高考非谓语讲解含解题技巧

1、高考非谓语讲解含解题技巧第1页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五主谓宾定状补2The famous doctor give birth to a babyhelped the pregnant womanlast Friday.to第2页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.When she got off the bus, she left

2、 her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but she left her handbag on her seat.3第3页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carr

3、iage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear

4、 前，则三个动词并列。AD非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 第4页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语不定式（to do)doing (动名词、现在分词) done (过去分词) 非谓语动词有哪些？第5页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语to dodoingdone非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？ 第6页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语to dodoingdone第7页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1、作主语或表语时

5、在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用doing；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用to do。Smoking is not allowed here. (表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。)2. To smoke so much is not good for you. (表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。)3. Their job is building houses. (抽象、经常的动作)4.Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具体、要做的动作)第8页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期

6、五1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help

7、. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DD第9页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：1.并行结构问题， Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.2.需要注意一些结构：A) 在 Its no use (good; value; im

8、portance) 等结构中只用动名 词作主语。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比较：Theres no need to tell him about it.B) 在 Its + adj. +to do。注意两种句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not

9、 enough) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do第10页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make

10、 C. not makingD. do not makeB在（purpose, wish, promise, plan）后常跟不定式非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，1.并行结构问题，2.时间问题。to do作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。doing作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。第11页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五注：1动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。 现在分词

11、作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，如： My job is looking after the children. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 第12页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五注：2过去分词作表语与现在

12、分词作表语的区别：What he said sounds_ (convince). He was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting使信服第13页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五类似情况还有：surprising surprised, exciting excited, tiring tired , disappointing disappointed, enco

13、uraging encouraged ， amazed amazing , bored boring , pleasing pleased, astonishing astonished. -ed 分词Sb. + Link.v + -ed分词-ing分词 Sth. + Link.v + -ing分词 人的感觉事物本身的特点第14页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词2、作宾语时第15页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五不定式和动名词都可作宾语, 有何区别？ 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些

14、动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语第16页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五 1. 有些动词后只跟to do作宾语，如： manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。 2. 有些动词后只跟doing作宾语，如： avoid, admit, consider, miss, delay/postpone, suggest / advise, finish, pract

15、ise, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist/cant help, deny, envy, escape , risk, stand, mind, keep / keep on prefer.to., look forward to, be used to, devote to, lead to, get down to, give up, keep on, succeed in, feel like, be busy, be worth, have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) 注：在动词advise, allow, forb

16、id(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。We dont allow fishing here.We dont allow people to fish here.第17页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to

17、 work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lostCB第18页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door

18、. He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事) They stopped fishing. (停止钓鱼) They stopped to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉) I regret n

19、ot taking your advice. (后悔) 3.remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop第19页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五4.主动表被动: want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + deserve (值得，应受) + doing使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义第20页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1. Ive worked with children

20、before, so I know what _ to my new job. A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expectsB注意1：不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start.第21页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语

21、状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词3、作补语时第22页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feel2. 当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. 医生建议他去南方.The doct

22、or advised him to go to the south.+ sb to do1.能接带to的不定式作补足语的动词第23页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五3. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。I saw him go upstairs. （动作全过程）I saw him going upstairs. （动作正在进行）Dont have me waiting for you outside ?I wont. I just have my hair cut.第24页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五 I heard her

23、_( sing) an English song just now. She was heard to sing an English song. I heard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. She was heard singing the song. (She was heard to be singing the song.错） I heard the English song _( sing) many times. I heard the English song _( sing)

24、 when I passed by her room yesterday. singsingingsungbeing sung第25页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五Fill in the blank:1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)2.Last night I saw him _(play) the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动”“主动”cleanedplayingshut“被动”第26页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五I heard

25、 my sister _ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _ in English. Mother heard her kid _ the door . Mother heard the door _. (open)With the test _(finish), we began to analyze the result.Would you please speak louder so as to _? A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make y

26、ou heard D. make yourself heardDsingingsungopeningopened巩固练习三finished第27页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not toA为了避免重复，常用省do留 to 来代替前面的动作。如： e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,_. A. I

27、d like to B.Id like to go注意：不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _. A.Id like to be. B. Id like to. AA第28页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning3. A computer does only what thinking peopl

28、e _. A. have it doB. have it done C. have done itD. having it done使役动词 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made / let to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth

29、. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have sb. / sth. to doBA第29页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. A. carry outB. carrying out C. carried outD. to carry out5. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playingB. to be playi

30、ngC. playD. to playthat 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。CA第30页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词4、作定语时第31页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五 to do, doing, done都可以作定语，主要区别

31、在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 1.to do作定语不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Have you anything to send?（不定式执行者为you)Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的吗？ (不定式执行者为被省略的me或someone else）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 同位关系 I have no chance to go there.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 主谓关系 She is the last to leave the room.第32页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五He is looking

32、for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry about（没有什么可担心的）a room to live in注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。第33页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0

