高考英语总复习【专题18】阅读填句(含答案)

1、- -第五部分特色题型，专题十八阅读填句，高考试题“Passage 1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2013新课标全国I ）Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to mak

2、e a profit（禾U润） that is,they aim to achieve income that is more than thecosts of operating the business.1.Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations areprimarily nongovernmental service providers.2.Business managementis a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and control of

3、the operations of a business.3.One is the establishment （ 制定）of broad basic policieswith respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment,materials and supplies; and accounting.4.The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in alldepartments.Direction is concerned primarily wit

4、h supervision（ 监管）and guidance by the management in authority.5.A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C.Examples of nonprofit businesses inc

5、lude such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D.However,some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E.Planning in business management has three main aspects.F.In the theory of business management,organization has two main aspects.G.The second aspec

6、t relates to the application of these policies by departments.答案及剖析：1.D上文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。由下文“ Commonly called nonprofits ,可知此处应表示语意的转折，介绍非营利性商业机构。故选 D项。.C 上文提到了非营利性商业机构，此处应是对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。故选 C项。.E上文解释了商业管理，下文具体介绍商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，因此本句应指出商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。.G 前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，因此本句应介绍第二个方面，故选G项。.A 本段第一句

7、介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧:planning,direction 和control 。本句前已提到前两个技巧，因此此处应该是有关 control的内容。故选A项。Passage 2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2013新课标全国口 ） Public Speaking Training Get a coach1. ,so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and

8、 courses,here are some things to look for when deciding the training that s right for you.Focus on positivesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positiveaspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told thatyou

9、aren t doing well.2.,so good public speaking training should develop those instead oftelling you what you shouldn t do. 3.If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it s going to give you lots of dosand don ts,walk away! Your brain is so full of what you re going to be talking about.4

10、.Asfar as we re concerned,there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly,good public speaking training should treat you as a special one,with your own personal habits.5.Your training course shoul

11、d help you bring out your personality,not tryto turn you into someone you re not.A.You aren t like anybody elseB.You already do lots of things wellC.Turn your back on too many rulesD.Check the rules about dos and don tsE.Whatever the presentation,public speaking is toughF.The one thing you don t wan

12、t is for them to fall asleepG.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse答案及剖析：1.E 由下文“so get help ”可知，此处指遇到困难的事情。故选 E项。.B 由本段标题 Focus on positivies 以及下文 so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn t do 可知答案为 B 项。.C 由下

13、文中的dos and don ts 以及no hard and fast rules 等信息可知应选 C项。.G 由上文“你的大脑已装满了要谈的内容”可知 ，此处指“强行记住整套规则只会使事情更糟”。故 选G项。.A 由本段标题 You are a special person not a clone及本段中的 a special one ” 可知应选 A项。Passage 3根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2013北京）UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of

14、human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.1.In fact,nearlyeveryone lived on farms or in tiny rural（乡村的）villages.It was not until the 20th century thatGreat Britain became the first urban society in history a society in whi

15、ch the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.2. The process of urbanization the migration（ 迁徙）of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization,which has rapidlytransformed how people live and where they live.In 1900,few

16、er than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.3.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advancedagricultural societies# took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people incities.4.Un

17、til modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英）andthe servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from

18、farm to city.Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.5.Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,oneAmerican farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The r

19、est live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago,only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities

20、have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.答案及剖析:1.E 结合上一句以及下一句的内容可知 ，此处是按时间顺序叙述城市化的进程的 ，且E项中 的 only a few people could live in cities.” 与下句中的 nearly everyone lived on farms ” 相呼应。.D 上一段的后半部分提到英国在20世纪成为第一个城市化社会，本段第一句提到英国仅仅是开端，由此可知不久以后许多其他工业国家也成为了城市化社会。.B 结合前两句中提到的82喷口 2%W知，此处应叙述其

