高中英语选择性必修二 07 Unit 3 Section A Reading and Thinking-2020-2021学年课时同步练（解析版）

1、Unit 3 Food and culture3.1 Reading and ThinkingI.阅读理解1Why do you think people who live in some hot countries eat very spicy(辛辣的)food? Is it because the spices make the food taste better? Is it just because their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents liked hot food，or is there some connecti

2、on between spices and healthy food?Researchers from Cornell University think that it is because spice plants have some important chemicals. These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spoil food. “Most common spices can kill 75 to 100 percent of the bacteria in food，”explains one of the scientists. T

3、he bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures. For this reason，it is more difficult to keep food from spoiling in hot climates.Do you like your food spicy? Your answer probably tells something about the country you come from. If you like spicy food，it is possible th

4、at hundreds of years ago，when there were no fridges，people in your country started using spices to keep the food from spoiling. The traditional spicy dishes helped those people to live longer，healthier lives. Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the food taste good. 1. The chemicals in sp

5、ices keep food from spoiling by_. A. making food taste betterB. making food hotterC. preventing bacteria getting into foodD. killing bacteria in food2. Food goes bad more quickly in hot climates because_. A. cold temperature makes bacteriaB. bacteria get used to hot foodC. high temperature helps bac

6、teria grow fasterD. bacteria spoil food only at high temperature3. According to the passage，spices are useful in the following things except_. A. helping you to live longerB. helping to keep you healthierC. making your food taste betterD. replacing fridges【答案】1. D2. C3. D【分析】试题分析: 解析文章讲的是为什么人们喜欢吃辛辣的

7、食物的原因1. D考查细节理解题，根据第二段提到These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spoil food可知它们可以杀死食物中的细菌，故选D项。2. C 考查细节理解题。根据第二段提到The bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures可知气温越高细菌越容易越快生长，从而导致食物的变质，故选C项。3. D 考查细节理解题。根据最后一段提到Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the

8、 food taste good今天把辛辣的食物放在冰箱，只是让食物更好今天，在冰箱的时代，辣椒只是为了让食物更好吃，故选D项。2Up to 40% of all food in the United States is wasted. Producing food that people dont consume swallows up roughly 20% of Americas cropland and agricultural water, and produces greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) equal to 37 million passenger

9、 vehicles each year. Yet, 37 million Americans lack consistent access to adequate and nutritious food.NRDCs Food Matters Initiative partners cities to confront food waste. Food Matters is piloting all-round, cutting-edge strategies that are easy to follow and share. The first two strategies-and argu

10、ably the most critical ones-are to estimate a local baseline level of food waste and then assess the potential for rescuing surplus food. A baseline is necessary in order to understand the scale and natural of the problem. It is also a prerequisite(先决条件) to assessing any progress made, which will he

11、lp inform future program development.Using a calculator tool NRDC developed based on the Food Matters research models ,the Atlantas Mayors Office of Resilience had a better understanding of the qualities of wasted food and where it was likely occurring. This allowed the city to focus the attention o

12、n the solutions that were more closely related to the situation in Atlanta.As in many cities across the U.S., much of the food wasted in Atlanta occurs in households and consumer-facing businesses such as restaurants. Armed with this information, the Mayors Office of Resilience, creates a restaurant

13、 challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction, rescue, and recycling. After 90 days and participation from 6 restaurants at Atlantas Hartsfield Jackson airport, the program rescue 21,000 meals and saved owners over $62000.Atlantas restaurant challenge is one of a handf

14、ul of examples where cities have engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste. New York led the charge with a Mayors challenge to restaurants .Denver recently completed a series of neighborhood restaurant challenges. Nashville has an ongoing Mayors Food Saver Challenge incl

15、uding not just restaurants but other food businesses as well. Several other cities and countries throughout the country have similar business engagement success stories.4. What are the data mainly about in paragraph 1? A. the harm of food wasteB. the cause of food pollutionC. the importance of food

16、safetyD. the solution to food waste.5. How does Atlanta benefit from the calculator tool of NRDC?A. It makes new plans for banning food wasteB. It helps the city better work on the solutions.C. It tests the work efficiency of the governmentD. It increases the potential for recycling food waste.6. Wh

17、at is the restaurant challenge mainly about?A. Inspiring customers to order food based on actual needB. Teaching waiters to deal with food waste in the greener way.C. Encouraging restaurants to reduce food waste in every process .D. Making restaurants compete with each other in waste recycling.7. Wh

