高中英语专题 Unit 1 Back to school Ⅲ　Grammar and usage

1、 Section Grammar and usage.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1He found he was now their main focus(焦点) of attention.2It is important to get even these small details(细节) right.3The story is based(基于) on a lot of historical facts.4The cat was black except for a patch of white on the very tip of its tail.5People li

2、ke taking photos because photos are the witness of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1tip n指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费tipper n给小费者2base vt.以为基础(依据) n根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营based adj.(以某事)为基础(或根据)baseless adj.无根据的3remind vt.提醒；使想起reminder n令人回忆起某事的东西4detail n细节；具体情况 detailed adj

3、.详细的；细致的.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1as a result of由于2stick to 坚持；固守；维持3pay attention to 注意4come true 实现5live a happy life 过幸福生活6(be) based on 基于，以为基础7give up 放弃.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Whatever happens，well stick to our promise.2This novel is based on the family history of the writer.3We should pay attention to this

4、from the very beginning.4When did mans dream of flying into the sky come true?5Though the girls leg was cut out as a result of the earthquake，she was not disappointed.eq avs4al(寻规律、巧记忆)v. (e)d adj.v. up动词短语addicted adj.上瘾的bored adj.厌烦的delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续clean up 清出，收拾干净give up 放

5、弃，戒除 focus n焦点；重点v.集中；聚焦(教材P6)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标能让你生活中有专注对象。(1)focus on 集中精力做focus/fix ones attention on sth. 把注意力集中到(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点(2019全国卷)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.教练能

6、够集中精力抓孩子们的训练，其余的家长们也为免除了下个赛季的烦恼而感到宽慰。It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.这是会议上关注的主要焦点。They focus on keeping(keep) their soil rich and free of disease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。They focused all their attention on finding a solution to the problem.他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。 as a result of 由于；因为(教材P6)As

7、 a result of your action，your dream will come true and hopefully，you will live a happy life.由于你的行动，你的梦想会成真，满怀希望地，你会过上幸福的生活。(1)result n结果as a result 结果；因此without result 徒劳；毫无结果(2)result vi. 发生；产生result from 是由造成的result in(lead to) 导致；造成As a result I totally changed my shape.因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。The condit

8、ions are poor; as a result，the workers left.The workers left as a result of the poor conditions.由于条件太差，工人们离开了。Let us hope that peace will result from our talks.让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。His carelessness resulted in his failure.他的粗心导致了他的失败。 图形助记巧记“因果”名师点津as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接

9、名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。 base vt.以为基础(依据) n根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营(教材P7)Instead，you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。(1)base.on/upon把建立在的基础上(2)at the base of以为基点；在的底部(3)be based on/upon以为基础/依据A new Chinese television drama，titled In the Name of People，was based on the

10、same novel，written by Zhou Meisen.一部新的中文电视剧，名为人民的名义，以周梅森所写的同名小说为蓝本。If you base an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.如果把一个重要的决定更多地建立在情感基础上，而不是以理性思考为基础，你迟早会后悔的。They found the plane at the base of the mountain.他们在山脚下发现了飞机。 remind vt.提醒；使想起(教材P7)This wi

11、ll remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.这会提醒你为什么工作并且让你精力集中。remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.that .使某人想起；提醒某人I was about to call Jack to remind him that we would meet at 8：00 am when he came in.我正要给杰克打电话提醒他我们在上午8点见面，这时他进来了。Please remind me to

12、 write(write) to my mother tomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。I dont want them to remind me of her.我不想因它们想起她来。名师点津其他常见的由“v.sb.of sth.”构成的短语有：inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事；rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物；warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事。.句子成分语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.The teacher gave a speech.2.Many students join school clubs.3.We should devel

13、op good study habits.4.Listening to music makes me relaxed.5.He is made chairman of the club.6.Maggie plans her study carefully.7.Its a lovely day.8.I went to a large library yesterday.9.They girls may go there by bus.1.例句1中的黑体词在句中作主语。2.例句2中的黑体词在句中作谓语。3.例句3中的黑体词在句中作宾语。4.例句4中的黑体词在句中作宾语补语。5.例句5中的黑体词在句