21、余的人居住在何处。.A 根据前两句的内容，尤其是Large cities were impossible 可知，受农业社会的限制，当时的城 市规模很小。本段后半部分提到的当时的城市规模受限于剩余食物的数量也是线索提示。.F 上一句中提到工业革命打破了城市和农村的平衡，再结合下一句中的 one American farmer is ableto feed more than a hundred non-farmers. ”可判断止匕项正确。Passage 4根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2013辽宁） ForgivenessTo forgiv

22、e is a virtue,but no one has ever said it is easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,itcan be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.However,forgiveness is possible,and it can besurprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.People who forgive show less sadness,anger and stress and mor

23、e hopefulness,according to a recent research.Try the following steps:Calm yourself.2.You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives youpleasure: a beautiful scene in nature,or someone you love.Don t wait for an apology.Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologi

24、ze.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don t see things the same way.3. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.Take the control away from your offender（冒犯者）.Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused

25、 you pain.Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings,learn to look for the love,beauty and kindness around you.If you understand your offender,you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness,fear,and even love.You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender spoint of vie

26、w.Don t forget to forgive yourself.5.But it can rob you of your self-confidence if youdon t do it.A.Why should you forgive?B.How should you start to forgive?C.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.D.Try to see things from your offender s angle.E.For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest ch

27、allenge.F.To make your anger die away,try a simple stress-management technique.G.If you wait for people to apologize,you could be waiting an awfully long time.答案及剖析：1.B本句起到承上启下的作用，根据Try the following steps. ”可知答案，B项以问句的形式引出下文。.F Calm yourself 与 F 项中的 To make your anger die away,try a simple stress-m

28、anagement technique.从意思到结构都是一致的，故应选F。.G 根据上文中的 Dont wait for an apology. 可知,G 项中的 If you wait for people to apologize. 与上下文一致。.D 根据 If you understand your offender 以及 from your offender s point of view 可看出，作 者告诉我们要“从冒犯者的角度看问题”。故应选 D.E 本段标题为 Don t forget to forgive yourself与 E 项中的 forgiving themselve

29、s 致，并且 E项与后面的句子之间正好是转折关系。故应选EPassage 5根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2012新课标全国)Kids health:Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time.1.Some ways of dealing with stresslikescreaming or hitting someone don t solve ( 解决)much.But other ways,like talking to someon

30、e you trust,can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult,such as a parent or other relatives.2.They might have had simila

31、r problems,such asdealing with a test,or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Don t take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh,dear,that s not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Don t take it out on yourself.3.(3)Try to so

32、lve the problem.After you re calm and you have support from adults and friends,it s time to get down to business.4. Even if you can t solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,especially whenyou figure out the problem and start

33、 working on solving it.These steps aren t magic,but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time,you ll help yourself feel better even faster.5.A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B.Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help

34、 them.C.Different people feel stress in different ways.D.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And don t forget about your friends.G.Then,find a way to calm down.答案及剖析：1.C根据第一句每个人不时地会感到有压力，而不同的人感受压力的方式是不同的。先讲每个人的共同点，再讲不同点，故C合乎逻辑。.F 根据前句 ”.reach ou

35、t to the people who care about you.” 和后句 They might have hadsimilar problems ，可知此空填 F。.A 根据前句Rememberthat there are always people to help you.Don t take it out on yourself 可知，下句应为向别人求助，故选人.E 根据本段主题句 Try to solve the problem 和 it s time to get down to business ” 可知 应先找出问题是什么，故选Eo.D 根据前一句you ll help y

36、ourself feel better even faster”可知此空应为表示没有压力之后的心情，故D合适。Passage 6根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2012辽宁）How to Make FriendsFriendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends.Goodfriendship has many benefits.It offers companionship,improves self-worth and promo

37、tes good health.There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leave us without a friend.1.But for many of us theprocess is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep fr

38、iends.Associate with others.The first step to making friends is associating with other people.You can go to public placesto meet new people.Besides,you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.Start a conversation.Starting a conversation is the second most importa

39、nt step in making new friends.2.Youcan always start the conversation.Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.3.Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.Hang

