状语从句讲解-高三二轮复习课件

1、状语从句讲解在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。 同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。考核要求定义九种常用的状语从句 时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句 状语从句有九种， 时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不同；主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后，从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗。连词状语从句类型从属连词时间状语从句when，whenever，while，as，before，after，since，till,

2、 until，notuntil, the moment，immediately，no soonerthan，the first/secondtime，instantly， hardlywhen地点状语从句where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere原因状语从句because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)结果状语从句so that, sothat, suchthat条件状语从句if，unless，as long as, suppose，supposing，in case，so far as，provided目的状语从句s

3、o，so that，in order that，for fear that，lest让步状语从句although, though, however (=no matter how), even if, whetheror方式状语从句as，as if，as though比较状语从句asas，not as as，thanIdentify the types of the Adverbial Clauses. 1. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( )2. Where there is a will,

4、there is a way. ( )3. Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （ ）4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( )7. Try as he might,

5、he could not find a job. ( )8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( ) 时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式时间状语从句掌握：1. when / while / as2. before / after / since3. till / until4. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, on doing5. time名词短语时间状语从句-when/while/as

6、When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.The plane had already taken off when I got to the airport.When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.总结：when的用法 1When he was a young man, he was fond of hunting.As a young man, he was fond of hunting.总结：when的用法 2whenever是when的强势语

7、，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。时间状语从句-when/while/asPlease dont talk so loud while others are working.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they thems

8、elves couldnt.While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.Strike while the iron is hot. 总结while用法 1 2 3while 的用法1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对 比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。时间状语从句-when/while/as(3)

9、 若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. (4) 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用 as / when 但不用 while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. (5) 若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用 as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。时间状语从句-when/while/as(6) 若要表示两个正在发展变

10、化的情况，“随着”，用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. As it grew darker, it became colder. (7) when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)；但 as 则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 时间状语从句-when/while/as注意：当使用连接词when表示“这

11、时，突然”时，它所引导的从句中谓语动词用一般现在时或者一般过去时，不能用完成时态；when，while和as都引导表示时间的状语从句，它们的区别在于动作发生的时间顺序。用when时，从句的动作可以与主句的同时发生或先于主句动作发生；用as时从句和主句动作同时发生；用while时从句和主句动作同时发生，也可表示持续一段时间。 * when/while/as 1. _ time went on, things began to change.2.She thought I was talking ahout her daughter,_ ,in fact ,I was talking about

12、my daughter.3. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 4.I was walking along the road _ suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.5. The students sang _ they went along.whenAs whileWhileas一边.一边and then:正在的时候,突然随着.表对比:而表让步:虽然3 常于情态动词 can / could 连用 ：还没来得及就4 befo

13、re表示“以免，不然，趁” Do it before you forget. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. afterIts cloudy. Take an umbrella you regret it. A. but B. and C. after D. before5.before引导的从句在与will, would连用时，有“宁愿也不” 的含义。They would fight to d

14、eath they surrendered(投降) A. before B. after C. since D. becausebefore It will be +一段时间+before从句(does) 要过才能做It will not be +一段时间+before从句 要不了 就能做It was +一段时间+before从句(did)过了做了It was not+一段时间+before从句(did) 没过做了 * afterAfter he finished his work,he left there. He finished his work before he left there

15、. After finishing his work,he left there.: conj&prep.1. It is almost five years we saw each other last timebefore B. since C. after D. when2. That was really a splendid evening .Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.Awhen B. that C. before D. since3. It was some time_we realize the truth.A. when B. u

16、ntil C. since D. before4. It was evening_ we reached the little town of Winchester A. that B. until C.since D. before5. Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock_he arrived home(2005福建)A. before B.when C. that D. untilBDDDB译1.It will be three days before you can open the

17、cover of the jar. 2.It will not be ten years before we meet again. 3.It was ten years before we did the experiment. 4. It was not long before we returned back.5. Before they reached the station, the train had gone.6. We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.7. Before I could get in a word, he had me

18、asured me.时间状语从句-sincesince引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。I have been in Beijing since you left.句型： It is +一段时间since从句延续性动词:反过来翻译短暂性动词:直译It is 10 years since I smoked. (=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking) 自从我不抽烟已有10年了.时间状语从句-sinceIt is five years since Tom began to sm

19、oke.汤姆吸烟有五年了。It is five years since Tom smoked a cigar.汤姆不吸烟有五年了。It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这住有三年了。时间状语从句-till/untiltill和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。注意：如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到才”I didnt go to bed unti

20、l（till） my father came back.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.I worked until he came back.I didnt work until he came back. not until 句型与强调句型结合I didnt go to sleep until he came back.与倒装句式结合It was not until he came back that I went to sleep.Not until he came back

21、did I go to sleep.4.hardly / scarcelywhen, no soonerthan这两个短语都表示刚就，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚出发就想起家来。注意：当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。名词短语引导的时间状语 every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次

22、；下次”等。Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.(1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义。Turn off the lights before you leave. I will tell him as soon as he arrives. (2) 与s

