高中英语 英语基本句型及成分课件 新人教必修1

1、2021/8/11 星期三1基本句型高二政治针对高一学生2021/8/11 星期三2英语句子的种类中文思维导致的段落结构问题2021/8/11 星期三3英语句子的种类简单句 (The simple sentence)并列句 (The compound sentence)复合句 (The complex sentence)2021/8/11 星期三4巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age

2、of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.2021/8/11 星期三51 主系表结构 主语+系动词+表语2.主谓结构 主语+不及物的谓语动词3.主谓宾结构 主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语4 双宾语结构 主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5 复合宾语结构 主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语6There be 句型 there+be+主语+状语Eg. The girl is beautiful.My

3、 grandfather gets up early in the morning.I wrote a letter last night. I gave you a book.The sun keeps us warm. .There are 60 students in our class.2021/8/11 星期三6英语基本句型-1主系表结构 本结构是由 主语+系动词+表语 组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的 rema

4、in, stay, keep, 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow; 2021/8/11 星期三7Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.2021/8/11 星期三85他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思He is out

5、of work. The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting2021/8/11 星期三91. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型的几个特例：2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is

6、 not easy for them to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.2021/8/11 星期三102主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by a

7、ir or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.2021/8/11 星期三11巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening. 2会议将持续两个小时。 The

8、 meeting will last two hours.3在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 2021/8/11 星期三1241919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5每天八时开始上课。 Classes begin at eight every day. 6这个箱子重五公斤。This box weighs five kilos. 202

9、1/8/11 星期三138秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.2021/8/11 星期三14英语基本句型-3 主谓宾结构 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1. Tom made a

10、hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.2021/8/11 星期三15巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。I wrote a letter last night. 2今天下午我想同你谈谈

11、。I want to talk with you this afternoon 3这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times. 4他们成功地完成了计划They have carried out the plan successfully. 2021/8/11 星期三165那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7Jim 还不会

12、自己穿衣服。 cannot dress Jim himself 8 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？Do you mind my opening the window? 2021/8/11 星期三17英语基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语

13、（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find

14、, get, make, order, sing, save, 等。2021/8/11 星期三18巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 .Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ .Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4他把车票给列车员看。.He showed the ticket to the conductor2021/8/11 星期三1

15、95我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi? 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.2021/8/11 星期三20英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的

16、有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.2021/8/11 星

17、期三21巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7我们不会让她在晚上外出的8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear h

18、im read English aloud. We wont let her go out at night. We wont let her go out at night. 2021/8/11 星期三229那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I ha

19、ve never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 2021/8/11 星期三23英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关

20、系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.2021/8/11 星期三24 Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there w

21、as/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 2021/8/11 星期三25巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大

22、风。 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 6恰好那时房里没人。 7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 8公共汽车来了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 10铃响了。 2021/8/11 星期三261.There was only a well in the village. 2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4.The light is on. The

23、re must be someone in the office. 5.There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6.There happened to be nobody in the room. 7.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 8.There comes the bus. 9.There remained only twenty eight dollars.10.There goes the bell. 2021/8/11 星期三27 1. I t

24、urned on the TV. We began to watch it. 2. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. 并列句并列句I turned on the TV and we began to watch it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句2021/8/11 星期三28阅读下列各组句子,填入适当的并列连词.1.She tried hard,_she was unsuccessful.2.Put on more clothes,_you may c

25、atch cold.butor2021/8/11 星期三294.In the old days,he could_ read _write.5.How great he is!He can_ read French _speak it well.6.He knew nothing about the man,_ he didnt trust him.neithernorbothandso2021/8/11 星期三30请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behind his mother.H

26、e was afraid of the dog.He was tired, so he went to bed.The child hid behind his mother, for he was afraid of the dog.2021/8/11 星期三313.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but he didnt keep it. 4.Mary is opening the door.John is greeting her guests.Mary is opening the door,and John

27、is greeting her guests.2021/8/11 星期三32请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2021/8/11 星期三33 各种状语从句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it. The moment we reached the farm, we got down to har

