?- Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept2021/4/1315练习题:1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceship

12、s without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away fromB.has leftC.has been away fromD.went away 5.Mr. and Mrs. Green have_in China for a week. A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached methave chosenhave reachedCA2021/4/1316Ive

13、already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. What have you already done?What has he just done?Who has cooked the dinner?Where has Susan learned English?对划线部分提问2021/4/1317（for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.- Ive

14、 lived here for 15 years.eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago(2003)选用for和since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ sever

15、al years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince2021/4/1318当现在完成时及表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wai

16、t, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬间性动词在

17、完成时中如要及表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 2021/4/1319常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1.go- be away e-be here

18、e back-be back 4.leave -be away（be not here） 5.buy-have 6.borrow-keep 7.die-be dead 8.begin-be on 9.finish-be over 10.open-be open 11.close-be closed 12.lose-be lost 13.get to know-know 14.turn on-be on 15.get up-be up 16.sit down-sit/be seated 17.join-be in（）或be amember 18.become-be4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以及表

19、示一段时间的状语连用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）2021/4/1320现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成“助动词have (has) +动词过去分词”构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A.hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to hi

20、m. (改为否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：so+助/系/情态动词+主语结构中的动词形式应及前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。2021/4/132

21、1二、考查其用法及标志词(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surf

22、ed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。(二)当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时

23、，故选C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：ABC均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不及表段时间的短语连用，故选D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：据since可知，应排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为收到某人的来信

24、，故选B。2021/4/1322三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为去某地了，C项意为一直呆在某地，D项意为去过某地，符合题意，故选D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have

25、been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有for+段时间结构，据此可排除C，B项意为去过某地，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。2021/4/1323四、考查现在完成时及其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词及段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt

26、went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have

27、 lost D. is coming2021/4/1324Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4.

28、It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meetDCBBB2021/4/13256. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D.

29、have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone