高中英语 154Lesson 4 Understanding课件 北师大必修5

1、2021/8/11 星期三1Lesson 4Understanding2021/8/11 星期三22021/8/11 星期三3.短语翻译把下列短语译成英语。1习惯于_2赞成，赞许 _3倾向于，经常做 _4总的来说 _5算出来，可以解决 _6以为基础 _7提出 _2021/8/11 星期三48把某人投进监狱 _9换句话说 _10对有益 _答案：1.be/get accustomed to2.approve of3.tend to4as a whole5.work out6.be based on7.put forward8.put sb.in prison9.in other words10.b

2、e beneficial to2021/8/11 星期三5.课文理解阅读文章The Importance of Lifelong Learning，选择正确答案。11What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding?ATo find answers.BTo study the facts.CTo test answers. DTo put forward questions.解析：根据第一段“To start with.Then.After that.”等描述可以看出，获取知识和理解的第一步是“提出问题”。答案：D202

3、1/8/11 星期三612Who solve/solved problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage?APeople nowadays.BPeople in the 17th century.CModern scientists and thinkers.DThe great philosopher Aristotle.解析：从第一段最后可知，现代科学家和思想家仍然通过思考和分析解决问题。答案：C2021/8/11 星期三713People in the 17th century didnt believe Gali

4、leo Galilei because_.Athey believed more in religionBthe Earth was standing stillCBacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universeDGalilei couldnt prove his view that the Earth was not the center of the universe解析：从第二段中间可知，那时人们相信宗教而不相信事实，所以答案为A项。答案：A2021/8/11 星期三814Whats

5、the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph?AAristotle was wrong.BIts unbelievable for great men to be wrong.CGalilei was wrong.DEveryone can be wrong at times.解析：作者在第四段提到两个人都犯过错误，目的在于说明人人都有可能犯错误。答案：D2021/8/11 星期三915Whats the main idea of the sentence “Al

6、l truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？AAll truths are easy to discover.BIts most important to discover truths.CIts more important to understand truths than to discover them.DIf we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.解析：文章最后伽利略的话旨

7、在说明发现真理是最重要的，“一旦发现了真理，理解就容易了”。答案：B2021/8/11 星期三102021/8/11 星期三11 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. (教材P42)我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎很显而易见。归纳acquire vt.获得，得到She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语掌握得非常好。He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他落得了奸诈的名声。2021/8/11 星期三12

8、比较：acquire，obtain与gainacquire多用于通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取知识、技术等较抽象的东西。obtain表示经过相当长的时间或很大的努力而获得期望已久的东西。gain含义较obtain更进一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获得，常意为“赢得”。2021/8/11 星期三13应用1.用gain，acquire与obtain的适当形式填空(1)He_his living as a teacher.(2)You must work hard to_a good command of English.(3)I havent been able to_that record anyw

9、here.答案：(1)gained(2)acquire(3)obtain2021/8/11 星期三14Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine.(教材P42)尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎打进几个关键词归纳be/get accustomed to习惯于My eyes slowly were accustomed to the dark.我的眼睛逐渐适应了黑暗。提示：be accustomed to 中的to为介词，后面跟动词的ing形式与be used to用法相同。

10、I am not accustomed to walking long distances.我不习惯于长距离的步行。2021/8/11 星期三15应用2.单句改错(1)She was a person accustomed to have eight hourssleep a night._(2)He was accustomed for sleeping for an hour after his lunch._答案：(1)havehaving(2)第一个for改为to2021/8/11 星期三16However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon

11、suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against the views of the day.(教材P42)然而，在17世纪，在弗兰西斯培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的方式时，他背离了当时的观念。归纳however adv.然而；不过(常和逗号连用，于but同义。)He hasnt arrived.He may，however，come later.他还未到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。拓展however adv.(no matter how)无论到什么程度，不管多少The

12、little girl always arrives on time however cold it is.无论天有多冷，小女孩总是按时到达。2021/8/11 星期三17提示：go against违背；反对；对不利He wouldnt go against his parentswishes.他不会违背父母的意愿。The situation is going against us.局势对我们不利。应用3.完成句子他的做法违背自然法则。The way he did it_the rule of nature.答案：goes against2021/8/11 星期三18 .and people

13、like Galileo Galilei(15641642)，who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(教材P42)像伽利略这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常会被教会惩罚而没有人为他们辩护。归纳句中的with no one coming to their defence是“with宾语宾补”的复合结构作状语，其中c

14、oming.是现在分词作宾补。With the years passing，his hair became white.随着时光流逝，他的头发变白了。2021/8/11 星期三19拓展常见的with复合结构有以下几种形式：withsb./sth.doing sth.：doing sth.与sb./sth.是主谓关系，表主动动作在持续中。withsb./sth.to do：to do与sb./sth.是主谓关系，表主动，也可以是主动表被动。动作尚未发生。withsb./sth.v.ed：v.ed与sb./sth.是动宾关系，表被动或动作已完成。withsb./sth.n./adj./adv./介

