功能语言学精品课件

1、功能语言学第1页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Modality system第2页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Page 28 mightcancanwouldwillalmostcertainlyneed toperhapswouldcouldcancouldcouldmightcoulddo not need to need tocancancancanprobablyneed to sometimes needs tocanmightbe possible to第3页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Analysi

2、s of 3.1 three kinds of meaning I. On the perspective of type第4页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Commodity Exchange Speech Function Types of IntermediacyFrequencyProportion(%)InformationPropositionStatementModalizationProbability 2172.41QuestionUsuality 13.45Goods & ServicesProposalCommandModulationOblig

3、ation 56.9OfferInclination 217.24total29100第5页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一 might(L)can(L)can(L)would(M)will(M)almost(H)certainly(H)need to(H)perhaps(L)would(M)could(L)can(L)could(L)could(L)might(L)could(L)do not need to(H)need to(H)can(L)can(L)can(L)can(L)probably(M)need to(H)sometimes(L)needs to(H)

4、can(L)might(L)be possible to(L) HHigh MMedian LLowII. On the perspective of value第6页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一ValueProbabilityUsualityObligationInclinationFrequencyProportion(%)High almost 1 certainly1 need to5 724.14Medianprobably1 would1 would 1 will1 413.79Lowmight3 can8 perhaps1 could4 possibl

5、e1sometimes1 1862.07Total 21 1 5 2 29100第7页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一III. On the perspective of orientationOrientation refers to the basic distinction that determines how each type of modality will be realized. Based on Hallidays theory，the speakers may express their opinions in the way that makes

6、 it clear whether they are their subjective points of view or they are objective qualities of events themselves. There are some intermediate grounds of expressions between the highlighting subjectivity and creating objectivity. Besides, there are other variants in the modality，implicitness and expli

7、citness. Implicitness is usually realized when the modality is expressed in the same clause as the main proposition，while explicitness is adopted in a projecting clause (Halliday， 2000:355).第8页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一System of orientation in modality第9页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Analysis of the

8、 3.1- There kinds of meaningExplicit subjective: Implicit subjective: we might; we can; can you; you would; we will; need to;would be; you could; we can; we could; we could; might; we do not need to; we need to; we can; we can; we can; we can; need to; needs to; we can; Explicit objective: it could

9、be thought that; it might be possible toImplicit objective: almost, certainly, perhaps, probably, sometimes第10页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Distribution of each orientationmodalizationmodulationExplicit subjective00Implicit subjective147Explicit objective 20Implicit objective50第11页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，1

10、4点48分，星期一 may mustcanmustwillcan-shouldwouldwouldcanIt is possible tocanwillneed to Analysis of 4.1 Introduction第12页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一 I. On the perspective of typeAnalysis of 4.1 Introduction第13页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Commodity Exchange Speech Function Types of Intermediacy Frequency

11、Proportion(%)InformationPropositionStatementModalizationProbability 11 78.57QuestionUsuality 0 0Goods & ServicesProposalCommandModulationObligation17.14OfferInclination 214.29total 14100第14页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Modalization: what the writer descibe is the possible implication, nor assertive n

12、or absolute.Modulation: it is used to exchange goods and services by speech functions of proposal: command and offer. It is used in this text in a low proportion.第15页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一 may(L) must(H)can(L)must(H)will(M)can(L)should(M)would(M)would(M)can(L)It is possible to(L)can(L)will(M)n

13、eed to(H) HHigh MMedian LLowII. On the perspective of value第16页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一valueProbabilityUsualityObligationInclinationFrequencyProportion(%)High must 2 need to1 321.43Median should1 will2 would 2 535.71Low may 1 can 4 possible 1 642.86total111214100第17页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一L

14、ow value: open the possibility to the readers; leave space for readers to think; lower the writers resposibility. examples in the text:Median value: prevent the expressions go to extremes. The reader would feel the writing more credible.examples in the textHigh value: 1.the writer have more confiden

15、ce and certainty of the information he provided. 2. the writer expresses his high degree of expectation on the reader of carrying out the requirements. examples in the text第18页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一III. On the perspective of orientationExplicit subjective: /Implicit subjective: we may; there m

16、ust be; that can be;the clause must be;we will be;we can; that should help; what content would you; we would;we can; we can; we will; we first need to(modal operators)Implicit objective:/Explicit objective: it is possible to第19页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Distribution of eaeh orientationmodalization

17、modulizationExplicit subjective00Implicit subjective85Implicit objective00Explicit objective10第20页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Implicit subjective: avoid the explicitness when the writer shows his own opinion and make it look as if the fact itself. (reader easily accept the information and persuasion

18、)Explicit objective: 1. hide the writers obligatio; 2. Make the writers expression more objective.第21页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一comparison and cotrast of two textsSimilarities:1. On the perspective of type, more modalization expressions appears in both texts.2. On the perspective of value, low val

19、ue expressions take more proportion.3. On the perspective of orientation, implicit subjective expressions are more than other kinds.4. On the perspective of polarity, positive expressions take the predominant role.第22页，共24页，2022年，5月20日，14点48分，星期一Differences:1. On the perspective of value, there are more high value expression in the first text.2. On the perspective of orientation, there are some implicit objective expressions in text1 but no in text 2.第23页，共24页