复旦研究生综合英语2(修订版)-Unit10课件

1、U10Additional lnformation for the Teachers ReferenceText Whatever Happened to Privacy?Warm-up ActivitiesFurther ReadingWriting SkillsAdditional WorkWarm-up Activities1. Can you explain what privacy is with your own words?2. What are the different attitudes towards privacy in China and the West?3. Wh

2、at can we do to protect our privacy? Warm-up 1.1 William Zinsser (1922 - ) is a writer and professor who began his career as a journalist. On October 7, 1922, William Zinsser was born in New York City. After attending Princeton, he served in the U.S. Army during WWII. He returned to New York City af

3、ter the war, joining the staff of the New York Herald Tribune, where he worked as a feature writer, drama editor, film critic, and editorial writer. In 1959, after thirteen years with the New York Herald Tribune, he left journalism to become a freelance writer, and for some years he was a regular co

4、ntributor to major national magazines such as look and lifeAIFTTR1.1Additional lnformation for the Teachers Reference1. William ZinsserAIFTTR1.2magazines and the New York Times. In 1970, he joined the English faculty at Yale University. Among his major books are Seen Any Good Movies Lately? (1958),

5、The City Dwellers (1962), and The Lunacy Boom (1970). Zinsser is most famous for the modern classic On Writing Well, a book that grew out of his popular writing class at Yale. Originally published in 1976, the book has come out in six editions, selling well over a million copies (the book has occupi

6、ed a special place in my library for over 25 years). Whatever Happened to Privacy? is chosen from The Haircurl Papers, a book of essays published in 1964. AIFTTR2.2among people in love. It also depends on the context. Speakers may not utter any more words than the usual expressions of greeting at a

7、conference, while at a cocktail party casual talks prevail and people seem to tolerate somewhat inquisitive questions. Right of Privacy is the right claimed by individuals to control the disclosure of personal information about themselves. It also covers peoples freedom to make their own decisions a

8、bout their private lives in the face of government attempts to regulate behavior. The Constitution of the United States guarantees a number of privacy rights. The Fifth Amendment, for example, upholds the right to refuse to testify against oneself in a criminal case. The Fourth Amendment protects a

9、person against unreasonable searches and seizures by government officials. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that the Constitution also protects privacy in certain matters relating to marriage, reproduction, birth control, family relationships, and child rearing and education. Privacy

10、 is also protected by a branch of civil law called tort law. Under tort law, one person can sue another for violation of privacy in any of four categories: (1) disclosing private facts that are not newsworthy; (2) portraying a person in a false light; (3) using a persons image or personal facts for

11、profit without the persons permission; and (4) intruding into a persons private physical space. AIFTTR2.3AIFTTR3.2disclosure of personal information and give individuals the right to challenge the accuracy of information about themselves. These laws cover federal agencies, school records, credit rep

12、orts, and telephone solicitation. In addition, the law holds that most privileged conversations with lawyers, spouses, clergy, and others are confidential. Hackers and net criminals also hold responsibilities for the increasingly worsening situation of privacy invasion on the Internet. Hackers may n

13、ot confine themselves to the secret or illegal gathering of personal information; in some cases they turn into criminals who commit crimes either resulting in the economic loss or leading to more serious libeling or physical harm off the virtual world. The ill-intentioned acts of pryingAIFTTR3.3into

14、 others computers to steal personal data such as password, bank account, address and telephone number are against the rights of privacy and are most likely to be punished. However, the circulation of digital photographs of individuals or rather celebrities are not all ill-intentioned acts. Users cir

15、culate photos and email addresses merely for the purpose of sharing with others the information. Until now there seems to be no better ways to deal with those minor violations of privacy on the Internet. 4. Celebrities on TV Some television stations broadcast many talk shows, also called discussion

16、shows. On these shows, a host interviews people from many walks of life-including athletes, authors, motion picture and TV stars etc. Others also have programs in which journalists and others concerned with current events discuss topics in the news. Politicians may be interviewed about important mat

17、ters of the day. Many commercial stations fill time slots by selling broadcast time to companies with products to sell. In TV commercials, celebrities or other spokespersons demonstrate and endorse a product. Direct appeals to purchase the product over the telephone or through the mail are often par

18、t of the program. AIFTTR4Text Whatever Happened to Privacy?NotesIntroduction to the Author and the ArticlePhrases and ExpressionsExercisesMain Idea of the Text Main Idea of the Text 1Main Idea of the Text In Whatever Happened to Privacy? William Zinsser offers some ideas as to how to understand the

19、invasion of privacy in current America. He examines the growing menace of personal space-invasion, which affects American daily lives. The menace evinces itself, as the author puts it, in two ways, namely the hot pursuit of privacy and the voluntary surrender of privacy. On the one hand, people beco

20、me more inquisitive of others private affairs and few can still remain all the time sober and vigilant upon the break-in of their own privacy. Or rather to most people there is no good way to ward off prying eyes to take advantage of their weak or thoughtless defense. On the other, some peopleMain I

21、dea of the Text 2apparently seem easily persuaded or tempted to unbosom themselves to the public for fame as well as for money. The mass media fuel the exposure of personal or intimate secrets, especially celebrities in exchange for commercial benefits as well as for large readership, audience or sp