14、中作主语补语。6.例句6中的黑体词在句中作状语。7.例句7中的黑体词在句中作表语。8.例句8中的黑体词在句中作定语。9.例句9中的黑体词在句中作同位语。构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。一、 主语主语定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体主语位置一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面哪些词可以作主语名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词，短语，句子The village is very beautiful.(名词)Who is speaking，ple

15、ase？(代词)Two will be enough.(数词)To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.(不定式)Skating is good exercise.(动名词)The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词)How to do well is an important question.(短语)What has happened proves that our policy is right.(句子)即时训练1找出下面句子的主语Chi

16、ldren grow very fast. Nobody knows who took the key. The first was a novel. What he said is quite true. 答案ChildrenNobodyThe firstWhat he said二、谓语谓语定义谓语说明主语发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，动词在句中作谓语谓语位置一般放在主语之后谓语构成1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成He practices running every morning.2.复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成You may keep the book fo

17、r two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成We are students.即时训练2找出下面句子的谓语What happened？ The plane took off at 10 oclock. We were beaten by their team. You can do it. 答案happenedtook offwere beatencan do三、宾语宾语定义宾语表示动作的对象或承受者宾语位置一般位于及物动词和介词后面哪些词可以作宾语名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，动名词，动名词短语，句子She is doing h

18、er homework now.(名词)I like it very much.(代词)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化的形容词)He likes to play basketball.(不定式)I like swimming.(动名词)We enjoy listening to the music.(动名词短语)He told me that he was a teacher before.(句子)宾语种类(1)双

19、宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)Lend me your dictionary，please.(2)复合宾语(宾语宾补)They elected him their monitor.即时训练3找出下列句子的宾语He takes a cold bath every morning. All of us like him. Do you mind my opening the window？ He began to learn English a year ago. 答案a cold bathhimmy opening the windowto learn English四、补语宾语补语定义对宾语作补充说

20、明，使句子的意义完整宾语补语位置带有宾语补语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等宾语宾补)哪些词可以作宾语补语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当His father named him Dongming.(名词)They painted their boat white.(形容词)Let the fresh air in.(副词)You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.(不定式)We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)I had my bike repaired yesterday.

21、(过去分词)We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)We will soon make our city what your city is now.(句子)主语补语被动语态的主语补语与主动语态的宾语补语是密切相关的。例如：(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.(2)He was seen playing basketball yesterday.句(1)中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补语。所以叫宾语补语。句(2)中的含

22、义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补语，故称作主语补语。主语和主语补语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语宾语补语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补语的逻辑主语。即时训练4找出下列句子的补语We made him our monitor. I dont believe the story true. The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. You should put your things in order. 答案our

23、monitortrueto stay in bedin order五、状语状语定义修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语状语位置句首，句中，句尾哪些词可以作状语名词，数词，形容词，副词，副词性词组，介词短语，不定式，分词，句子Wait a minute.(名词)Ive done it hundreds of times.(数词)I got home，tired and thirsty.(形容词)Light travels most quickly.(副词)Generally speaking，when taken according to the direct

24、ions，the medicine has no side effect.(副词性词组)He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)They came out of the classroom，talking and laughing.(现在分词)Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)Once you begin，you must continue.(句

25、子)即时训练5找出下列句子的状语He knows how to teach English properly. He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. He heard some noises when he was reading. 答案properlythe day after tomorrowwhen he was reading六、表语表语定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态表语位置一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后哪些词可以作表语表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词

26、、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)Is it yours？(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one？(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby is playing football.(动名词)The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)Time is up.The

27、class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)即时训练6找出下列句子的表语Africa is a big continent. Our chief method is to learn English through practice. Their job is teaching English. 答案a big continentto learn English through practiceteaching English七、定语定语定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语位置被修饰的词前或后哪

28、些词可以作定语名词，代词，名词或代词所有格，数词，形容词(限观形龄色国材)，分词，动名词，不定式，介词短语，句子可以作定语.Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)Is this your bike？(代词)His son needs Toms pen.(名词所有格)Two boys need two pens.(数词)Our monitor

29、 is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)The boy who is tall is my brother.(句子)即时训练7找出下列句子的定语There are few women workers in the factory. The oil workers here come from Daqing.

