教学设计：人教版(2019)必修第二册 第四单元语言点详解

1、2019版高中英语必修2第四单元语言点详解第一局部词汇.英汉对译（红色为重点词汇）mansiondotNormancountycemeteryroarthe NormanssnackdescendantscentBattle of HastingsrollheelstewRomanpubchiefsensoryVan Goghwinepuzzlestrikingthe Emerald IslebeercurrencytransitionIrishmilitaryconquerWalesAchilles9 heellandscapefascinatingScotlandbuttercattlec

2、ourtyardNorthern IrelandhoneynearbyfeastAnglo-Saxongalleryocean.词形变化philosophyphilosopherkingdomkingqueenprinceprincessdefensedefenddefensiveoffence offend defendant （被告）offensive（冒犯的，令人不愉快的）evidencekevidentevidentlyachievementachieveannounceannouncement announcergenerousgenerositygenerouslyConfuciu

3、s Confucianism Confucianistspoetpoemkpoetrypoetic.课本词汇idiomshortenkingidiomshortenkingtraditionnoticeablespecifycultureequivalentfuneralhistorichostel 招待所sense翻译下面各句子中蓝色单词的含义。. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.历史学不只是对陈旧物品和过往的事件研究。. Actually, theres someth

4、ing interesting to see in every corner of Paris: the old buildings, neighborhoods, and 最好的书籍是那些随着时间的推移能给我们开拓更广的视野书籍。单句语法填空： Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day ofrunning reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from al

5、l causes.(that/which)The books turns out to be one has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.(that) I see libraries as a safe haven for readers and writers, a bridge helps put together a reader with a book.(which/that)Occasionally, I would read a novel was assigned, but I didnt enjoy this ty

6、pe of reading. I liked facts, thingsare concrete.(that/which, that/which)When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process helps to regulate the globalclimate.(that/which)A maker space is a place can be in a school, but it doesn*t look like a classroom.(which/that)Fi

7、nally, in the 20th century, the southern part of the Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.上一个句子，我们看到的是限定性定语从句，而这个句子正好是非限定性定语从句，这个句子的先行词也很特殊， 是指整个蓝色局部句子的含义，是非常常见的一种定语从句的形式。例如： There is lots of snow around, and the ground freezes, which

8、can make life difficult for animals.到处有雪，而且地面结冰，这可能对动物来说生活非常难。According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.根据2017年一月所发布数据,56%的账单都是在网上支付的，这意味着只剩不到一半的支付依赖货到付款完成。单句语法填空：Also,

9、 Ive a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds,will be pretty awesome, the benefits of being a music genius.(which)A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day,helps control weight and hunger

10、levels.(which)When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria,do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed.(as)Your job is literally killing you,The Washington Post put it.(as)They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and change

11、d the way people built houses.这个句子也是个定语从句，它特殊的地方在于先行词、连词集于一身，都是“the way。但是要分清先行词在从句 中所起的作用，如果是“the way”做主语，连词是需要留下的，一般用that。例如：As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was nhugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confid

12、ence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.解析：这个句子中a way在后面的从句中做主语，连词必须用“that”。Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.解析：the way在后面的从句中做的是状语，应该用in the way,换成定语从句连词用“in which”，还可以省略。 下面的两个句子都是遵从了这个原那

13、么。(3) However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. Its surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think.Except the will which says to them: “Hold on!”“except”是个重点的词汇，既可以做动词，又可以做介词。表示“排除，除什么以外。”例如：It is good except for the scary part.除了吓人的局部其他

14、还好。-除了一前后词性不同用“except for”。No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.学生宿舍除了养鱼其他不允许养任何宠物。一除了一前后词性相同用“except”不强调可以用“but”。He never eats bread except when he is badly hungry.除非他非常饿，否那么他从不吃面包。一except后面可以加that/when/where等宾语从句。With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, studen

15、ts are not permitted to cook in their rooms.除了可以使用小的微波炉热食物以为，学生不允许在宿舍做饭。- except”还可以变成名词。Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.这有个一超级聪明的人在工作。“except”的形容词是“exceptional” ,副词，“exceptionally”。单句语法填空：They also live nearly everywhere, except frozen mountain tops and around the poles.(on)But thro

16、ugh all this, Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except she pays regular visits tohomeless people.(that)He could not watch television two programs a week, could not play with his friends after school until hefinished his homework.(except for)Franklin, who was largely self-tau

17、ght, may have been a genius, but he wasnt really a(n) when it comes toAmerican making and creativity.(an exception)You normally receive 4 treatments each day, Sundays.(excepted)Youd better avoid the rush hours as the traffic is heavy.(exceptionally)Learn about a country through its history.“through”

18、本意表示“穿过，通过”，既可以用来表示空间，又可以表示抽象的事物。无论单独使用还是联合搭配，through在英语中都是一个非常活跃的介词或副词。请根据语境，翻译划线局部：Chamber orchestra: the orchestra plays at memorial hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts fromMarch through June.(从 3 月直到 6 月) Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions

