英语语法语法讲义

1、白易礼语法讲（）欢迎使o,etotheEnglishgrammarlecture,Idlike白易礼语法讲（）欢迎使o,etotheEnglishgrammarlecture,Idliketoaskyouaquestion:“Whatisthemostdifficultthingforyouinlearning是一、 英语动词的时（一）有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books 仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。ChinaisagreatChinawasthegreatestheworld.在这几句中，动词beHeoftenhelpsme.Hehelpedmeyesterday.Heha

2、sbeenme.help（二）(1) 定的其他情况在以后的讲座中会详细介绍动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）ChinaisagreatChinawasthegreatestheworld.在这几句中，动词beHeoftenhelpsme.Hehelpedmeyesterday.Hehasbeenme.help（二）(1) 定的其他情况在以后的讲座中会详细介绍动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）+即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如t,sleepslept,t加-词尾变举一般加-Look-looking,try-词尾变举词尾读动词后面加-Help-helpedWork-worked 清辅

3、音之后读 t ,d之后读Turn-turned play-结尾是辅音字母+y时，y变i，再加-清辅音之后读举一般加-Help-helps;read-在ch, sh, s, x 或元音字母o后面加-Do,fix,pass,push,teach-does,fixes,passes, pushes, teaches以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变yi再加-Try,study-tries,do 时一进完完成进Does;HadHadShall/willShall/willhave+ Shall/will+haveShould/would+ have doneWould/should+have“时态”就是通过动

4、词的形态变化，来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行 do ng 在“Theyhavedonetheirexercises.”这句中，动词由在“They always do their exercises.do 变成havedonedo do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。1612个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、do 时一进完完成进Does;HadHadShall/willShall/willhave+ Shall/will+haveShould/would+ have doneW

5、ould/should+have“时态”就是通过动词的形态变化，来表达动作发生的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）的状态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行 do ng 在“Theyhavedonetheirexercises.”这句中，动词由在“They always do their exercises.do 变成havedonedo do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。1612个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、1、一般现在动词behave(表示“拥有”)be have（表示“拥有not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见

6、be be have(表示“拥有”)not 否定肯定回否定回AmInot(arentYes,youNo,youAreyounot(arentYes,INo,ImIshenot(isntYes,heNo,he否定疑问Iamnot(ImIhavenotAmHaveYouarenotYouhavenot AreHaveHeisnotHehasnotIsheHashe第一人称单第二人称单第三人称单以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e，再加-Write-writing,dance-以一个辅音字母（x除外）词尾的重读闭音节词，Begin-beginning,swim-swimming, Run-running,

7、sit-sitting以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-have(表示“拥有”) 注意：have 行为动词（以study为例）一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答（2）用法1）一般现在时表示现状、性质、状态和经常的Hehasanuncle.AutumnItisfinetoday.今天天气好。 Youlookpale.Heisgoodat music.HeknowsalotofEnglish.这些动词可与oftenusuallyalwayssometimeshave(表示“拥有”) 注意：have 行为动词（以study为例）一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答（2）用法1）一般现在时表示现状

8、、性质、状态和经常的Hehasanuncle.AutumnItisfinetoday.今天天气好。 Youlookpale.Heisgoodat music.HeknowsalotofEnglish.这些动词可与oftenusuallyalwayssometimeseverydayoncek, on Sundays, never Doyouoftengoto thecinema? Healwayshelpsothers. TomdoesnotstudyashardasJane. Myfathernevertakesabus;hewalkstohisoffice.2）一般现在时表示客观现实或普遍

9、真理stotheeastofThesunheAhorseisausefulanimal. Waterboilsat100. October1stisourNationalDay. 的When W er comes, can Spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（英国浪漫主义诗人雪Beautyistruth,truthbeauty. （3）gocome, leave, arrive, begin, start, be 等的一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安Theplanetakestsix pastfive. nday. 否定疑问句简单回答（肯定/否定not(Do

10、ntI)Yes,Ido.No,IDoyounot(Dontyou)Yes,youdo.No,youDoeshenot(Doesnthe)Yes,hedoes.No,he否定疑问Idonot(dont) Youdonot(dont)DoyouHedoesnot(doesnt)Doeshe否定肯定回否定回HaveInot(haventYes,youNo,youHaveyounot(haventYes,INo,IHashenot(hasntYes,heNo,he否定疑问Iamnot(ImIhavenotAmHaveIYouarenotYouhavenot AreyouHaveHeisnotHehas

11、notIsheHasheOursummervacationbeginsinearly4）在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时IllletyouknowassoonasIhearfrom goifOursummervacationbeginsinearly4）在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时IllletyouknowassoonasIhearfrom goifitisfinetomorrow. Ishallbeaway whenhearrives. Weshallnotheuntilhearrives. 再开在某些以herethere Herecomesthebu

12、s. 汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Here they come. 他们来了。assestheballtoYaoMingYaoshoots？Afineshot! ，7）在戏剧When the curtain rises, Ju t is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. cks it up and quietly. Nowpleasetranslatethefollowingsenten Iamverygladtosee/meetLiHuaonlyknowsalittleTheywatchTVeveryo Ileave

13、byairandarrivethereatsixtomorrow5）你多久给你的母亲？Howoftendoyouwritetoyour6）你的朋友看起来很年轻Yourfriendlooksvery7）汤姆经常Tomoftenreadsin8）你在发音方面Doyouhaveanytroublewith2、现在进行be be am, is, arebenotbestudy 否定疑问IamnotAmI YouarenotAreyouHeisnotIsheIamwritingaletter. TheyarelearningEnglish. Isitrainingnow? Moreandmorepeop

14、learepayingattentiontotheirHeistranslatingIamwritingaletter. TheyarelearningEnglish. Isitrainingnow? MoreandmorepeoplearepayingattentiontotheirHeistranslatinganovel. 有些动词，如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等，它们的现在进行时可表示不远的将Flight1095islandingsoon. 1095I iscoming. Maryiscomingbackfromhervi

15、sittoShanghai. Heisalwaysaskingquestions. Youarealwaystsortofthing. Sheisalwayscomplaining. HefrownsHeisworryingabouthisboy. ShecriticizeshimSheistryingtocorrecthisbadhabits. Sheletsherchildhave hisownway. She isspoilinghim. 她不管。（1）新生Thenewstudentsarearriving2）那边出了什么事Whatiser3）那辆汽车怎么停在门外Why tcarpark

16、ing)outsidetheTheyarewatchingafootballmatchHeisalways.Weimportmachinesfromabroad;wearelearningnewscienceand3、现在完成：现在完成时由助动词have+ 过去分，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单notstudy （2）用法Mydaughterhasjustgoneout. Imsurewevemetbefore. Shehasarrived. , days,recently,now,la notstudy （2）用法Mydaughterhasjustgoneout. Imsure

17、wevemetbefore. Shehasarrived. , days,recently,now,la y,for,I havent heard from her these days. Wehaventseenyourecently. 最近helast/pastks/years/days/months,just Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears. Shehasbeenwithussince注意1）opengocomediearriveleavelose,fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在HehascomehereforTheoldmanhasdiedfor4The

18、yhaveleftonlyfor5 Itskssincehecamehere.Hehasbeenherefor Its 4 months since the old man died. Theyhavebeenawayonlyfor5minutes ; Wherehashebeen? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了Wherehashegone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在TheyhavebeentoCanada. TheyhavegonetoCanada. （）（3）现在完成时不能和明I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, alwa

19、ys, often, 否定简单回答（肯定/否定HaveInot(Haventi)Yes,youhave.No,youHaveyounot(Haventyou)Yes,Ihave.No,IHashenot(Hasnthe)Yes,hehas.No,he否定疑问Ihavenot(havent)HaveIYouhavenot(havent)HaveyouHehasnot(hasnt)Hashela yrecentlyonce,twice,everneverShehasalreadycome. Ihaventread ityet. Ila yrecentlyonce,twice,everneverSh

20、ehasalreadycome. Ihaventread ityet. Ihavemethim before. MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent. Ihaveoftenseenhestreet. TheyhaveneverbeentoYanan. Ihaventseenhimla y. 。1）他们已经答复TheyhavealreadyansweredourIhaventmetWangYingsincelastHehasjusttoldmehis Have you ever been to Hangzhou? Yes, I have. I went there a

21、mon Hehaslivedabroadforaverylonggo.Ihavebeentheretwoor4、现在完成进行 + + （2）用法1）表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行Ivebeenwaitingforyousinceeighthemorning. 8Isbeenrainingforthreehours. Whatbookhaveyoubeenreadingrecently? behavelikeloveknowseehear等，这些词同样也不能用Ihaventseenyouforages. Ihavelovedherforalongtime. Ih

22、aveknownhimforalongtime. Ihavebeenreadingthisnovel. （我仍然在读Ihavereadtwonovels. （可能刚读过，也可能很久以前读的Ihavebeenwritingletters. Ihavewrittenthreeletters. Nowwehavecleanedtheroom,wecanmovethethingsin. 既然Wevebeencleaningtheclassroom,butwehaventfinished1）你整个早晨在学习什么veyoubeenstudyingallthe2）你已经参加过期Haveyoutakenyou

23、rfinal3）学生们一直在为高考准备功课Thestudentshavebeenpreparingtheir1）你整个早晨在学习什么veyoubeenstudyingallthe2）你已经参加过期Haveyoutakenyourfinal3）学生们一直在为高考准备功课ThestudentshavebeenpreparingtheirlessonsforthecollegeentranceWehaveknowneachothersinceMr.Wanghasbeenteachinghisschoolsince6）雨一直下了一。Isbeenrainingfor5、一般过去do did, 。以stu

24、dy Thetrainarrivedtenminutes ago. Whattimedidyougetupyesterdaymorning? Iusedtogotoschoolearly. Healwayswenttoworkbybus. LiHonglivedinShanghaifortenyearswhenshewas（学认为出现了for some time 之类的时间状语，就要用完成时态。这种看法不完全正确。如果指的是在过1）他昨天晚上离开这里HeleftforShanghaiyesterday2）Whattimedidyouwakeupyesterdaymorning? ？I woke

25、upatsixoclock,butdidnotgetupuntil Aforeignfriendvisitedourschoolon4）我上中学的时候总是六点钟起床IusedtogetupatsixwhenIwasatmiddle否定简单回答（肯定/否定DidInot(DidntI)Yes,youdid.No,youDiyounot(Didntyou)Yes,Idid.No,IDidhenot(Didnthe)Yes,hedid.No,he否定疑问Ididnot(didnt)DidIYoudidnot(didnt)DidyouHedidnot(didnt)DidheZhouusedtowork

26、 6、过去进行：由助动词be 的过去式 现在分。其中be 有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单ThistimeyesterdayweZhouusedtowork 6、过去进行：由助动词be 的过去式 现在分。其中be 有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单ThistimeyesterdaywewerehavinganEnglishlesson. TheteacherwasgivingusalessonwhenTomotheroom. 老师在Whilewewerehavingsupper,allthelightswentHewasreadingwhileshewassettingthetable. I

27、twasgettingdarkThewindwasrising. 2）always, continually, frequently Thetwobrotherswerefrequentlyquarrelingwhentheywereyoung. InQingDynasty,Chinawasalwaysmakingstoers. IrememberhisbrotherwasconstantlyaskingquestionsinclasswhenhewasatprimaryWhilemymotherwascooking,myfatherwasWhenIwaswriting,XiaoMingtur

28、nedofftheThesunwassetting.ItwasgettingWeretheylisteningtothebroadcastwhenyouenteredtheir她给你的时候，你在干什么Whatwerengwhenshecalledyouonthe7、过去完成had + 。（2）用法Shetold meshehadbeenthere threetimesbefore. （在“告诉”之前Howlonghadhetaughthereoflastterm? Whenwearrived,thefootballmatchhadalreadyShehadvisitedChinatwicebe

29、foreshecamethisyear. 2）过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生Whenwearrived,thefootballmatchhadalreadyShehadvisitedChinatwicebeforeshecamethisyear. 2）过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续到过By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. Bysixoclocktheyhadworkedforeighthours. WhenIcametoShanghaih

30、ehadbeenthereforalongtime. 3）过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气4）no nhardly(scarcely) whenNo sooner had he stolen the n he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen nhewascaughtred-handed. Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had realizedwhatwashappeningwhenhewas1）很幸运

31、，下雨Luckily,wehadgothomebeforeitbeganto2）张华说他的笔记本丢了ZhangHuasaidhehadlosthis3）他曾告诉过我，会议两点钟开Hehadtoldtthemeetingwasat2,butwhenIarrivedIhadtowaittill 4）他在这里住了两三天，才觉得Whenhehadstayedherefortwoorthreedays,hebegantofeelat8、过去完成进行形式：hadbeen + WhenhecameinIhadbeentryingtorepairtheTVforacoupleofhours. Theroads

32、weredangerous.dbeenrainingfortwowholedays. Theyweretiredbecausetheyhadbeendiggingsincedawn. Theboywasdelightedwiththenewmountainbike.Hehadbeenforonefor a long time. 9、一般将来（1）shall/will + 意愿。第一人称I,we用shall willwill. Ishallbetwentyyearsoldnextyear. Theskyisblack.Ithinkitwillrain. Youwillmeethimattheio

33、nthisafternoon. Thetrainwillarrivesoon. WhenIshallbetwentyyearsoldnextyear. Theskyisblack.Ithinkitwillrain. Youwillmeethimattheionthisafternoon. Thetrainwillarrivesoon. Whenshallwe seeyounextHeprobablywontgowithus. 他大概不能和1）shall,will的缩写形式为ll, 如Ill和2）will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等；shall Iwillgiveyo

34、uanewpenforyourbirthday. （允诺Iwilltakethecollegeentranceexamination. ShallIopenthewindow? 我打开窗户好吗？（征求允诺YoushallhavethebookassoonasIgetit. （说话人的允诺Theenemyshallnotpass. （说话人的保证Iwilldomybesttohelpyou. （意愿（决心Nobodyshallbelateforthemeeting. （令（2）begoing + 1）这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如Mybrother

35、isgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear. 。IamgoingtomeetTomattheionatsix. Sheisnotgoingtobethere. Whenareyougoingtofinishyourwork? Heisgoingto stayk. 他准备呆Wearegoingtocallameetingtodiscuss2）这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如Lookattheseblackclouds？itisgoingtorain. Ithinkitisgoingtosnow. IamafraidIamgoingtohavea

36、badcold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。1）will begoingto Iwont(amnotgoinglyoumy 我不（愿意）。begoingto will在含义和用法上略有不同。Begoingto往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will否定简单回答（肯定/否定ShallInot(shanti)Yes,youwill.No,youWillyounot(Wontyou)Yes,Ishall/will.No,IWillhenot(Wonthe)Yes,hewill.No,he否定疑问Ishall/willnotShallIYouwillnotWillyouHewillnotWillheIhavebo

37、ughtsomebricksandIamgoingtobuildakitchenwiththem.我买了些砖，我要用它们盖个（will 替换）Cansomebodyhelpme? ？Iwill. （begoingto替换2）begoingto 可用于条件从句，表示单纯的将来；willIfyouaregoingtoIhaveboughtsomebricksandIamgoingtobuildakitchenwiththem.我买了些砖，我要用它们盖个（will 替换）Cansomebodyhelpme? ？Iwill. （begoingto替换2）begoingto 可用于条件从句，表示单纯的将

38、来；willIfyouaregoingtogotothecinemathisevening,youdbettertakeyourumbrellawith（3）beto + Youarenottohisroom. Infutureyouarenottogoout alone. Theworstisstilltocome. Tomorrowisstilltocome. （4）be about + 动词不定式。这种结构表示正要、即将发生的事情。例如： LetsgoinTheclassisabouttobegin. 咱们进去吧。马上开始上课了。 They are about to get marrie

39、d. 他们即将结婚。Mybookisabouttobe。begoingto will.1）Whatarengt spade? ？I (plant)some(amgoingtoplant) (will help)(willgo) (isgoingto2）This isaterriblyheavy box. ？I (help)youcarry3) Ive left my watch upstairs. ？I (go)andgetitfor4)Whot this letter forme? ？I 5)Shehas boughtalengthofcloth;she(make)herself10、将来进

40、：shall/willbe + （2）用法：将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作This time kweshallbehatfactory. WhenIgetuptomorrowmorning,mymotherwillbegettingbreakfastforme. 当我明天早晨起床时，Iwillbeseeinghimnextmonth. TomorrowwewillbegoingtothevillageWewillbetakingourholidayattheseasideinJuly. 1）下月这个时候Thistimenextmonthweshallbestayingin2

41、）在今天下午的会议上Willyoubediscussingtheplanat themeetingthis 3）你会见Willyoubeseeingmy 4）下学期你Willyoubeteaching usnext 5）你来的时候Whenyoucomeweshallbehavinga6）下周这个时候在。Thistime kweshallbetakingour11、过Willyoubeseeingmy 4）下学期你Willyoubeteaching usnext 5）你来的时候Whenyoucomeweshallbehavinga6）下周这个时候在。Thistime kweshallbetaki

42、ngour11、过去将（1） 由should/would + 。第一人称用should; wouldwouldshould/would 的简略形式为d, 如Idyoudwouldnot 和shouldnot的简略形式分别wouldnt 和shouldnt.TheyaskedmeifIwouldgotoGuangzhousoon. Shetolddcomeagaink. Itoldhimtoleaveimmedia ybuthewouldnt. Hedplaytheviolinwhenhewasinlowspirits. When I was in college, I would find a

43、 part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大学的时候，每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费。（3）其他表示过去将来时的结构1）were/wasgoingto+ 动，表示过去的安排、打算或确信某事会发生，多用于口语。如ItoldherIwasgoingtoseetafternoon. I ret)theyweregoingtot. 2）were/wasto+ 动，表示安排，命令或后来将要发生的事。如Hedidntknowhewasefamouslateron. Theyweretoreceivesa

44、lariesfromernment. SheandIweretoanagreedplace. 3）were/wasaboutto + Mrs.Brownwasabouttobegin,butJennie. Hewasabouttosaysomethingmore,butthencheckedhimself. Hewaiteduntilshewasabouttoleave. 12、将来完：shall/willhave + BysevenoclockthisafternoonweshallhavegottoShanghaiifthetrainkeepsgoodline. Before bedtim

45、e Xiao Ming will have completed his work. （或作业ByFebruarynextyearthisforeignexpertwillhavebeenhereonthisjobforfiveyears. BySept. 2008Beijingwill haveheld/hostedtheOlympicGames. 200891）七月WhenyoucomeagaininJuly,theywillhaveoanew2）到下一个五一节1）七月WhenyoucomeagaininJuly,theywillhaveoanew2）到下一个五一节BynextMayDayw

46、eshallhavebeentogetherforalong3）我相信，在你到那儿之前，这Imsurehewillhavesettled/solvedthedifficultiesbeforeyouarrive4）到明年七月，我就大学毕业了ByJulynextyear,Iwillhavegraduatedfrom二、关于动词时态的几点说1、一般不用进行时的动词，它们用一般现在时表示现在进行（1）表示心理状态的词：accept, agree, allow, be ve, care, dislike, fear, et, hate, know, like, mean, mind, need, pr

47、efer, realize, remember, respect, understand, want, wishadmit, decide, permit, promise, receive, refuse 等。Iacceptwhatyousay. Idontagreetothisal. （2）hearlooknotice,seesmellsound等词。表示状态的词：bebelongto,exist,have,remainseem,stayIseehimnow;hestalkingtoagirl. 我看见他了，他正在和一说话ThewarshipsbelongtothenavyandThete

48、atastesfresh. belongtothearmy. ，。Itsoundsstrangebutitistrue. 2、下列句型常用一般现在时表示现在进行Herecomesthebus! Theregoesthebell. Herehecomes! 他来了！ Therehegoesmakesure(certain) There arent many seats left for the concert; youd better make suretyougetonetoday. 这场音Imleavingnow-Makesureyoulockthewindow. 3、将来时常用的表达方（1

49、）单纯将来时用shall/will+动Ishallbetwentyyearsoldnextyear. TomorrowwillbeSeptember10th. TheyaregoingtogetmarriedinJuly. MrBrownsaysheisgoingtobuyanewcarnextyear. Brown Hiswifeisgoingtohaveababy. 他妻子要生小孩子了。 There is going to be a storm. 将有一场暴风雨。 Look！Its going to snow. 看，要下雪了。 MrBrownsaysheisgoingtobuyanewca

50、rnextyear. Brown Hiswifeisgoingtohaveababy. 他妻子要生小孩子了。 There is going to be a storm. 将有一场暴风雨。 Look！Its going to snow. 看，要下雪了。 Youaretocleanthewindow. istoarriveinRomeatthreeoclockthisafternoon. AmI toset towork? 要着手工作吗Isheetoo。 要他也走/Theyareabouttogooutwhenitbeginstosnow. 他们正出去的时候开始下雪了. The ship is a

51、bout to sail。 船要扬帆起航了。, leavereturngostartsetoutmeet,opendiearriveWearegoingtoParisonFriday.WeareleavingfromLondon从Thepoordogisdying. Thetragedyisending/beginning. 悲剧就要结束了/4、现在完成时的用already, ever, la y, just, now, recently, today, tonight, yet, k, this year, for+lastthreehepastthreeyears,sofar到目前为止)，