30、 We have got ten desks in the room. Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. 答案few womenoiltenon modern science八、同位语同位语定义一个名词(其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个词(或其他形式)就是同位语同位语位置同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起充当同位语的词名词，动名词，不定式，形容词，名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语，直接引语，句子Mr wang，my childs teacher，will b

31、e visiting us on Tuesday.(名词)I，the oldest girl in the family，always had to care for the other children.(名词短语)He enjoys the exercise，swimming，in winter.(动名词)Asking him to join us，thats a good ides.(动名词短语)Their aspiration，to become free and independent，is deserving of every kind of help from us.(不定式)T

32、he question what to do next hasnt been considered.(不定式短语)As the head of the company，he had to explain what had happened.(介词短语)He，short and thin，is unfit for the job.(形容词)All the countries，big or small，are equal.(形容词短语)But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clo

33、ne？”(直接引语)The girl were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)即时训练8找出下列句子的同位语This is Miss Green，the new English teacher. We all wanted to see her. We are facing the question whether he has known it. 答案the new English teacherallwhether he has known it.句子结构语 境 自 主 领 悟先

34、观察原句后自主感悟1.The car stopped.2.Mary seemed pleased.3.I love ice cream.4.Tom gave me a present.5.We consider the work challenging.6.They work hard.7.We like the film very much.8.There is a sports centre in our school.1.例句1是主谓结构，谓语动词为不及物动词stopped。2.例句2是主系表结构，表语为形容词pleased。3.例句3是主谓宾结构，宾语为名词ice cream。4.例句

35、4是主谓宾宾结构，间接宾语为me，直接宾语为a present。5.例句5是主谓宾补结构，宾语为the work，宾语补语为challenging。6.例句6是主谓状结构，状语为hard。7.例句7是主谓宾状结构，宾语为the film，状语为very much。8.例句8是存在句，由引导词there引导。英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成八种基本结构及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这八种基本结构是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语八种基本结构如下： 基本结构一：主谓主语谓语(SV) 基本结构

36、二：主系表主语连系动词表语(SVP) 基本结构三：主谓宾主语谓语宾语(SVO) 基本结构四：主谓宾宾主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO) 基本结构五：主谓宾补主语谓语宾语宾语补语(SVOC)基本结构六：主谓状主语谓语状语(SVA)基本结构七：主谓宾状主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)基本结构八：存在句引导词there引导的句子基本结构一、主谓主语谓语(SV)谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。如agree，lie，work，argue，lie，belong，come，go，reply等。Tom has arrivedHe smiled即时训练1把下列句子译成英语会议已经开始了。The

37、 meeting has begun.他离开了。He left.基本结构二、主系表主语连系动词表语(SVP)连系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。连系动词除了be动词之外，还有： 1表示感官的动词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound等； 2表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等； 3表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等。Your pet dog is thereTom became a doctor即时训练2把下列句子

38、译成英语这本书很有趣。The book is very interesting.他看上去是累了。He looks tired基本结构三、主谓宾主语谓语宾语(SVO)谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词。He teaches EnglishI love youI dont know how to learn EnglishShe said that she would study hard即时训练3把下列句子译成英语她喜欢这些花。She likes the flowers.父亲买了辆汽车。Dad bought a car.他们已经离开了那家旅馆。They have le

39、ft the hotel.基本结构四、主谓宾宾主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVOO)谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间有一个介词(to，for等)。My father bought me a car(me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语)The singer sang us another song(us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语)The singer sang another song for us.The tea

40、cher offered some advice on learning English to us.即时训练4把下列句子译成英语他把这消息告诉了她。He told her the news.他给了我一个苹果。He gave me an apple.基本结构五、主谓宾补主语谓语宾语宾语补语(SVOC)谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语宾语补语)的及物动词，这类动词叫作复合宾语及物动词。宾语补语是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾语补语的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。Tom made the baby laughHis illness left him weakWe found ourselve

41、s in great troubleWhat made you here?即时训练5把下列句子译成英语他叫我待在家里。He told me to stay home.这气味使他恶心。The smell made him sick.基本结构六、主谓状主语谓语状语(SVA)The meeting begins at half past nineThe books of this kind sell wellMany changes took place in my home town即时训练6把下列句子译成英语他们暂住在一家旅馆里。They are staying in a hotel.这种面包不好长期存放。This bread wont keep for a long time.基本结构七、主谓宾状主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)She stopped teaching English two years agoI