19、 in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. (通过全年订阅售卖)(3) As you eo through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.(浏览这本书/经历第二次世界大战) As the suns rays pass through the dest kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes

20、to life.(日 光穿透灰尘) Besides, I was only halfway through my report, and everything is in the computer.(冈刚完成报告的半)Through the summer employment opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the provincial public service, its related agencies and community gro

21、ups.(通过提供暑期就业可L会，舌动) You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.(梳理相关信息)I find her impossible to get through to.(与人沟通)I cannot get through the lines must be crossed.(接通 )8. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the

22、same currency and military defence. 过去分词，作为修饰语，起补充说明作用，可以丰富句子的含义。可以是定语从句、状语从句的简化形式，但是要 注意和现在分词的区别。例如：The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.每个春天我要读的第一本书就是海明威的流动的盛宴。出版于1964年，是他对巴黎20世纪20年代经典 的回忆录。

23、Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. 四人一组，穿着各种各样奇异滑稽的服装，一起沿着50米长的赛道，滚一整根完整(木制的)“奶酪”。 用括号中所给的单词正确形式填空： It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,(compare)with 16% in 1991. (compared)(fill)with curi

24、osity, the artist packed his bags and left.(Filled)(3) In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically (break)and having lost his mind.(broken)(3)Steve arrived and sat in the front row,(surround)by his family.(surrounded)However, tech

25、nology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,(touch)lives in countless ways.(touching)(drive) by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.(Driven)The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locati

26、ons across the UK.leave ”本身就是一个使用非常灵活的单词，与它结盟形成的短语也是非常丰富并且常见的，在学习的过程中, 我们该积累。例如：By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.通过阅读小说，我能把烦恼抛在脑后，进入到一个精彩的神秘世界，在此找到新的自我。But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the c

27、ats lifetime-and well still have 100 left over for the next cat.但是总体而言，这只猫只会在有生之年消耗掉150听猫粮一我们还依然有100听剩下去喂下一只猫。练习，翻译划线短语的意思。As they left student life behind, many had a last drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and moved out of small apartments into high b

28、uildings.(在他们告别校园生活之际)After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery.(将其丈夫一人留在墓地)Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical, never letting myself leave out a touih idea.(漏掉一困难的想法)I left for the land of warmth and Vitamin C, thinking of beaches and or

29、ange trees.(前往)Leaving aside the birth rate issue, Indias economy may take off when the country achieves of educational opportunity.(不考虑出生率)I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.(剩余的纸壳)They had castles built

30、 all around England, and made changes to the legal system.他们让人在英格兰建造了好多堡垒，。同样，本单元中还有另外相同的句式：We could get our car battery charged.Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Goghs Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.“have something done” 一般都翻译成“做了什么事情”，可是这个事情，又不是主语

31、本人亲自实施的。逻辑上，是 让什么事情“被做”，是“找人”、“雇人”或“命令他人”去做，在我们的日常生活中，比方我们说“我修车了”、“我理发了、“我验血了 ”等情景，用英语表达出来就是 “I had my car repaireda had my hair cut，“I had my blood tested”。在英语中，能用这种表达方式的，不仅仅只有这一个单词，“get, keep, make, let, leave, find, see, watch, hear, want等都可以形成这样的宾补结构。即学即用：E-mails are then sent to the bookcrossin

32、g to keep them(update)about where their books have been found, (updated)He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork(organize)again.(organized)I usually have fast food(deliver) to my office.(del

33、ivered) (4)Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities havestarted to sing at night to make themselves(hear)over loud noise.(heard)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests (crowd)with small trees that compete with

34、big trees for resources.(crowded)For many, finding an unattended wallet(fill)with 400 in cash would be a source of temptation. (filled) 11. The Normans were French, so many words slowly entered into the English language.“enter”这个单词在第一册已经学过，表示进入，如果表示进入实际空间，是及物动词，如果表示进入抽象空间， 是不及物动词。例如：John was about t

35、o enter the room when he was brought up by a note on the door.约翰刚要迈进房间,突然看见门上的纸条，立刻止住了脚步.Once you have reached formal agreement, you should enter into a contract with the other party.你一旦达成正式协议，就应该和对方签订合同.翻译划线局部句子：We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.(进入至U个时代)So

36、 I enter the city college to take English classes for foreign students.(上大学)The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.(#W)A desk dictionary is medium-sized, generally containing over 170, 000 entries as well as extra features. (词条)Pe

37、ople who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.(旅行 日 志)12. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.“all the way，可以表示“一路上”，也可以表示抽象的事物，表示“一直，自始至终地”。 例如： You gave m

38、e the wrong address and made me go all that way for nothing. 你把地址搞错了,害得我白跑了 一趟.下面我们看一些高考例句：It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s.这个高考的阅读理解的句子所表达的含义几乎跟课文的一

39、样，都表示“一直追溯到什么时代。”While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.尽管北极熊在北纬88度很少见，但是有证据显示它们的活动范围一路横跨北极，最南远达加拿大的詹姆士湾。The reports she wrote led to legal cases that continued all the way to the Supreme Court of the