40、ing out will always be a pleasant experience.4.Let it grow.It is a good thing to stay in touch.However,try not to press your new friend with calls,messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.4.Thebest friendships are the ones that grow naturally.5

41、.Enjoy your friendship.The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.5.Trynot to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.A.Be cheerful.B.Do things together.C.Do not wait to be spoken

42、to.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.G.So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.答案及剖析：1.E 由but前面的更换生活、工作、学习环境和后面的.the process is difficult.可获知答案。2.C 从后面的 You can always st

43、art the conversation可知。3.B由该段的内容可知B项正确。.G 从该段的内容可知，不要以任何形式敦促新朋友，让友谊自然发展。.D 由该段内容可知，要给朋友自己的空间，不要去试图改变他们，不要挑剔朋友的毛病。Passage 7根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2012北京）EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, amon

44、g college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.1. Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you re showered with news and reality shows full of people f

45、ighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect.2.There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humansare socially related by nature.3. Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect.Besides, empathy can be a cure for

46、 loneliness, sadness, anxiety,and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact,Freed says, many top companies reportthat empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.4. aAcademics are important. But if you don t have emotional（情感的）intelligence, you won t

47、be as successfulin work or in your love life,“ she says.What s the best way to up your EQ（ 情商）？ For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others.5.To really develop empathy, you d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have

48、 a asharing circle with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.C. ”One doesn t develop empathy by

49、having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,“ Freedsays.D.Humans learn by example and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else both what they think and how they feel.F.Good social skills including empathy are a ki

50、nd of “emotional intelligence “ that will help you succeed in many areas of life.G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathyis decisive to those relationships.答案及剖析：1.B 据下文spend more time alone and. 可知，B项在此合适，由B项描述人们用看电视、 上网的时间取代了会面的时间。.D该段描述电视上打架、竞

51、争等不友好镜头，而D项描述人们仿效的这些根本无同情心。.G 据上文Humans are socially related by nature人生来就处在社会关系中，而G正是说的人与人之间关系的话题。.F该段空格前句说同情心是一些大公司雇用经理的重要品德之一，而与F中that will help yousucceed. 正相符。.C 正好回答 what s the best way to up your EQ（ 情商）这个问题。Passage 8根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2011新课标全国）Money MattersParents sho

52、uld help their children understand money.1.So you may start talking aboutmoney when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important

53、 to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have.If he wants to have a toy,give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier （收银员）.2.Whenyour child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money,you can start explaining more complex ways of using mone

54、y.Money lessonsApproach moneylessons with openness and honesty.3. If you must say no to a child s request to spend money,explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now. Or,if the request is for manydifferent things,say,You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”.4.Begin at the grocery st

55、ore. Pick out two similar brands of a producta name-brand butter anda generic （ 无商标产品 ）,for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.5.If he chooses the cheaper brand,allow himto make another purchase with the money saved.

56、Later,you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A.Wise decisionsB.The value of moneyC.Permit the child to choose between them.D.Tell your child why he canor cannot have certain things.E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F.Tal

57、k about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G.The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.答案及剖析：1.G据下文中所谈的何时和孩子们交谈关于钱的问题So you may start talking aboutmoney when your child shows an interest in buying things.”可知此处是谈教育孩子的时机，G 项符合。.F 在第二段中谈钱

58、的功能 ，特别是第二段中第二句It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things.。所以和孩子重点谈钱是如何用来购物的。.D 据下文中如何拒绝孩子的要求“ You have enough toy trucks for now. 和让孩子作出对物的选 择 You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” 可得出答案为 D。.A 归纳段意。据下文中主题句 You can show your child how to make choices be

59、tween different brands of a product so that you can save money.” 可知本段是关于作出明智的决定。.C 下文中说If he chooses the cheaper brand. ”所以空白处 C项符合，让孩子去作选择。Passage 9根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2011辽宁）Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful,but as we age,we start to feel like our brains

60、 are slowing down a bit and that can be a very annoying thing.1.Read on for some techniques worth trying.1.2.People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer s disease（ 早老性痴呆症 ）,according to a recent study.3. Something as simple as se