中考英语常见语法知识点复习资料

1、主动语态和被动语态 知识点总结语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动 作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态，如：We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作 不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，那么用被动语态，如：Chinese is spoken by us in China在中国汉语被我们说。一、主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：.将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；.谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出不同 的时态；3

2、主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动 词之后。（有时by的短语可以省略）；彳列:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.二、被动语态的用法：.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Ourclassroom is cleaned everyday.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词Anew shop was built last year.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / hav

3、e + been +及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词 Many more trees will be planted next year.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/ are + being +及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my b汰e now.My b汰e is b

4、eing repairedby Tom now.不定式的被动语态:to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are tw obooks to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：.不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years. Thedinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.

5、感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变 为被动语态时,须加上to。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do so methingsomebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The li ttle boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么

6、动词后要 用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.-Abook was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其 中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. -He cant be laughed at byus.常见考法对于语态考查，多以单项选择、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动 语态的能力。一般情况下，会综合考查时态和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发 生的

7、时间来确定时态，然后再确定语态。典型例题：-Could you tell me whom the radio by? -Sorry, I haveno idea.A invents B invented C is invented D was invented解析：题干的意思是你能告诉我收音机是谁创造的吗?创造收音机是过去的 事，所以用过去时,排除A和C ;而radio和invent构成被动关系，应用被动 语态，排除B答案：D误区提醒有些动词后跟不带t。的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上， 这一点我们必须注意。典型例题：The young man was often seen by

8、the lake.A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew解析：这是2007年济南的中考题。看到某人做某事为see sb.do sth.o句中 动词原形是省略to的不定式，在被动语态中要还原too答案：A 原因状语从句知识点总结 是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句，在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since.for等。例如：1.1 didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。Since everybody is h ere, lets beg

9、in our meeting.既然大家者口来了,让我们开始开会吧.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好，你就不该熬夜.4.1 asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来 喝茶，因为我有事要告诉她.原因状语从句应注意的问题1、 because , since , as , for,辨析because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原 因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或sinceoI did n

10、t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，那么可以用for来代替。 但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例：He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.3） as和for的区别：通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在 主句后。例：As

11、the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句）I stayat home, for the weather is cold.2、because习惯上不与so连用汉语习惯上说因为所以但英语习惯上却不能将s。与because连用：正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at h ome.因为下雨,所以我彳门呆 在家里。3、because从句与because o

12、f短语的转换Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of短语转换，because of后 加的原因可以为好或坏，但最正规的还是becauseoHe cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness.他 因病不能来。I said nothing about it because his wife was there. /1 said nothing about it because of his wifes being th ere.因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。常见考法对于原因状语从句的考

13、查，多以单项选择和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大 家选择连词。典型例题：He fou nd it increasin gly difficult to read,hi s eyesight was beginning to fail.A. and B. for C. but D. or 解析:his eyesight was beginning to fail是he found it increasingly difficult to read的原因，因此此题应选用可以表示原因的连词for弓|导原因 状语从句。答案：B误区提醒除了 because , since , as , for这四

14、个词的辨析外，对于because从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与 because of短语转换，because 0f后跟的是短 语,because后跟的是句子。典型例题：He didnt go to work the heav y rain.A .because B.because of C.so D.since解析：题干的意思是由于那场大雨，他没有去上班，the heavy rain.表示原 因，排除C; since和because表示原因，后面跟的是从句,也就是说必须是 一个完整的句子，此题中the heavy rain没有主语和

15、谓语，.只是一个短语，所 以排除A和Gbecauseof表示由于，后跟名词、代词或短语。答案：B时间状语从句知识点总结在复合句中，由时间连接词弓I导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通 常由 when, while, as , after,before,since,until 等词引导。一、时间状语从句种类L引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前。when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。（瞬时动词）When I lived in the cou

16、ntryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我 住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来 了。2、Wh ile引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同 时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示比照。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （was reading 是延续 性的动词,was reading 和 was wat

17、ching 同时 发生） I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。 （比照）3、As表示一边一边，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和 从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调一先一后。例如：We always sing as wewalk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示一边 一边）As we was going out, itbegan to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后 发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）4、由before和after引导的时间状语

18、从句，表示两个动作一前一后发生。例如：It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。After yo u think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔名田考虑过 以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换， 但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时 动词时，必须用否认形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否 定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用

19、在句首，而until可以放在句首。 例如：I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床 睡觉。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示自从以来”。I have been in Beijing sine e you left.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示一就。例如：As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大，就给你来 。二、时态问题在状语从句中，有“主将从现的规定，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 表示将来时。例句：I will call you as soon as I arrive in