40、United States.她所写的报道引发了好多官司，这些官司一直打到美国最高法院。If you could get to choose your own shock level, you could keep-then very, very few people go all the way.如果可以自己选择电击强度，很少人会选择高强度的。11.1 must have been asleep in that part of our history class!情态动词加完成体，可以用来表示对已经发生的事情的猜想、推断、假设等。常见的情态动词有must, can, may, should,

41、need 等。l)must have done表示对已经发生的事情进行猜想，翻译成“肯定做过了什么，比方：They must have gone to the concert with their friends by now. 到目前为止他们肯定和朋友已经去了音乐会。cannot have done通常是must have done的否认形式，表示绝不可能做什么。比方：They cant have gone to the concert for their car is still here.他们不可能去了 音乐会因为车还在。.may have done表示可能会做了什么，既可以用否认，也可

42、以用肯定。比方：He may have been here, but we are not so sure.他们可能已经来这了，但是我们不确定。4)should have done表示本该做的事情，而没做。比方：I should have hung the keys onto closet at the door. I cant find it anywhere.我真该把钥匙挂在门厨那。我怎么也找不到了。. need have done表示本需要做的而没做。I neednt have set the alarm clock last night.lt is Saturday today. 我昨

43、晚真没必要上闹钟。今天是周六。6)would have done常用来表示虚拟。If you had come yesterday, you would have met Mr. Brown. 如果你昨天来了，你就遇到布朗先生了。 考题回顾：Looking at her large empty apartment, I became aware of how lonely my mother(be)in Brazil herself.(must have been)Things(play)out so differently if I had simply said, No, we reall

44、y dont have money to give more.(would have played)The children(get)lost in the woods； otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.(must have got)(4)I cant find my purse. Iit in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could

45、have leftThe most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first(put)the blocks on sleds(滑板) Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the

46、 fat from cattle.(would have put)When the studio didnt want me for the film-it wanted somebody as well known as Paul-he stood up fbr me. I dont know how many people(do)that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers, (would have done) If, as a child, you observed people whose liv

47、es were bad, you(accept)their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did.(may have accepted)翻译划线局部：Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasanl for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.（对乘客来说肯定是相当不舒服的） The same cognitive（认知的）systems th

48、at make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.（可能被成年科学家所采用）The familys ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War. 翻译：这家的先人们曾经在一战中照顾过伤兵。Attend这个单词通常表示“出席，参加”，是一个及物动词，而attend t。那么表示“护理”或者认真“聆听”。词根与 它相 同的单词还有：at

49、tention, attendant, attendence, attentive, attentivelyo 请给出以下划线局部的翻译：An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending colleqe.（正在上大学的）By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.（他们会参加）（3）The exhibition had record attendanc

50、e, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（有出勤t己录） And that*s precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention.（弓I 起我们的注意）（5）It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.（保证精力集中）He questioned Chrissie, and listene

51、d attentively to what she told him.（认真聆听）There were so many customers that the shop assistants couldnt attend to them all.（不能照顾到所有的顾客）London sits upon the River Thames in the southeast of England.“upon”和“on”拥有相同的用法，都表示“在什么之上。只不过“upon”在教材中较少见，是一个古英语。下面 的句子都是往年高考试题中出现的，请仔细体会“upon”的用法。Based upon their

52、expressed thoughts and actual musicking behaviours, this text examines the songs they sing, the rhythms.（base on = base upon表示基于什么，以什么为基础）Both my parents had a ereat influence upon my choice of work.（have an influence on = have an influence upon 对什么有影响） （3） It gives you the chance to hit upon new id

53、eas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.（hit on an idea=hit upon an idea表示想出想法，突然有了主意）She had requested the community to tum it into a museum upon her death.（on one、death= upon one、death表示“在某人一死后就如何”）The passage can be seen as the authors reflections upon a particular life

54、 experience.（a reflection on something=a reflection upon 表示对fb么的反思，回想）They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a businessopportunity.（刚一进门=on walking in the door）Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to re

55、ad, chris would excuse himself to go to thebathroom.(call on somebody to do something =call upon somebody to do something 号召某人做某事)第四局部：语法在本单元中，有三个经典的名词性从句出现，下面我们对这三个句子进行剖析。It was surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing and dining.在这个句子中，“it”做形式主语，“that”引导的

56、句子做真正的主语。It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.Its hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.(3)Its a pity that you missed the sightseeing, or we would have had a good time together.It is impossible that a single shot of education, ad

57、ministered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career.In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will co

58、ntinue to rise in the next few years.Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because it remains unknown how users* data will be taken advantage of.was eager/surprised to see that“that”引导的从句做“see”的宾语，而且是做非谓语动词的宾语，经典例句如下。It is impossible to know which high schools are

59、the best in the nation, ntheir letter read.As the months went by, I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk misty.3) As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going agai

60、nst which will be like trying to turn the clock back.Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words learned/learnt this way in conversations almost automatically.Anna just emailed to say that the managers meeting is put of