高中英语必修二 3　UNIT 4　 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures过去分词作定语和宾补1(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system2(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，3(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, whe

2、re we could get our car battery charged(charge)过去分词作定语时的意义1及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon会上提出的计划将很快被执行。2不及物动词的过去

3、分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。【典例1】(2019北京卷)Earth Day, _(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection解析：句意：地球日在4月

4、22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。答案：marked过去分词作定语时的位置1前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。We needed much more qualified workers我们需要更多的合格的工人。有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语

5、也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。There are few tigers leftIt is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。2后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。He is a teacher loved by his students他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。The book

6、 published ten years ago is still a bestseller today十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。3过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行As we all know, China is a developing country众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。The visitor is from a developed country这位游客来自一个发达国家。4过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被

7、动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。The building being built now is our classroom building现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroom building下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面

8、作宾语补足语。He passed away, leaving his works unfinished他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。Dont keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。2过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。(1)“have/get宾语过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow他明天想去检查眼睛。Jenny hopes that MrSmith will suggest a good wa

9、y to have her written English improved in a short period珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。(2)在“make宾语过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。3感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。When we saw the road b

10、locked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。4表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this

11、week经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。5过去分词用在“with宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。【典例2】(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _(take)解析：句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take之间为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因此用过去分词作宾

12、补。答案：taken非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别1感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：hear宾语eq blc(avs4alco1(doing sth.听到正在做，,（主动、进行）,do sth.听到做了（主动、完成）,done听到被做（被动、完成或,无时间性）)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文

13、歌。(主动、正在进行)I heard her sing an English song just now刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)2使役动词make, have, get, keep后加复合宾语的比较：(1)make宾语eq blc(avs4alco1(do sth.让做某事（主动）,done让被做（被动）)The shocking n

14、ews made me realize what terrible problems we would face这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself understood他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。(2)have宾语eq blc(avs4alco1(do sth.使做某事（主动）,doing sth.使持续做某事,（主动、进行）,done使被做（被动）)Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt妈妈让我去商店买

15、些食盐。He had us laughing all through the meal整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(3)get宾语eq blc(avs4alco1(to do sth.使做某事（主动）,doing sth.使开始做某事（主动）,done使被做（被动）)He got me to post the letter for him他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward th

16、e front after a short rest休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。Ill get my cellphone repaired tomorrow我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。(4)keep宾语eq blc(avs4alco1(doing sth.使一直做某事,（主动、进行）,done使被做（被动）)Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long对不起，让你久等了。She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。【典例3】(2019陕西期末)Today, yo

17、u can find a statue of John Harvard _(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the Universitys best known landmark解析：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的John Harvard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。a statue of John Harvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。答案：standingeq avs4al() 单句语法填空1We se

18、e an old man sweeping the fallen(fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office2Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time left(leave) for us to finish this task3Generally speaking, the children brought(bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes4It is ama

19、zing that he fell in love with the girl dressed(dress) in a red skirt at the first sight5As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world6There was an excited(excite) look on his face when the actress appeared7The players selected(select

20、) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game8They spent two hours discussing the plan designed(design) by the famous engineer9The confused expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the confusing problem(confuse)10The teacher wanted our compositi

21、ons handed(hand) in after class11Id appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to get my English improved(improve) in a short period of time12With all her business things arranged(arrange), Diana went on holiday13The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard(hear)14Back from h

22、is twoyear medical service in Africa, DrLee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at homeeq avs4al() 语法与写作1他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。Theyre having a meeting to discuss the serious problem known_to_everybody2为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。To solve the problem, we should meet the demand made_by

23、_the_customers3使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。To his surprise, he didnt notice_his_wallet_stolen on the bus4在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。Youd better leave_all_the_dishes_untouched before all the guests are seated5这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。The young lady was quite annoyed to find_her_valuable_necklace_lost6这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新

24、托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken_good_care_of in the new nurseryeq avs4al() 单句语法填空1MrBrowns room, filled(fill) with all kinds of books, looks as if it is a small library2To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English3(20

25、19四川成都七中高一诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son dressed(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve4(2019山西实验中学高一联考)I once found my cell phone missing(miss) during my stay in the city5If you want to make yourself respected(respect), you are above all to respect yourself6The student likes reading stories

26、 written(write) by the famous writer7Many used(use) computers will be sold in this market8Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices9Today, there are many people visiting(visit) the park every day10We should pay attention to the physical and mental health pro

27、blems caused_(cause) by a lack of sleep11My cellphone has broken down and I have to get it repaired(repair) soon12I was surprised(surprise) to find my hometown changed(change) so much13John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work completed(complete), he gladly accepted it14Dont leave the