33、点32分，星期五2.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：doing表示主动、进行之意；done表示被动与完成；to do表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.discu

34、ssedbeing discussedto be discussed第34页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五注：doing作定语有时意义不同：a walking stickA swimming poolA sleeping car区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态第35页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五注意：现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定

35、语，而要用定语从句（避免用现在分词的完成式作定语）e.g. The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.第36页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词主语宾语补语定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词5、作状语时 能作状语的有to do, doing, done。 作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。第37页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五*1.表目的I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the t

36、rain.in order to , so as to（不能放句首）2.表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果This room is big enough to hold us.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.enoughto, tooto, only to to do 作状语第38页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语,而句

37、子本身可与状语从句等句型转换。第39页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. = Hearing the news ,we jumped with joy.2.When it is heated, the metal expands. Heated, the metal expands.3.Because he didnt know how to do it, he went to his father for help.= Not knowing how to do it, he wen

38、t to his father for help. 4.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.= Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. “主动”“被动”表示时间表示原因=第40页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五5. _(look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach.= If you look out of the window, you can have a

39、 full view of the beach. 6._ (keep) in fridge, these vegetables will remain fresh. =If they are kept in fridge, these vegetables will remain fresh.表示条件Looking Kept 第41页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五7. The children rushed out, shouting and jumping. 8. She walked out of the house, _by her little daughter

40、. (follow)9. She walked out of the house, _ her little daughter. (follow)10. (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong. = Although it is considered as a building material, wood is not very strong. 表示让步表示方式和伴随情况followedfollowingConsidered 第42页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五11.The car was

41、 held up by the snowstorm, thus _ (cause) the delay. 12. The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, _ in the head. 表示结果分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g. heated, ice can be changed into waterWhen tired ,I went on with the work. walking in the street, I saw a road accidentWhileThoughcausingwounded第43

42、页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005广东) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to ha

43、ve found doing作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。to do 作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果 AA第44页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五分词的逻辑主语:分词的逻辑主语一般为_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，e.g. If weather permits, we will have a field trip. Weather permitting, well have a field trip tomorrow 这被称为_。 时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔

44、. Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.主句的主语分词的独立结构第45页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 2) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side

45、 effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. SeenSeeing takentaking第46页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。如：Judging from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again Generally speaking ,girls are more careful than bo

46、ys .类似的还有:Speaking ofTalking of 第47页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose2. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hopelose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。

47、注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。CB第48页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五3. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun4. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it

48、was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help once 在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。DD第49页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：做主语时，必须用名词/代词所有格做宾语时，可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格They insist on To

49、ms (his) staying longer. (有生命，做宾语)She didnt mind Jack (him) coming late. (有生命，做宾语)Toms (his) coming is what we have expected. (有生命，做主语)2. 逻辑主语是无生命名词时， 只用名词普通格。Is there any hope of our team winning the match?3. 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词 this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时，只能用名词普通格。She

50、was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.第50页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五1) I would appreciate _ back this afternoon . A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 2) _ made her mother very angry. A. Mary marrying Jim B. Marys married Jim C. Marys marrying Jim D. Marys being married

51、JimC C 第51页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五3). The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught4).The noise of _ could be heard out in the street. A. desks opening and closing B. desks opened and closed C. desks bein

52、g opened and closed D. desks being opened and closedC C 第52页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五非谓语动词的时态语态和被动 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时发生在谓语表示的动作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ; done; to have done/to have been done ; havin

53、g done/having been done第53页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-细1：不定式的时态第54页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it

54、 before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作（几乎)同时发生或在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)不定式的时态第55页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五不定式的语态（主被动）注意：1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlock

55、s the door)2. 不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动。 (以主语为准） I know what to do. ( I do what) He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room) I have got a letter to write. (I write a letter) I know what is to be done. (横线为宾语从句，而what是do的动作对象）第56页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五3.不定式前有说明该不定式特性的性质形

56、容词(e.g. easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等)，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动。（因为adj后往往被认为省去了for one/ people)The book is difficult to understand. ( for someone to understand the book)He is hard to talk to. ( for one to talk to him)The water is not f

57、it to drink.第57页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done细2：doing时态： 如果动名词的动作与谓语动作没有明确的时间先后，多用一般式。e.g. His coming will be of great help to us. We are interested in playing chess. 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，通常用完成时态。e.g. I m sorry for not having kept my promise.但在某些动词或

58、词组后，通常只用动名词的一般式。e.g. On hearing the bad news, she couldnt help crying.第58页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五分词的时态:-ing/ -ed +主句（不强调动作先后）;Having done Having been donee.g.1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful.2. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. 现在分词有一般式和完成式，

59、且有主动和被动结构；过去分词无时态和语态变化。+ 主句（强调时间先后）第59页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五高考题点击： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studiedB.

60、 to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studyingDA would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。 本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。第60页，共85页，2022年，5月20日，0点32分，星期五3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4