汉英翻译四步课件

1、汉英翻译四步课件汉英翻译四步课件一、句子主谓结构的确定要将汉语句子翻译成英语，确定句子主干是句子翻译的首要步骤。第一步是确定主语，然后是确定谓语。一、句子主谓结构的确定1、主语的确定A、突出重要信息，确定译文主语在英语中，句子的重要信息一般应放在主要位置上，即主语的位置。因此，在确定选取主语时应深入分析原文的重要信息分布，而重要信息的捕捉必须依靠上下文语境。1、主语的确定A、突出重要信息，确定译文主语永成大厦引进世界最先进的智能管理系统进行物业管理。从自动门管理系统到停车场管理系统都实行IC卡管理The most advanced intelligent management system i

2、s applied at YongCheng Tower for property management.永成大厦引进世界最先进的智能管理系统进行物业管理。从自动门管B从语篇衔接中确定主语在汉语语篇中，主语的衔接作用主要是通过对原词的重复，省略或代词替代来实现。而英语语篇中的主语则往往避免重复原词，更不能省略原词，而更多地使用照应和替代来衔接上下文。汉英翻译四步课件蜜蜂这物件，最爱劳动，广东天气好，花又多，蜜蜂一年四季都不闲着，酿的蜜多，自己吃的可有限。The bees are industrious. They work the whole year round since our prov

3、ince has warm weather and plenty of flowers. Though they produce much honey, they eat only a fraction of it.蜜蜂这物件，最爱劳动，广东天气好，花又多，蜜蜂一年四季都不闲人们常把闯红灯看成小错，不当回事，然而闯红灯一旦形成习惯，则问题远非是违反交通规则。Red-light running has always been regarded as a minor wrong, so it has never been taken seriously. When the violation be

4、comes habitual, however, a great deal more than a traffic problem is involved.人们常把闯红灯看成小错，不当回事，然而闯红灯一旦形成习惯，则C 从谓语搭配中确定主语主谓搭配既是英语语法的规定性要求，又是受思维方式和讲话习惯制约的。在英语的SV结构中，谓语是句子的核心。在汉英翻译过程中，我们往往可以先确定谓语的翻译，然后再根据英语主谓搭配的规定和习惯来确定主语的翻译。C 从谓语搭配中确定主语对于拾贝壳，我发生了莫大的兴趣，每天回来，袋子里都是装得满满的。Shells have aroused in me so much

5、interest that every day I will come back from the seaside with pockets budging with shells.原文中的主语是“我”，但由于译文中用了谓语动词“arouse in”，为了与其进行搭配，只能改用“shells”作为译文主语。这样，译文显得更自然，更地道。对于拾贝壳，我发生了莫大的兴趣，每天回来，袋子里都是装得满满D 灵活确定侧重点当然，主语的确定并非是绝对的，在许多情况下，同样一个汉语句子，由于侧重点的不同，其译文中主语的选择就可能有多种处理方法，具有一定的灵活性。这就要求我们根据具体情况具体对待。D 灵活确定

6、侧重点 1）这位母亲很为有个聪明漂亮的女儿而骄傲。1）The mother is very proud to have an intelligent and pretty daughter./The intelligence and beauty of the daughter makes her mother very proud. 1）这位母亲很为有个聪明漂亮的女儿而骄傲。 2）只有在显微镜下才能看见红血球。2）A microscope is needed to see red cells./ Red cells can be seen only under the microscope.

