ReadingSkillsFastReadig阅读技巧课件

1、Fast ReadingTechniques for Reading Faster1ppt课件Eye Movement PatternsFast Reading2ppt课件Physical Features of the Eye-movement ProcessLeft-to-Right ProgressionFixationEye SpanReturn SweepRegressionEye-Movement PatternsObserving Eye-Movement Patterns3.Fixation 注视点 As your eyes move across a line of prin

2、t, they move and stop, move and stop. When your eyes stop, or focus, this is called a fixation.4.Eye Span 视幅，视距As your eyes stop, or fixate, while progressing from left to right across the line, they see a certain number of words or letters. The amount you see during each fixation is called your eye

3、 span. Eye spans varies individually according to the type of material you are reading.5.Return Sweep When your eyes reach the end of a line of print, they return to the beginning of the next line. This return motion is called the return sweep. Although your eyes are already trained to return automa

4、tically, the speed with which they make this return is variable.6.Regression 回读 Your eyes normally progress in a left-to-right direction, seeing each word in the order it was written. Occasionally, your eyes will move back-ward, or regress, to a word already read instead of moving to the next word.R

5、egression is often unnecessary and slows you down. 7.Observing Eye-Movement PaternsExperiment 1: Observing Eye MovementAsk the other person to hold up the book so that you can see his or her eyes as he or she reads. Then direct the person to start reading a paragraph. As he or she reads, notice how

6、the eyes move and stop, move and stop. Also notice the return sweep to the beginning of the next line.Eye-Movement Patterns8.Observing Eye-Movement PaternsExperiment 2: Counting FixationsAs the person reads, count the number of eye stops or fixations made on each line. By counting the average number

7、 of words on the line and dividing it by the average number of fixations per line, you will be able to work out the persons eye span.Eye-Movement Patterns9.Reducing RegressionsFrequent regression interferes with your comprehension and slows you down. You can reduce regression by using the following

8、techniques:Eye-Movement Patterns10.Reducing Regressions1. Force yourself to move your eyes only from left to right. Do not regress in the middle of a sentence. Instead, if the meaning of a sentence is unclear after you have finished reading it, reread the entire sentence.Eye-Movement Patterns11.Redu

9、cing Regressions2. Use a card to prevent regression to previous lines. As you read, slide the card down the page so that it covers what you have already read.Eye-Movement Patterns12.Key Word ReadingFast Reading13ppt课件Example 1 Key word reading is a new technique. Although it is faster than most of t

10、he careful reading techniques, the reader must expect a decrease in factual comprehension skill. In some situations, it is worth the loss, depending on the readers purpose and the type of material being read.14.Example 1 Key word reading is a new technique. Although it is faster than most of the car

11、eful reading techniques, the reader must expect a decrease in factual comprehension skill. In some situations, it is worth the loss, depending on the readers purpose and the type of material being read.15. Our point here is really very simple: many books are hardly worth even skimming. Some should b

12、e read quickly; and a few should be read at a rate, usually quite slow, that allow for complete comprehension. It is wasteful to read a book slowly that deserves only a fast reading; speed reading skills can help you solve that problem. But this is only one reading problem. Example 216. Our point he

13、re is really very simple: many books are hardly worth even skimming. Some should be read quickly; and a few should be read at a rate, usually quite slow, that allow for complete comprehension. It is wasteful to read a book slowly that deserves only a fast reading; speed reading skills can help you s

14、olve that problem. But this is only one reading problem. Example 217.What Is Key Word Reading?Key word reading involves skipping nonessential words and reading only those words and phrases that carry the primary or core meaning of each sentence.18.Aids to Key Word ReadingUsing sentence structurecore

15、 parts: subject: what the sentence is aboutpredicate: what action occurredobject: who or what received the action19.Aids to Key Word ReadingUsing sentence structure20.Aids to Key Word ReadingUsing sentence structureUsing punctuation21.Aids to Key Word ReadingUsing sentence structureUsing punctuation

16、Using typographical(排版,印刷的) aidsboldface printcolored printitalicscaptalizationunderlining enumberation22.Aids to Key Word ReadingUsing sentence structureUsing punctuationUsing typographical(排版,印刷的) aids23.Aids to Key Word ReadingUsing sentence structureUsing punctuationUsing typographical(排版,印刷的) a

17、idsUsing grammatical structureMany words in English language work very much like glue they stick other, more important words together. These words are usually prepositions, conjunctions, or pronouns. In summary, it seems safe to say that society, on the whole, believes that individuals can control t

18、heir destiny. In summary, it seems safe to say that society, on the whole, believes that individuals can control their destiny. 24.Using Clue WordsE.g. (When to slow down?)Selceting a career to match your interests, skills, and abilities is critically important. However, few students are able to fin

19、d a perfect match. Instead, most students must settle for25.Reading Rate CuesSpeed-Up CuesRepetitious InformationExamplesagain, in other words, that isfor instance, such asSlow-down CuesChange in thoughtSummary Conclusion Emphasishowever, despite, instead ofin summary, for these reasonsto sum up, in

20、 briefin conclusion, thus, therefore most important, it is essential Maintain-Speed CuesContinuation Enumeration (listing)likewise, similarly, in additionFirst, second, next, 1),2)26.Reading In Meaning ClustersFast Reading27ppt课件Introduction Word-by-Word reading is time consuming and, in many cases,

21、 actually detracts from understanding the meaning of a sentence.28.Example:spirits neutral of combination a is Vodkabring to added is water The. water andneutral Since. proof final its to vodka,neutral equally much pretty are spiritsbut subtle for makes that water the is it.differences appreciableTh

22、e following paragraph is written so that you will have to read it from right to left, forcing you to read each word separately.29.What is Clustering?Clustering is the technique of grouping words together. Clustering involves widening your eye span so that you see several words in one fixation.How to

23、 Cluster Read30.How to Cluster Read?To cluster most effectively, however, you should try to group words together that naturally fit or go together.When you group words together in meaning units, you will find that it is easier to understand what you read.By widening your eye span, and thereby reduci

24、ng the number of fixations per line, you are reducing the time it takes to read a line and are increasing your reading rate.31.Examples:(Public libraries provide) (access to a) (world of) (information. But they) (also contribute to the) (preservation of our) (valuable forests. Each) (library saves a

25、) (forest of) (trees by) (making individual) (purchase of books) (and periodicals unnecessary). (Public libraries) (provide access) (to a world) (of information). (But they also) (contribute to the) (preservation of) (our valuable forests). (Each library) (saves a forest) (of trees) (by making) (ind

26、ividual purchase) (of books and periodicals) (unnecessary). 32.Learning to Cluster ReadFor most students, learning to read in cluster requires considerable practice. You may find it takes several weeks of continued practice. To develop the skill, try to read as many things as possible in clusters. B

27、egin by reading easier material in phrases.As you begin cluster reading, you may find that you frequently lapse back into word-by-word reading. This is a natural happening since your attention focuses on the content of the material rather than the technique of reading. Once you realize that you have lapsed into word-to-word reading, just switch back to cluster reading and continue reading.33. When you cluster read, it should feel like this. Your eyes should move and stop, mo