2021届上海市崇明区高三英语二模概要写作指导学案

1、2021崇明二模 Robotic Exoskeletons机器人外骨骼Thanks to robotic exoskeletons, victims of spinal cord ( 脊椎) injury have a new reason to hope. Robotic exoskeletons, consisting of metal legs, motors, batteries, wiring, a controller and a set of strips, work together like the users bones muscles and nervesoutside

2、the body. Fastened into an exoskeleton and supported by sticks, users can direct the machinery to take them where they want to go.多亏了机器人外骨骼，脊椎损伤的受害者有了新的希望。 机器人外骨骼由金属腿、电机、电池、电线、控制器和一组条带组成，就像用户的骨骼肌肉和神经一样在体外协同工作。 固定在外骨骼上并由棍棒支撑，用户可以指挥机器将他们带到他们想去的地方。 In addition to partly restoring mobility, robotic exos

3、keletons offer the significant mental and physical health benefits of standing up and moving. Just being able to get up from a wheelchair gives patients a more natural, positive view of the world. It also helps relieve pressure on patients skin and reduces the danger of pressure sores. Standing upri

4、ght strengthens a disabled persons muscles and bones, improves heart health, and reduces certain other health complications (并发症). And it may actually result in partial nerve repair, something that can only happen when a patient is able to move.除了部分恢复活动能力外，机器人外骨骼还为站立和移动提供了显着的身心健康益处。 仅仅能够从轮椅上站起来，就可以让

5、患者对世界有更自然、更积极的看法。 它还有助于减轻患者皮肤的压力并降低压疮的危险。 直立可以增强残疾人的肌肉和骨骼，改善心脏健康，并减少某些其他健康并发症。 它实际上可能会导致部分神经修复，只有当患者能够移动时才会发生这种情况。 As promising as this technology is, however, it is no simple cure-all for paralysis ( 瘫痪) or its complications. The motion is not accurate compared with natural walking, and exoskeleton

6、s are not easy to use, especially on surfaces that are not smooth. They are very expensive, costing about US$100,000. Health insurance plans and government programs may not cover the cost of buying one.然而，尽管这项技术很有前途，但它并不是瘫痪或其并发症的简单万能药。 与自然行走相比，运动并不准确，外骨骼也不容易使用，尤其是在不光滑的表面上。 它们非常昂贵，成本约为 100,000 美元。健康保

7、险计划和政府计划可能不包括购买的费用。 Nevertheless, robotic exoskeletons, and access to them, will continue to improve. As with much modem technology, robotic exoskeletons will likely become more capable and easy to use, even as their cost goes down. Governments and insurers may increasingly see that the health benef

8、its of these walking machines outweigh the costs, making it easier to fund them. Perhaps the day will come when nearly everyone paralyzed by spinal cord injury will be able to “walk” again.尽管如此，机器人外骨骼及其使用方式将继续改进。 与许多现代技术一样，机器人外骨骼可能会变得更加强大和易于使用，即使它们的成本下降。 政府和保险公司可能会越来越多地看到这些步行机器的健康益处大于成本，从而更容易为它们提供资金

9、。 也许有一天，几乎每个因脊髓损伤而瘫痪的人都能重新“行走”。 【参考答案】Robotic exoskeletons, a kind of machinery working outside the body, give paralyzed patients new hope to stand or walk again. They benefit patients a lot both physically and mentally. But currently, theyre hard to use for lack of accurate motion and difficult to

10、access for high costs. But the situation is improving with modern technology.(57words)机器人外骨骼是一种在体外工作的机械，给瘫痪患者重新站立或行走带来了新的希望。 它们在身体和精神上都使患者受益匪浅。 但目前，由于缺乏精确的运动且难以访问且成本高，它们很难使用。 但随着现代技术的发展，情况正在改善。 (57字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行

11、概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了

12、强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例

13、子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them t

14、en years ago.”可以概括为：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Ti

15、me and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，

16、使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard

17、or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises

18、 the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了