28、vesting. So long as we work harder at our lessons, well catch up sooner or later. Do call me before hand so that I can meet you at the airport. They had to wait because the rain was getting more and more heavily. 2021/8/11 星期三34 定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can fin

29、d much useful information. Lets come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library. 各种名词性从句 e.g. Thats what I should do. We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.2021/8/11 星期三35中文思维对英文遣词造句的干扰1. Good good study , day day up .2. Zhang Hang studies in Shanx

30、i Province ,Xian city, Hongqi Middle School .3. Lipin has 5 classes in the morning ,afternoon has 2 classes .4.Our country has taken place great changes .5 .Her age is young . 正:Study hard and youll make progress every day._Hongqi Middle School, Xian city, Shanxi Province _and 2 in the afternoon 正:

31、Great changes have taken place in our country .She is young . T or F:2021/8/11 星期三36 中文式表达是中国学生写作中最常见的问题，同时也是最难解决的问题。这些中文式的表达没有语法、句法错误，但就是不符合英文的表达习惯。这是中、西方思维差异带来的语言表达上的差异。因此，要发现这些中式英文并有效地加以修改，从而写出地道的英文作文，考生一定首先要了解中、西思维方式的差异，知道英文的习惯表达是什么样的. 这些文化差异的知识需要大家读一些相关的文章来理解，更需要大家平时通过读原汁原味的英文来体会和模仿。下面介绍一些最基本的差

32、异供大家参考。 一、 中文表达习惯导致的搭配错误和问题英文表达中有一些习惯的搭配，如果不知道其用法，直接从中文字对字地翻译成英文就造成搭配错考生在平时的阅读中应该留意积累英文中这些的搭配并加以记忆，这样在写作中才能表达地道。2021/8/11 星期三371. 主谓搭配错误例：Inrecentyears，peoplewhohave private cars have increased -, the number of people who have -. My study is very busy lately。Im very busy with my study lately.2动宾搭配问题

33、 考生在动宾搭配方面常常出现两个问题。第一，搭配有误。这还是由于不熟悉固定搭配，从中文表达字对字翻译造成的。第二，更多情况下，考生找不到合适的动词时，总是依赖一些所谓的 “万能动词”，如 make，take，bring，help，have等等，这样的表达不够精确。 2021/8/11 星期三38因此，考生在平时的英语学习中要注意积累动宾搭配，如：enrich knowledge，broaden ones horizon，to better ones life，to sharpen ones skills等等。这样考场上写作时才能表达自如确切.例： We can learn more knowl

34、edge with the help of Internetobtain/ gain knowledge二、中文句法导致的英语句法错误1. Smoke is harmful to our heath .2. Watch TV can broaden our horizon3. I take a part-time job help me make some money4. There are 30 students sit in the examination .SmokingWatching TVI make some money by taking a part-time job .sit

35、ting _2021/8/11 星期三39三、中文思维导致的中文式句子 汉语是自然语序，即思维和语言自然合拍，句子的语序基本反映了思想的过程：见到什么就先说什么，叙事是按时间发生顺序。句子习惯在开头从侧面说明外围环境，如时间、地点、原因、条件等，最后画龙点睛，点出重要信息、下结沦、表态度。汉语多用短语或简单句，句式中心在后。汉语中大量句子采用兼动式或连动式结构，动词较多。 英语恰好相反，说话人在说话前先把要表达的信息组织一下，一般强调什么先说什么，习惯把主要信息置于头，即把最重要的事，如态度、观点、结论放在句首直截了当先说出，然后再将其他信息如理由、事实、原因、例证等补充进来。因此英语复合句较多，句子结构多为重心在前，句子呈线性，即以主谓宾为核心，首先安排主要内容，然后借助连词、短语、从句进行扩展，使句子成分有效地结合起来。 2021/8/11 星期三40通常一个英语单句或从句仅有一个或几个并列动词充当谓语，其他动作的意义则用其他类词，如非谓语动词、名词化结构、介词、副词等充当其他成分来表示。如：After so many years of isolation，I have nowreceived your letter，so I am very gladI am very glad to have recei