23、ince 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态。He has lived here since 1999. Where have you been since I last saw you? 时间状语从句时态1One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.(2011浙江高考)AafterBwhileCsince Dwhen2He had no sooner finished his speech_the students started cheering.(

24、2011辽宁高考)Asince BasCwhen Dthan3As is reported, it is 100 years_Qinghua University was founded.(2011四川高考)Awhen BbeforeCafter Dsince1. It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that2. It was nearly a month _I received the managers reply. 3. It was n

25、early 9 oclock _I received the managers reply. 4. It was nearly at 9 oclock _I received the managers reply. beforewhenthat考点: 易混淆句型it is + 时间+ since before when thatIt is five years _he finished his research.It was five years _he finished his research.It was five years later _he finished his researc

26、h.It was 5 oclock _ he got home.It was at 5 oclock _ he got home.whenthatsincebeforethat4If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.(2011上海高考)Awhether BafterCthough Duntil5How long will it be _ the professor makes another visit to China?It a

27、ll depends.(2011江苏南通市第一次调研)Auntil BbeforeCsince Dwhen1.Each time I was in trouble, he could come to help me out . 2. It is three years since I smoked a cigar.3.It will be half a year before I come back.4. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 5. Before I could get in a word, he

28、 had measured me .时间状语从句练习题1.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。2.别人在工作时，别高声谈话。3.他匆忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。4.我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。5.那男孩子一见到他妈就放声大哭。 6.我一到家，天就下起雨来。时间状语从句练习题翻译练习7.我在那一直等到他爸爸回来。8.知道你告诉我，我才知道这件事。9.他还没吃饭就去上学了。10.这个工程师还没到火车站前，火车就开走了。11.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面。12.我不吸烟有三年了。条件状语从句1, 连接词：if , unless( ifnot), so/as long as,in case, 2,

29、 注意点：分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气If I were you, I would ask the police for help. 条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。与现在事实相反：If 从句 , 主句 +V原 2)与过去事实相反：If 从句had Ved, 主句 +have Ved3)与将来事实相反：If 从句 , 主句 +V原wereV-edshould (wouldcould, might)should (would could, might)didshouldwere toshould (woul

30、dcould, might)1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果eg. If I were you ,I would go at once.我是你的话，我会马上走。eg. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果eg.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。eg.If

31、I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果eg.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。If it were to snow this evening, they would not

32、 go out .如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。条件状语从句的倒装与倒装句型结合If I were you, I would have a rest.Were I you, I would have a rest. ifIf you work harder,you will succeed. Work harder, and you will succeed. Work harder,or you wont succeed. Working harder,you will succeed. unlessUnless he comes, we wont be able to go.If he d

33、oesnt come, we wont be able to go.:if. not 除非链高考2010山东The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. 学校规则规定：除非有大人的陪伴，否则任何孩子白天都不允许外出学校。【完成例句】 除非被邀请，不然我是不会参加会议的。 I will not attend the meeting unless I am invited. 一旦被发现，他就会被逮捕。 On

34、ce (he was) found, he would be arrested.【结论】(1)常见连词：if / unless / once / as (so) long as / on condition that / provided (providing) that / suppose (supposing) that / say that / Lets say that (2) unless ifnot , 意思是“如果不 / 没有”1He had his camera ready_he saw something that would make a good picture.(201

35、1山东高考)Aeven if Bif onlyCin case Dso that2My students, _ you have a heart loving life, you can always find things that would make you happy each day.(2011郑州六校质量检测)Aas long as Bif onlyCas though Deven though解析：考查连词用法。句意：我的学生们，只要你们有一颗热爱生活的心，你们每天总能发现让你们开心的事情。as long as表示“只要”。后三项分别表示“但愿”“似乎”“即使”，都不符合句意。答

36、案：A3_ children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.(2011河南部分重点中学联考)AIf BThoughCUnless DWhen4Have you got enough members?Carol says she will join us _ the salary meets her expectations.(2011西城4月一模)Auntil BifCthough Dunless翻译练习1.除非你努力学习， 否则你考试会不及格。2.你只要不灰心，就会成功3. 假如他们拒

37、绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？4. 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么啊？地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）和everywhere，anywhere等引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。 1. where 在地方，去地方Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 I found my books where I had left them. 我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You

38、 should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most. 我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。Bamboo grows best where its wet and rainy.竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。Bamboo grows best in places where its wet

39、and rainy.竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。2. wherever 在任何地方，无论哪里Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。判断下列句子类型1. You would let your children play where you can see them.2. You would let your children play in the place where you can see them.3. Youd better make a mark where you have any questi

40、ons.4. Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.1There she was, standing exactly _ I had left her, crying bitterly.(2011郑州六校质量检测)Awhen BthatCwhere Din which2Dad, the company is in trouble now. I want to resign as manager.I advise you to stay in the post. The company needs yo

41、u right _ you are at the critical moment.(2011江西省抚州市适应性测试)Awho BwhatCwhere Din which解析：考查状语从句。where引导地点状语从句。语境：在这关键时刻，公司需要你坚守你现在所在的岗位。答案：C3Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.(2010重庆高考)Awhen BwhereChow Dwhat1. I have been keeping the portrait _ I can see it