15、词短语，表示宾语sb./sth.处于某种状态。2021/8/11 星期三20I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.有这么多碗碟要洗，我不能出去。He lay in bed with his head covered.他蒙着头躺在床上。With John away，weve got more room.约翰离开后我们有了更大的空间。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕在胳膊上睡着了。2021/8/11 星期三21应用4.动词形式填空It was a pity that the great writ

16、er died with his works _ (finish)答案：unfinished2021/8/11 星期三22 The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.(教材P42)教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。归纳tend to趋向于；经常做Women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男人长寿。Modern c

17、amera design tends to simplicity.现代相机设计得越来越简单。2021/8/11 星期三23拓展tend to 可以表示“照料；护理”的意思。She has two patients to tend to.她有两个病人要看护。提示：ignore vt.不顾，忽视It would be a mistake to ignore their advice.无视他们的忠告将是错误的。It is not a question that can be ignored.这不是个可以忽视的问题。2021/8/11 星期三24应用5.完成句子It is impolite_(不顾客人

18、) at table.答案：to ignore guests2021/8/11 星期三25 At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，.(教材P42)起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，2021/8/11 星期三26He urged on us the necessity of patience.他对我们强调忍耐是必要的。The report urged that all children be taught to swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。比较：urge与encourage(1)u

19、rge指用力驱使向前，犹如用鞭策马一样。He urged his horse along with whip and spurs.他用马鞭和马刺策马前进。(2)encourage指对于意志薄弱的人加以鼓励。My teacher encouraged me to do so.我的老师鼓励我这样做。2021/8/11 星期三27提示：approve vt.批准，通过approve of赞成，赞许The course is approved by the Department for Education.课程已获教育部核准。2021/8/11 星期三28应用6.I was greatly_by th

20、e masters inspiring speech.AencouragedBurgedCencouraging Durging答案：A2021/8/11 星期三29 But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.(教材P43)但是既使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。归纳at times有时，不时(sometimes)At times I rid

21、e to the countryside to relax myself.有时我骑车去乡下放松一下自己。We hold a small party at times.有时我们会举办一个小型聚会。2021/8/11 星期三30拓展time的相关短语：at one time曾经at a time一次at all time一直at no time决不in no time立即，马上Because of his strict father，he left home at one time.由于他严厉的父亲，他曾一度离家出去。提示：at no time放在句首时，句子用部分倒装，同样用法的还有in no

22、case，by no means，under/in no circumstances等。At no time will I give up.我决不放弃。2021/8/11 星期三31应用7.When can I use your computer?Never！_should you touch it.AAt no time BAt timesCAt one time DIn no time答案：A2021/8/11 星期三32 In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We

23、know it all”(教材P43)换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的东西，谁也不能自信地说：“我都知道”。归纳in other words换句话说、也就是说They asked him to leavein other words he was fired.他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。2021/8/11 星期三33拓展word构成的其他常见短语：by word of mouth口头上，经口述have a word in sb.s ear与说私话，与密谈in a word简言之；一句话；总之word for word一字不差地in word口头上(与in deed“行动上”相对)“Wo

24、uld you like to help us？”“你愿意帮助我们吗？”“In a word，no.”“一句话，不愿意。”2021/8/11 星期三34应用8.完成句子When you read a passage，you neednt translate every sentence_(逐字地)答案：word for word2021/8/11 星期三35 Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？(教材P43)为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？归纳assume vt.假定；假设n.to

25、be以为是If hes not here in five minutes，well assume that he isnt coming.如果他五分钟之内不来，我们将假定他不来了。Assuming it rains tomorrow，what will we do?假设明天下雨，我们该做什么呢？I had assumed him (to be) an American.我原以为他是美国人。2021/8/11 星期三36比较：assume与guessassume假定，设想，认为，指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。guess猜测，猜想，为最常用词，

26、指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。应用9.用assume与guess的适当形式填空(1)Can you_the price?(2)I didnt see your car，so I_you have gone out.答案：(1)guess(2)assumed2021/8/11 星期三37These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the

27、money in the world.(教材P43)他们懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有人说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。归纳be beneficial to对有益beneficial adj.有用的；有益的Sunshine is beneficial to plants.阳光对植物有益。The manager has signed a contract that is beneficial to our company.经理已经签订了一项对我们公司有利的合同。2021/8/11 星期三38拓展benefit v有益，获益，n.利益benefit sb.对某人有益be

28、nefit from从中获益be of benefit to sb.对有益What he said will benefit us in many ways.他说的话在许多方面对我们有益。2021/8/11 星期三39应用10.完成句子Ill never forget the activity_(从中我受益许多)答案：from which I benefited a lot 2021/8/11 星期三402021/8/11 星期三41.介词或副词填空根据句意，用合适的介词或副词填空。1You have no right to say anything on our business，to st

29、art_.答案：with2Public opinions are going _him and he may fail _the election.答案：against；in2021/8/11 星期三423He puts_a constructive suggestion and we all hope it will work.答案：forward4I dont believe_the myth of love at the first sight.答案：in5He is not at all exciting；_fact it is really rather common place.答案：