18、at can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Restaurant challenges only work in AmericaB. More and more cities are focusing on food waste .C. Food businesses are the main sources of food waste .D. It is difficult to complete the restaurant challenges.【答案】4. A5. B6. C7. B【分析】本文是说明文。在美国，高达40%的食物被浪费了。文章介

19、绍了美国一些城市为应对食品浪费所作出的努力。4. 推理判断题。文章第一段中提到一系列的数据“高达40%的食物被浪费了。生产并不吃的粮食消耗了大约20%的农作物耕地和农业用水，产生的温室气体排放物等于3700万车辆一年的排放量。而另一方面，3700万美国人并不能持续获得充足和有营养的食物。”由此可知，这些数据是说明食物浪费造成的损失。故选A项。5. 细节理解题。文章第二段中提到“the Atlantas Mayors Office of Resilience had a better understanding of the qualities of wasted food and where

20、it was likely occurring. This allowed the city to focus the attention on the solutions that were more closely related to the situation in Atlanta.”；根据其中的“focus the attention on the solutions”可知，亚特兰大市通过使用NRDC的计算器工具，对浪费食物的性质和可能发生的地点有更好的了解，这有助于该市更好地解决问题。 故选B项。6. 细节理解题。文章第四段中提到“the Mayors Office of Resi

21、lience, creates a restaurant challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction, rescue, and recycling.（市长办公室创造了一个餐馆挑战，鼓励餐馆在整个系统中减少，防止浪费和回收。）”。由此可知，餐馆挑战主要是鼓励餐馆在整个过程中减少食物浪费。故选C项。7. 推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Atlantas restaurant challenge is one of a handful of examples where cities have

22、 engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste.（亚特兰的餐厅挑战是吸引面向消费者的食品企业减少食物浪费的少数几个城市的例子之一。）”，下文提到New York、Denver、Nashville以及Several other cities and countries等城市成功的做法，说明越来越多的城市致力于减少食物浪费。故选B项。3Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an

23、apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animal

24、s use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of ba

25、mboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small a

26、nimals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overwe

27、ight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.8. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _.A. depend on one sense in choosing

28、 foodB. are not satisfied with their foodC. choose food in similar waysD. eat entirely different food9. Which of the following eats only one type of food?A. A white butterfly.B. A small bird.C. The bear.D. The fox.10. Certain animals change their choice of food when _.A. the season changesB. the foo

29、d color changesC. they move to different placesD. they are attracted by different smells11. We can learn from the last paragraph that _.A. food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet12. What wi

30、ll most probably be talked about in the next paragraph?A. Why choosing the right food is important.B. How to choose the right food.C. The right amount of food for a person.D. Vegetables matter more than meat and sugar.【答案】8. C9. A10. A11. D12. B【分析】试题分析：文章大意：本文主要描述动物和人识别食物的方法以及动物和人不同的饮食习惯。8. C 推理题。根

31、据第一段第一、二句Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans.可以知道人和动物在选择食物方面具有相似的方法。故C正确。9. A 细节题。根据文章第二段中A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden一种白蝴蝶只吃白菜的叶子，故A正确。10. A 细节题。根据文章第二段最后一句The diet of t

32、hese animals will be different depending on the season.可以知道动物的饮食是随季节而改变的。故A正确。11. D 推理题。根据文章最后一段We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us及举例法国和英国人的饮食习惯，可以推测一些人是不在乎健康的饮食习惯，故D正确。12. B推理题。本文最后一段主要讲述不良的饮食习惯，故可以推测出下面一段可能会讲述如何选择正确的食物，养成良好的饮食习惯。故B正确。II.七选五The Slow Food Movement

33、 started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food, we want slow food!”13. One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didnt taste th

34、e same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo.Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon b

35、ecame the Slow Food Movement. 14. First, what is good food? Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasnt been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. 15. Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and

36、taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different.Second, food should be clean. Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm

37、the natural environment around farms. 16. Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.And third, food should be fair. 17. All people should be able to purchase healthy food. The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, h

38、ealthy conditions.A. Food should not cost too much money.B. Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people.C. Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.D. That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.E.It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.F.To