52、uptillnow直到现在)uptothepresent到现在) Wherehaveyoubeenthisyear? Uptothepresent,greatchangeshavetakenplace. DidMarycomehereforavisit?ShehasvisitedChinaince5、过去完成时的用ItisfiveyearssinceIleftmiddleschool.（以现在为依据）Itwasfiveyears sinceIhadleft middleschool.（以过去为依据）了oflastmonththey hadalreadymade 25milliondollars

53、. Thefilmhadbeenonforminuteswhenhearrivedattheexpect, hope, mean, plan, e, thinkTheyhadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeme. 。Ihadthoughttomeether过（或我本想）6、时态的呼（1）主句是现在时态或将来时时，从句可以用任何所需要的时态Hesayshisfatheris/was/willbeateacher. 他说他父亲是（过去是，将来要做）They l t they are living/lived/will live/have lived （1）主句是现在时态或将来时时

54、，从句可以用任何所需要的时态Hesayshisfatheris/was/willbeateacher. 他说他父亲是（过去是，将来要做）They l t they are living/lived/will live/have lived in shanghai. /住过/。（2）主句是过去时态时，从句的时态要注意下列几点A. Ithoughthestudiedhard. Hetoldmehissonwas. B. Hesaidhettheletter. TheydidnotknowwhentheywouldgototheGreatWall. C. 。Hesaidheostedthelette

55、rTheyaskedmewhetherIhadbeentherebefore. Shetoldmeherbrotherdiedin1960. 1960Theysaidtheycheckedeverythingyesterday. Theteachertoldthettheearth isround. Somebodytoldmeyouareawriter. Hesawtheboywhosemotherisourteacher. Itwasnotsohotyesterdayasitistoday. 三、几个常用时态1、一般现在时与现在进行（1）一般现在时用以说明客观事实，或用于强调动作 Thew

56、riterwriteschildrensstories. （说明客观事实） The writer is now writing a story. 那位作家现在正在编写一个故事。Sheiskind. （指她一贯心地善良Sheisbeingkind. （表示暂时性，平时她并不善良。Tomtypeshisownletters. （说明经常性Tomishisownletterstoday. 打信（表示暂时性、未完成（2）有些动词，如：likehate,be veguess,knowmeanrememberhearseesoundseem等，Iknowhim. （不说：IamknowingJennyli

57、kesthisgreen（不说：JennyisIfeel(=thinkbe veyouareright/theressomethingwrong. 我觉得（=认为、相信）你是对的/（这个意思不用进行时 Imfeelingcold. Whatareyouthinkingabout? Whatdoyouthink oftheidea? Ithinkyoureright. 我认为你是正确的。 He is smelling the meat. 他正在闻肉。 The meat smells bad. 这肉有臭味了。I（这个意思不用进行时 Imfeelingcold. Whatareyouthinking

58、about? Whatdoyouthink oftheidea? Ithinkyoureright. 我认为你是正确的。 He is smelling the meat. 他正在闻肉。 The meat smells bad. 这肉有臭味了。Iseeunderstandwhatyoumean. Iseethefishnow. Imseeing(=consultingadoctor. 我正在看医生（即看病Imseeing(=visitingafriendofmine. Howdoyoufeeltoday?or:Howareyoufeelingtoday?) Myheadisaching(or:M

59、yheadaches.) Ifeelcold.=Imfeelingcold. （3）一般现在时说明事实，一般不带彩。例如always, often, frequentlyHe always asks questions. 他总是提问题（无感He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题（表示 Dont be complaining all the time. 别老是抱怨个不停。Shesalwaysblamingothers. 感彩2、一般过去时与现在完成Wehavevisiteder（现在对电站有所了解Wevisitederionk. （只说明事实Ihavelost

60、mypen. （还没有找到Shelostenyesterday. （现在找到与否，没有说明（2）this morning, tonight, this month等，既可以用于一般过去时，也可以用于IhavereadthisbookthisApril. 时仍是四月Ireadthis bookthisApril. 时四月已过Ihavewrittentwolettersthismorning. 时仍是上午Iwrotetwolettersthismorning. 时是下午或晚上3、一般过去时与过去进行Marywrotealettertoherfriendlast night. （信写完了Marywa