28、 water running(run) while you are brushing your teeth15The yoga club, opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teacherseq avs4al() 阅读理解The first people in Canada crossed the Bering Strait from AsiaIn the north the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses(海象) and whalesThey also hu

29、nted caribou(驯鹿)On the west coast people hunted deer, bear and beaverThey also fishedOn the plains people lived by hunting buffaloIn the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seedsThe first Europeans to reach Canada were the VikingsIn 986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson was

30、 blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new landHowever he sailed away without landingIn 1001 a man named Leif Eriksson landed in the new land, which he named Vinland(it was part of Canada)However Eriksson did not stay permanentlyLater the Vikings did establish a colony in North America but th

31、ey abandoned it because of conflict with the nativesHowever after the Vikings Canada was forgotten until the end of the 15th centuryIn 1497 the English king Henry sent an Italian named John Cabot on an expedition across the Atlantic to NewfoundlandCabot discovered rich fishing waters off the coast o

32、f CanadaThen in 1534 and in 15351536 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier(14911557) sailed on two expeditions to CanadaOn 10 August 1535 (St Lawrences Day) he sailed into the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saintHowever no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 1

33、7th centuryIn 1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain(15671635) sailed up the St Lawrence RiverIn 1604 he founded Port Royal in Acadia(Nova Scotia)In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec(The name Quebec is believed to be an Algonquin word meaning a narrow part of a river) In 1642 the French fo

34、unded MontrealThe new colony in Canada was called New FranceBy 1685 the population of New France was about 10, 000By 1740 it was 48, 000【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。1In which part of Canada did people grow crops?AIn the northBIn the eastCOn the west coastDOn the plainsB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后

35、一句In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds可知答案。2Who was the first European to reach Canada?ALeif ErikssonBBjarni HerjolfssonCJohn CabotDSamuel de ChamplainB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句The first Europeans to reach Canadacalled Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm

36、 and he spotted a new land可知，Bjarni Herjolfsson是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。3What is the last paragraph mainly about?AEuropeans set foot on CanadaBEuropeans started expeditionsCEuropeans fought against the nativesDEuropeans began to make permanent settlementsD解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。4What is the best title for th

37、e passage?AThe Early History of CanadaBThe Languages of CanadaCEuropeans Started ExpeditionsDThe War Between Europeans and CanadiansA解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。eq avs4al() 七选五Rainbows(彩虹) are one of the most beautiful works that nature creates1_If youve ever seen one, cons

38、ider yourself luckyRainbows can be seen when light passes through raindrops, says Kristin Calhoun, a research scientist studying the conditions of weatherWhen sunlight passes through raindrops, the light bends, as it enters a dropletAs it leaves the droplet, the light separates into different wavele

39、ngths(波长)2_ The seven colorsred, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violetbend in seven different directionsRed light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light3_It also explains why rainbows look like an arc(弧)Sometimes, however, rainbows can actually form a circle that you can s

40、ee in a plane with the right conditions4_“There is an even better chance when the sun is at a lower level, early or later in the day，” Calhoun saysAnd another key is to face the rain and have your back to the sun5_“Small showers and storms often form in late afternoon in this area，”Calhoun says“Thes

41、e types of showers often produce heavy rain, but remain isolated(孤立的) over the center of the island”AThere are lots of stories relating to rainbowsBRainbows are created by light through raindropsCAnd each wavelength appears as a different colorDWith the conditions just right, Hawaii gets lots of rai

42、nbowsEThe best time to catch a rainbow is when its sunny and rainingFBut they can be seen only if you are in the right place at the right timeGThis is why the person on the ground sees each color at a different location【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么样的条件下才能欣赏到美丽的彩虹呢？1F解析：上文Rainbows(彩虹) are one of t

43、he most beautiful works that nature creates与F项内容形成转折关系，即彩虹虽然美丽，但人们必须在合适的时间和地点才能看见它。2C解析：C项中的wavelength和color分别复现上文中的wavelengths和下文中的colors，起到承上启下的作用。3G解析：上文中的The seven colors bend in seven different directionsRed light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light与G项内容形成因果关系。4E解析：本段涉及彩虹出现

44、的天气条件，E项内容符合该话题；且E项中的sunny and raining与下文中的the sun和the rain 存在词汇复现关系。5D解析：下文中的this area和the island指代D项中的Hawaii，本段说明夏威夷气象条件合适，因此经常出现彩虹。eq avs4al() 语法填空Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different from that in EnglandWhen I first arrived, I was 1_ (slight) worried about the winterI couldnt imagine 2_ it would be like to have 3 metres of snow and what on earth I was going to do when the weather was so badHowever, here, life goes on as usualTrains and buses continue, and people socialise and even better3_ number of new sports take overFor me, skiing means