39、day the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.G.This event wasnt the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.【答案】13. G14. B15. E 16C17. A【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了慢食运动的起源以及理念。13. 上文提到，当新的麦当劳在美丽的历史名胜附近开业时，有些人站在餐厅外面大喊：“我们不想要快餐，我们想要慢食！” G项承接上文，“这一活动并不是开始慢食运动的唯一原因。”后句，再举一例，去餐馆吃传统大餐。但是食物的味道和

40、他记忆中的不一样了。可知，G项可以起到承上启下的作用，切题。故选G项。14. 根据上文可知，成立了一个小组来鼓励希望人们关心他们的食物来自哪里，以及他们的食物如何使他们的文化与众不同。并很快变成了慢食运动。后文分别解释了“have good, clean, fair food for all people.”。所以此空应为提出慢食运动的目标“它的目标是为所有人提供良好、干净、公平的食物。”B项可以与下文构成总分结构，故选B项。15. 根据上句“Good food is seasonable. ” 好的食物是时令的。“它应该生长在一年中最适合这种食物的时间。”可以对上句“好的食物是时令的”做出解

41、释说明。E项切题。故选E项。16. 上一句提到“化学物质也会损害农场周围的自然环境。”后文“清洁食品是指不会伤害我们的身体或环境的食品。”后文可以总结前文，所以此空应为化学物质伤害我们的身体。C项“随着时间的流逝，它们也可能导致人们的健康问题。”符合文章的分总结构。故选C项。17. 上句“食物应该公平”，后文“所有的人都应该能够购买健康食品”。A项“食物不应该花太多钱”解释了食物应该公平的含义，同时为后句“所有人都应该能够购买健康食品。”做铺垫。故选A项。III.完形填空Teaching your children healthy eating is important so they hav

42、e a good relationship with food. Children who 18 too much of the wrong types of foods are at 19 risk of health conditions like fatness, heart disease and cancer. 20 all the ads for junk food, it can be hard to keep your child eating healthily. 21 , there are ways you can employ to 22 children achiev

43、e this goal.Serve your child mainly 23 snacks, such as fruits and vegetables or wholegrain biscuits and cheese. Keep healthy snacks 24 by placing them on low shelves in the fridge or in the cabinets so your children can 25 them when hungry.If you dont 26 your child to eat a particular food, keep it

44、out of the 27 . She/He cant eat foods that arent 28 . Make less unhealthy foods-something you eat 29 . This will limit the 30 of junk food your child can eat.Dont 31 junk food as a trading tool. 32 children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods 33 makes thi

45、s food more appealing and healthier foods less attractive, so 34 non-food rewards (奖励).Children learn by 35 what you do. In my opinion, 36 you dont want your child to eat too much junk food, model healthy eating and 37 eating a lot of junk food yourself. Allow children to help pick out new, healthy

46、foods for snacks.18. A. eatB. wasteC. haveD. make19. A. lowerB. betterC. higherD. bigger20. A. OverB. WithC. AfterD. On21. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. FormallyD. Finally22. A. orderB. seeC. helpD. protect23. A. unhealthyB. simpleC. poorD. healthy24. A. accessibleB. readyC. preparedD. nearby25. A. cookB

47、. reachC. arriveD. afford26. A. hopeB. wantC. adviseD. promise27. A. houseB. placeC. schoolD. yard28. A. hereB. thereC. overD. out29. A. immediatelyB. alwaysC. honestlyD. rarely30. A. qualityB. characterC. amountD. shape31. A. seeB. useC. getD. give32. A. ProvidingB. RewardingC. SharingD. Filling33.

48、 A. onlyB. alsoC. evenD. ever34. A. chooseB. buyC. exchangeD. demand35. A. rememberingB. delayingC. watchingD. imagining36. A. onceB. ifC. thoughD. as37. A. preventB. keepC. avoidD. ban【答案】18. A19. C20. B21. B22. C23. D24. A25. B26. B27. A28. B29. D30. C31. B32. B33. A34. A35. C36. B37. C【分析】这是一篇说明文

49、。文章主要介绍了培养孩子健康饮食的原因和方法。18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吃了太多不该吃的食物的孩子有更高的健康风险。A. eat吃；B. waste浪费；C. have有；D. make制作。根据Teaching your children healthy eating is important so they have a good relationship with food.及下文可知，整个文章都有孩子的吃有关。故选A。19. 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：吃了太多不该吃的食物的孩子有更高的健康风险。A. lower更低的；B. better更好的的；C. higher更高的；D