7、 2）只有在显微镜下才能看见红血球。亚洲金融危机爆发后，亚洲国家特别是遭受冲击比较严重的国家和地区，更加深切地感到解决这些问题的紧迫性。The outbreak of the Asian financial crisis has made Asian countries, particularly those hard-hit countries and regions, more keenly aware of the urgency to address those problems.Due to the outbreak of, it has been an urgent task fo

8、r亚洲金融危机爆发后，亚洲国家特别是遭受冲击比较严重的国家和地 不要频繁变换主语我走进他的办公室访问了他，谈到了目前的形式和未来的上海贸易前景。I called on him in his office, and he talked with me about the present situation and the future prospects of Shanghais foreign trade. 不要频繁变换主语我走进他的办公室访问了他，谈到了目前的我走进他的办公室访问了他，谈到了目前的形式和未来的上海贸易前景。可改为：I called on him at his office,

9、where we talked about the present situation and future prospects of Shanghais foreign trade. 我走进他的办公室访问了他，谈到了目前的形式和未来的上海贸易前2、谓语的确定汉语中的谓语同主语相似，具有开放性，几乎各种词类和语言单位都可以充当汉语句子的谓语，但译成英语时，句子的谓语只能转化成系动词或实义动词。2、谓语的确定汉语中的谓语同主语相似，具有开放性，几乎各种词A：汉语谓语如果是名词、数词、形容词、介词短语等，译成英语的时候一般要在这些词前面加上连系动词，如be, look, appear, seem,

10、 feel, sound, smell, taste等，否则译文句子就不能成立。如： 这个小姑娘漂亮。 This young girl is pretty.A：汉语谓语如果是名词、数词、形容词、介词短语等，译成英语的B：汉语句子中有时候会连用几个谓语，也即连动式谓语。这类句子在翻译的时候通常只能保留一个动词作谓语，而将其他的动词转化成名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。B：汉语句子中有时候会连用几个谓语，也即连动式谓语。这类句子二、信息重心的确定一个句子信息重心确立是否得当，直接关系到原文信息的传递是否准确，也影响到译文的信。无论是汉语还是英语，句子里包含的信息必定有主次之分，只不过汉语句子的信息

11、主次关系多半较为隐晦，而英语句子中多半较为明显。如： 二、信息重心的确定一个句子信息重心确立是否得当，直接关系到原1）他们患得患失，生怕丢掉这些东西。2）附近没有旁人，我得自己干了。1）Swayed by considerations of loss and gain, they are most anxious to lose these possessions.2）There being nobody else at hand, I have to do it by myself.1）他们患得患失，生怕丢掉这些东西。三、逻辑顺序的安排汉语复合的类型繁多，句内关系比较复杂。从类型上看，汉语的

12、并列复合句可以表示并列关系、递进关系、选择关系。主从复合句可以表示目的关系、假设关系、转折关系、条件关系、因果关系等。鉴于汉语复合逻辑关系的复杂性，再加上从句连词用得不多，逻辑关系不明显，因此，在翻译成英语的时候，要特别注重这些逻辑关系.三、逻辑顺序的安排汉语复合的类型繁多，句内关系比较复杂。从类1）没有一点“闯”的精神，没有一点“冒”的精神，没有一股气呀，劲呀，就走不出一条好路，走不出一条新路，就干不出新的事业。1）If we dont have the pioneering spirit, if were afraid to take risks, if we have no energy

13、 and drive, we can not break a new path, a good path, or accomplish anything new.1）没有一点“闯”的精神，没有一点“冒”的精神，没有一股气呀2）越老越不要最后犯错误，越老越要谦虚一点。2）The older they are, the more prudent they should be and the more careful not to make mistakes in their later years.2）越老越不要最后犯错误，越老越要谦虚一点。四、句内关系的再现鉴于汉语复合句逻辑关系的复杂性，再加上

14、从句连词用得不多，逻辑关系不明显，因此，在翻译成英语的时候，要特别注重这些逻辑关系。四、句内关系的再现鉴于汉语复合句逻辑关系的复杂性，再加上从句 1、并列关系汉语中的并列和对照都属于并列关系，也就是指各分句之间在意义上是并列的。在英译的时候，汉语的并列关系通常用英语中的连词and，但如果是否定的并列关系，通常用neithernor, eitheror等表示。如： 1、并列关系汉语中的并列和对照都属于并列关系，也就是指1）天无二日，世无二主。 2）不是他没有讲清楚，就是我没有听明白。1）Heaven can not support two suns, nor earth two masters.