22、ectators. Shedding privacy even taints the literary circle in that more and more literary men love and indulge in the public promotion of their works on TV or on the radio to highlight their public images. Then the public relations consultant rises, as the time requires the improvement of the public

23、 image of his client. As a result, the very concept of protecting privacy is now on the verge of collapse within the media age. Invading other peoples privacy is now a big pursuit and big business in America. So is the voluntary surrender of privacy, judging by the large number of men and women who

24、seem driven to make an outward show of their inner selves. Newspapers, magazines and television programs are battening as never before on the personal lives of the famous, and no detail is too intimate to be made public, as President Eisenhower found during his recovery from a heart attack. In fact,

25、 anyone who tries to guard his privacy is regarded as somewhat odd and un-American.Part2_T1William ZinsserWhatever Happened to Privacy?Text Certainly a mans home is no longer his castle, or, if it is, the moat is dry and the portcullis is always up. Nothing can stanch the daily tide of impersonal ma

26、il posing as personal mail, of salesmen at the door and strangers on the telephone. In the hands of the inconsiderate the telephone is a deadly weapon, but if a man dons armor against it by refusing to have his number listed in the directory, he must now pay a penalty. The New York Telephone Company

27、 has almost half a million of these diehards on its rolls a figure which suggests that the urge for privacy is still alive, even if the respect for it is not. A few years ago the company became impatient with its unlisted patrons and put an extra charge on their monthly bill, hoping thereby to force

28、 them back into the listed world of good fellowship.Part2_T2Part2_T4 If privacy is hard to find at home, it is almost extinct outside. Strangers in the next seat on trains and planes are seldom given to vows of silence, and certainly the airline pilot is no man to leave his passengers to their thoug

29、hts. His jovial voice crackles out of the intercom whenever the customers are in any danger of dropping off to sleep. Airplanes have also been infested by canned music, leaving the captive listener only one method of escape and no method if he wants to live to tell the tale. Unwanted music is privac

30、ys constant enemy. There is hardly an American restaurant, store, railroad station or bus terminal that doesnt gurgle with melody from morning to night, nor is it possible any longer to flee by boarding the train or bus itself, or even by taking a walk in the park. Transistor radios have changedall

31、that. Men, women and children carry them everywhere, hugging them with the desperate attachment that a baby has for its blanket, fearful that they might have to generate an idea of their own or contemplate a blade of grass. Thoughtless themselves, they have no thought for the sufferers within earsho

32、t of their portentous news broadcasts and raucous jazz. It is hardly surprising that Radio Corporation of America announced a plan that would pipe canned music and pharmaceutical commercials to 25,000 doctors offices in eighteen big cities one place where a decent quietude might be expected. This ra

33、ises a whole new criterion for choosing the family physician. Better to have a second-rate healer content with the sounds of his stethoscope than an eminent specialist poking to the rhythms of Gershwin. Part2_T5 If Americans no longer think twice about invading the privacy of others, it is because p

34、opular example has demolished the very concept, as anyone with a TV set will attest. The past decade of television has been an orgy of prying and catharsis. Mike Wallace first achieved fame as a TV inquisitor who left no question unasked. To Drew Pearson, for instance, he said, “President Roosevelt

35、once called you a chronic liar; President Truman called you an S. O. B. at one time and a vicious liar at another time. Could it be that you are a liar?” Wallace explained why such questions are tolerated: “ Peoples thresholds are lower than they used to be.”Part2_T6 Nor does TV fix its peeping eye

36、only on the famous. Program hosts ooze familiarity, no matter who comes into their net, and sooner or later almost everybody does. How many wretched women were induced to bare their miseries on “Queen for a Day”? How many couples exposed their marital troubles to dissection on “Divorce Court”? Small

37、 legions allowed such retrospective shows as “This is Your Life” and “It Could Be You” to conjure up spirits from their unhappy past. Dr. Joyce Brothers had a program on which she answered questions on the sexual problems of her listeners, and Jack Paar in his long tenure on the “Tonight” show frequ

38、ently wheedled the audiences sympathy with tearful complaints about his personal woes. Part2_T7Part2_T8Who can forget his lachrymose return from exile after National Broadcasting Company suspended him? Jabbing at his various enemies, he had a special riposte for Walter Winchell, who, he said, had de

39、famed him and even questioned his virility. “As a moral man,” Paar declaimed, “only my wife knows about my virility,” and with this touching domestic vignette he routed the foe from his heart. Even more symbolic of the new age was Ed Murrows “Person to Person.” In its seven years more than 550 men a

40、nd women welcomed this programs million viewers into their homes. They included four Cabinet members, two Supreme Court justices, three college presidents, three bishops, many visiting heads of government, foreign diplomats of highest rank, governors and mayors, Congressmen and judges, generals and

41、admirals, one ex-President and one ex-King of England. “It was very rare of people to refuse on the grounds that it was an invasion of their privacy,” says Jesse Zousmer, former producer of the show. “It became a question of prestige to be on it sort of like being invited to the White House.” While