50、. bigger更大的。根据like fatness, heart disease and cancer.可知，吃太多不健康的食物，有更高的健康风险，比如肥胖、心脏病和癌症。故选C。20. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：有那么多垃圾食品的广告，很难让你的孩子吃得健康。A. Over穿越；B. With带有；C. After之后；D. On在.上面。介词with，表示“带着；具有 ”之意。故选B。21. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可以通过一些方法来帮助孩子们实现这个目标。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Formally正式地；D. Finally最终。分析前后句可知

51、，这里为转折关系。故选B。22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可以通过一些方法来帮助孩子们实现这个目标。A. order命令；B. see看；C. help帮助；D. protect保护。由下文提出的方法可知，这些方法能够孩子们实现这个目标。故选C。23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为你的孩子提供健康的零食，如水果和蔬菜或全麦饼干和奶酪。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. simple简单的；C. poor穷的；D. healthy健康的。根据such as fruits and vegetables or wholegrain biscuits and cheese.所列举的食物，可

52、知都是健康的零食。故选D。24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把健康的零食放在冰箱或橱柜的低架子上，这样孩子们饿的时候就能够得着。A. accessible可得到的；B. ready准备的；C. prepared准备好的；D. nearby附近的。根据by placing them on low shelves in the fridge or in the cabinets可知，放在低处的目的是为了让孩子容易拿到。故选A。25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把健康的零食放在冰箱或橱柜的低架子上，这样孩子们饿的时候就能够得着。A. cook做饭；B. reach（伸手）触及；C. arrive到达；

53、D. afford付得起。孩子饿的时候就可以够到食物，动词reach表示“伸出（手）够到”之意。故选B。26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃某种特定的食物，把它放在屋外。A. hope希望；B. want想要；C. advise建议；D. promise答应。根据keep it out of the .可知，是不想要让孩子吃某种特定的食物。故选B。27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃某种特定的食物，把它放在屋外。A. house房子；B. place地方；C. school学校；D. yard院子。根据She/He cant eat foods that a

54、rent.可知，屋子里没有的食物，孩子是吃不到的。故选A。28. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她/他不能吃那里没有的食物。A. here这儿；B. there那儿；C. over穿过；D. out出来。这里指屋子里，所以用副词there。故选B。29. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：少做不健康的食物那些你很少吃的东西。A. immediately立即；B. always总是；C. honestly诚实地；D. rarely很少。根据Make less unhealthy foods可知，父母很少吃的东西，孩子也会少吃。故选D。30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将限制你的孩子可以吃的垃圾食品的数量。A.

55、quality 质量；B. character角色；C. amount数量；D. shape形状。根据前句Make less unhealthy foods-something you eat.可知，少做不健康的食物，孩子吃的垃圾食品的数量就会减少。故选C。31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要把垃圾食品当作交易工具。A. see看见；B. use使用；C. get得到；D. give给予。结合句意可知，这里用短语use as 把当成。故选B。32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：奖励孩子垃圾食品，或者为了让他们吃更健康的食物，用它来取悦孩子。A. Providing提供；B. Rewarding 奖

56、励；C. Sharing分享；D. Filling装满。根据前句Dont.junk food as a trading tool.可知，这里指为了奖励孩子，把垃圾食品当作交易工具。故选B。33. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：只会让这些食物更有吸引力和让健康的食物更不具有吸引力。A. only只有；B. also也；C. even甚至；D. ever曾经。根据.children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods可知，这样做的结果，只会带来不好的后果。故选A。34. 考查动词

57、词义辨析。句意：所以选择非食物的奖励。A. choose选择；B. buy买；C. exchange交换；D. demand要求。根据前句. children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods.makes this food more appealing and healthier foods less attractive可知，要选择非食物来奖励孩子。故选A。35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子通过观察你所做的来学习事物。A. remembering记得；B. de

58、laying延迟；C. watching观看；D. imagining想象。根据常识可知，孩子往往会观察和模仿父母的行为。故选C。36. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做个健康饮食的榜样，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。A. once一旦；B. if如果；C. though尽管；D. as因为。根据前后句意可知，本句为if引导的条件状语从句。故选B。37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做个健康饮食的榜样，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。A. prevent阻止；B. keep保持；C. avoid避免；D. ban禁止。In my opinion, _19_ you dont want your child to eat too much junk food, model healthy eating可知，父母要做好健康饮食的模范，避免自己吃太多