15、2）Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well.1）天无二日，世无二主。 2、递进关系递进关系表示后面的分句比前面的分句在意义和范围上更进一步。汉语中表示递进关系常用的关联词有“不仅而且”、“还”、“并且”等，体现在英语当中通常用not onlybut also; as well as或as well来表示。如： 2、递进关系递进关系表示后面的分句比前面的分句在意义和1）他既是个科学家，也是个小提琴家。2）在太阳系，不但行星，而且太阳本身也在不断地运动。1）He is a scientist and a violinist

16、 as well.2）In the solar system the planets as well as the sun itself are in constant motion.1）他既是个科学家，也是个小提琴家。 3、选择关系 1）他们宁愿待在家里而不愿意去观光。 They would rather stay at home than go sightseeing. 3、选择关系 2）外商投资企业经企业申请，税务部门批准，可减轻或免征工商统一税。 A foreign investment enterprise may apply to tax authorities and may e

17、njoy, if the application is approved, reduction or exemption of the consolidation industrial and commercial tax. 2）外商投资企业经企业申请，税务部门批准，可减轻或免征 4、目的关系 1）为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。 In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle w

18、ith nature. 4、目的关系 1）为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣 2）要做好防汛工作，以免临时措手不及。 We must do a good job of flood prevention so as not to be caught unprepared. 2）要做好防汛工作，以免临时措手不及。 5、假设关系1）倘若客人不来怎么办？2）假若哥伦布没有发现美洲大陆，别人也会发现的。1）What shall we do if the guests fail to turn up?2）Even if Columbus had not discovered the continent of

19、 America, somebody else might have discovered it.5、假设关系1）倘若客人不来怎么办？ 6、转折让步关系1）虽说他英语不怎么好，但也还能叫人听懂。2）实验失败了，不过他并不灰心。1）Though he does not speak English well, he still can make himself understand.2）The experiment failed, but he didnt lose heart. 6、转折让步关系1）虽说他英语不怎么好，但也还能叫人听7、条件关系1）不管困难有多大，都要完成任务。2）无论如何，这个

20、问题要马上考虑。1）Whatever the difficulties are, well have to fulfill the task. 2）At any rate, the problem calls for immediate attention.7、条件关系1）不管困难有多大，都要完成任务。 8、因果关系1）昨天没有来看你，是因为我有急事要办。2）因为天气不好，飞机不能按时起飞。1）I didnt come to see you yesterday because I had some urgent matters to attend to.2）The departure of t

21、he flight has been delayed due to bad weather. 8、因果关系1）昨天没有来看你，是因为我有急事要办。练习：八级翻译与分析练习：八级翻译与分析得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。汉英翻译四步课件我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。 我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中

22、大千世界，一片繁华，1. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。学译：Before the illness, I was much petted by parents, doing everything at will in the home.学译：Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my parents, just like a little tyrant at home.参考译文：Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my d

23、oting parents.1. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。2. 一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。学译：When isolated and taken into custody in a small house on the hillside of our garden, I felt like I was abandoned, getting more and more depressed.学译：As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the hillside in t

24、he garden, I suddenly felt being consigned to limbo, gloomily and disappointedly.2. 一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。参考译文：Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated an

25、d confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分3. 一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。学译：At one dusk in spring, flowers were blooming wildly in the garden, my parents were holding a banquet, in which guests were gathering, laughters could be heard everywhere.学译：

26、On a spring evening, hundreds of flowers were in full bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a while, guests gathered in large number, laughing and talking, which could be heard clearly.3. 一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。译文：On a spring evening, my pa

27、rents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。学译： I stayed in the small flat on the hillside， quietly opened the curtain， caught glimpse of the world in the garden， it was so flourishing： my brothers and sisters， male cousins， were coming and going through， everyone looked pleasant.我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园