42、every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris. A. sinceB. whereC. asD. if2. “_ I live, there are plenty of sheep.”, said the boy _ pride. A. Where; with B. When; inC. That; inD. Why; with地点状语从句练习题3. He seemed to have been asleep, so I said nothing, but sat _ he would see me _ waking. A

43、. whether; whenB. that；whenC. which；whereD. where；when4. You can still find bones of the birds _ they used to live. A. in whichB. in the placeC. whereD. that地点状语从句练习题5. “_ my feet remain standing above the water level, there is hope.” said the captain. A. WhereB. Even ifC. WhileD. Although地点状语从句练习题主

44、要连词：because, as, since, forseeing (that), now (that)considering (that) 原因状语从句1.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.2. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.原

45、因状语从句-because/as/since/for1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。强调句中只用because表示原因。It is becausethat I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. Its because my mum was ill yesterday that I didnt come. 我昨天是因为妈妈生病才没来的。原因状语

46、从句-because/as/since/for3) as和for的区别：通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例：As the weather is cold, I stay at home.I stay at home, for the weather is cold.原因状语从句-because/as/since/for2）如果不是说明直接原因，起补充说明的作用，用for。 He is absent today, for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.原因状语从句-because/as/since

47、/for1Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.(2011江西省部分重点中学第二次联考)Auntil BbutCunless Dfor解析：考查连词。句意：阅读不同于看电视，它是一个(思维)高度活跃的过程，因为它不仅需要专注还需要记忆和想象。由此可知前后是因果关系，因此用for。答案：D2Mum, could I go out to play now?Let me see. Yes, _ you have f

48、inished all your school assignments.(2011苏北第三次调研)Auntil BunlessCwhile Dsince目的状语从句so that/ in order that引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may (might)/ can (could) /should 等连用.I raised my voice so that everyone could hear me.结果状语从句so that/sothat/suchthatI raised my voice, so that everyone heard me.He was so excited tha

49、t he couldnt say a word. She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词;such 在主句中修饰名词【注】在much, many, little, few 这四个词前总是用so而不用such：He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了许多跤，结果全身都是伤。He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his famil

50、y. 他赚的钱很少几乎不能养家糊口。so.that./such.that. 【拓展 ：当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。】He was so clever that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.1.让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while， even if(though)，whatever，whether.or.，no matter who

51、(when，what.)等引导。 链高考2009湖南Although the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him. 尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个，由于他们没有确凿的证据，他们就不能拘留他。 让步状语从句 链高考2010上海However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 不论你的问

52、题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。 链高考2010安徽The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, even if they have the interest. 工程师们很忙，即使他们对户外活动感兴趣，他们也没有时间。All the nations should be equal, whether they are strong or not. 所有的国家都应平等，不管它们是否强大。though/although不能与but连用, 但可与yet或still连用altho

53、ugh 可以放句首， though 可以倒装Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.even if/even though“即使,纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。 Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。 as 倒装句Child as he is , he knows a lot. Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors. as引出的

54、让步状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。as引导的让步状语从句的常见的几种倒装方式：(1)如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词副词”时，常 将从句中的副词提到从句的句首。 Hard as you may try，you will not succeed. 尽管你努力了，你可能不会成功。(2)如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词不及物动词”， 常将这个不及物动词提到从句的句首。 Wait as you may，he will not see you. 尽管你等了，他可能不会见你。(3)如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词单数名词”，则常将 这个作表

55、语的名词提前，但这个名词前面的不定冠词 要省略。 Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他还是个孩子，他能明辨是非。1_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. (2011陕西高考)ASince BWhile CIf DAs 2_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.(2011天津高考)AIf

56、 BAsCAlthough DUnless3No matter how_， it is not necessarily lifeless.(2011辽宁高考)Aa desert may be dry Bdry a desert may be Cmay a desert be dry Ddry may a desert be4Try_she might，Sue couldnt get the door open. (2011新课标全国卷)Aif BwhenCsince Das5She is a crazy fan of this singer. _ she listens to his song

57、s hundreds of times, she will never get tired.(2011潍坊市抽样监测)AIf BAs long asCUnless DEven ifDraw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。方式状语从句as，按照或正如They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。as if/as though好象,似乎 He acted as if nothing had hap

58、pened. 他表现得好像什么也没发生。 链高考2009天津I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. 我像许多住在天津闹市区的商人一样，每天乘坐快速列车到滨海新区上班。1Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever. (2011湖南高考)Aas if Bin case Cw

59、hile Dthough 比 较 状 语 从 句asas not so asthe same assuchasthanHis book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 倍数表达法他们的房子是我们的三倍.Their room is twice bigger than ours.Their room is three times as big as ours.Their room is three times the size of ours.length /h

60、eight/weight/ width翻译练习1.虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。2.即雨下的很大，他们还是继续踢球。3. 虽然他是个孩子，但是他什么都知道。4.不论他做什么都尽量做好。5.他和他跑得一样快。6.每位同学都要照着老师所所的去做。7.她每天早起是为了上学不迟到。使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题 1. 在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2.