42、TV programs thus invaded the privacy of men and women as a whole, TV commercials have gone after them limb by limb, and by now they have eroded most of the defenses that once surrounded the human body. When a toddler is old enough to turn a knob, he can see women flexing in girdles or “undies,” or r

43、ejoicing in the thrust of a new brassiere. He can watch them spray deodorants or dab depilatories on themselves in a state of Part2_T9 Although assaults on privacy come from many sides, it is amazing how many are self-inflicted. Celebrities now disgorge their blackest secrets in print, as if hoping

44、to banish their private demons by serving them at a public feast. From three such confessions an industrious scribe named Gerold Frank has mined one of the richest veins in recent literary annals. Frank is the ghost who put to paper Lillian Roths “Ill Cry Tomorrow,” Diana Barrymores “Too Much Too So

45、on” and Sheilah Grahams “Beloved Infidel,” books which together have sold 6 million copies and earned more than 750,000, including foreign editions and royalties from the movies that Hollywood avidly made from all three.Part2_T12 In their books Miss Roth and Miss Barrymore told explicitly how an ove

46、rdose of husbands and liquor reduced them to squalid depths. “I told him things I wouldnt have told a priest,” Miss Barrymore said, and Frank obviously had the same powers of exorcism over Miss Graham. In her book she confessed that her real name was Lily Sheil, which she loathed, and that her upbri

47、nging was far shabbier than the one she had invented to conceal it. “The whole of my childhood has been something dark and secret to me,” she said, “and the name I was born with is tied up with the years I have kept hidden so long.”Part2_T13 This undressing has even taken literal form. The mother-in

48、-law of painter Larry Rivers once posed for him in the nude, and he exhibited the full-length portrait with the subject identified. During their marriage Tyrone Power and his wife not only had themselves painted nude to the waist, but hung the portraits in their house and invited “Look” to publish p

49、hotographs of them, which “Look” gladly did. Perhaps the snooping instinct has been sharpened by the kind of magazine reporting that digs as deeply into a man as gall and tenacity will permit. Time boasts that its writers and researchers spend weeks trailing the subject of a cover story, Part2_T15de

50、tecting mannerisms that the subjects husband or wife never noticed. These techniques have undoubtedly inspired countless newspapermen, especially those who intrude on a family in their moment of grief after a tragedy. Serious writing has also suffered strange inroads. Before television, authors gene

51、rally worked in seclusion while publishers tried to sell their books. Now it is necessary to sell the man as well as the book, and publishers try hard to get their writers onto “Today,” “Tonight” and other shows moderated by popular hosts, who have thus become literary arbiters with considerable inf

52、luence. Rare is the author, like J. D. Salinger, Part2_T16who refuses to undergo this kind of promotion. Meanwhile all sorts of entertainers have suddenly blossomed into “authors” and best-selling authors, too. They go from show to show, touting their “books” and each others books, which accounts fo

53、r the success of these volumes, unaccountable by literary standards. The decline of privacy coincides by no accident with the rise of the “public relations consultant,” one of the high priests of modern American life. His original purpose was to knead the public image of his client, like a lump of c

54、lay, into a fresh and attractive shape. In some cases this means a lot of kneading, for he is often called upon to repair a reputation that was damaged almost beyond mortal help.Part2_T17Part2_T18 Today the function of the “p.r.” man has grown far beyond these mere overhauls. Now the task is not so

55、much to shine an image that has tarnished as to create one where none existed before. Hitherto faceless and nameless corporation presidents, bankers and other executives by the hundreds allow themselves to be converted into “personalities” by puppeteers on the theory that a company is more lovable i

56、f its offices are, too. To help sell the man is to help sell the product.Gershwin (George Gershwin, 1898 - 1937): American composer. His major pieces include Rhapsody in Blue (1924), Piano Concerto (1925) and Porgy and Bess (1935).NotesPart2_TA_Notes1Eisenhower (Dwight David Eisenhower, 1890 - 1969)

57、: 34th President of the United States (1953 - 1961)Frank Lloyd Wright (1869 - 1959): American architect who from the 1920s revolutionized the industry with his vision for the impossible and for creating buildings with clean linesrumpus room: a room usu. below ground level in a house, used for active

58、 games and partiescanned music: (infml. usu. derog.) music recorded for reproductionPart2_TA_Notes2NotesTruman (Harry S. Truman, 1884 - 1972): 33rd President of the United States (1945 - 1953)Mike Wallace (1918 - ): American investigative journalist who created and fronted the TV show “Mike Wallace,

59、” which features stories about salient issues around the worldDrew Pearson (1897 - 1969): American journalistRoosevelt (Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882 - 1945): 32nd President of the United States (1933 - 1945)Joyce Brothers (1928 - ): American author, radio and TV personalityPart2_TA_Notes3NotesWal

60、ter Winchell (1897 - 1972): American gossip columnist who also broadcast news items on his own radio programJack Paar (1918 - 2004): host of TVs “Tonight” show from 1957 to 1962Ed Murrow (1908 - 1965): American broadcasterDr. Paul Dudley White (1886 - 1973): In 1955 he attended President Eisenhower