UNIT 1 The mass media-reading Language points 课件 牛津译林版选择性必修第二册

1、Language points核心词汇1 The two news reports and the article below encourage you to be a critical news reader. 这两篇新闻报道和下面的文章鼓励你成为一个批判性 的新闻读者。critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的（ criticize v. 批评；挑剔；评论 critic n. 评论家；批评家critically adv. 极为重要地；严重地；批评地） （1）It is difficult enough to be critical of our own mistakes

2、. 对我们自己的错误采取批评的态度确实非常困难。She viewed the findings with a critical eye. 她以批评的眼光看待这些研究结果。She is critical about everything. 她对一切都喜欢吹毛求疵。Susan handled everything herself up at this critical point. 在这关键的时刻，苏珊自己挑起了一切重担。Two things were critical to getting the deal done. 这个交易的达成有两个关键因素。Two of the burn victims

3、 were in a critical condition last night. 两名烧伤患者昨天晚上处于非常危险的境况。题组练领悟方法（2）He criticized my taking risks. 他批评了我的冒险举动。Basically there is nothing to criticize in his works. 他的作品基本上无可挑剔。He is too ready to criticize others. 他很喜欢评论别人。（3） Have you read the article written by that famous critic? 你读过那位著名的批评家写的

4、这篇文章吗？ （4） This is a critically important meeting. 这是个至关重要的会议。语块积累be critical to 对起到关键的作用be critical about 对挑剔，对不满单句语法填空 I dont like people who are too critical everything. The third grade is critical childrens development. 2021全国甲卷According to the World Wildlife Fund，the global black rhino populati

5、on has dropped as low as 5500，giving the rhinos a “ （critical） endangered” status. abouttocritically2 The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor，spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night，leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座高层大楼，把高楼层的人们困

6、在里面。trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住；绊住；设圈套n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境；牢笼（1）Hunters trapped the bear. 猎手们用陷阱捕捉那只熊。The thief was trapped by the police in an old house. 警察将小偷困在一所旧房子里。They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在着火的旅馆里。Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse. 塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。（2） By clever questionin

7、g they trapped him into making a confession. 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。I was trapped into telling the opponent all I knew. 我中计了，把所知道的一切都告诉了对手。Many women are trapped into loveless marriages. 许多妇女被束缚在没有爱情的婚姻里。（3）He trapped her；she couldnt get away. 他设圈套抓住了她，使她不得脱身。（4） The only thing the wolf could do was climb u

8、p to the ground from the trap. 那只狼唯一能做的就是从陷阱里爬到地面上来。The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。To break out of the poverty trap they need help from the government. 为了摆脱贫困的处境，他们需要政府的帮助。语块积累be trapped in 困在中；陷入中trap sb. into（doing）sth. 诱使某人做某事；使某人困于某物中lay/set a trap（for sb.）（给某人）设下圈套fall/w

9、alk into a trap 落入圈套 people caught in the unemployment trap 陷入失业困境中的人们单句语法填空 She had been trapped into （say）something she did not mean. They were trapped the mountain，waiting to be rescued. The police trapped the criminal a situation that he could not escape. 2018 北京卷A rescue worker risked his life

10、saving two tourists who （trap）in the mountains for two days. sayinginintohad been trappedbe thought to have done 被认为做了The disease is thought to have originated in the tropics. 这种疾病据说起源于热带地区。The doctor is thought to have served as a consultant at an expert network. 这名医生被认为曾经是一家专家网络公司的顾问医师。He is thoug

11、ht to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 人们认为他做了蠢事。现在他失去工作只能怪自己了。说明（1） be thought/be said/be supposed/be believed/be known/ be reported.+ to have done（做完了） The car accident is reported to have taken place sometime yesterday.据报道，那场车祸是昨天某个时候发生的。The famous

12、actor is reported to have died several days ago. = It is reported that the famous actor died several days ago. = The news reports that the famous actor died several days ago. 据报道，该著名演员已于几天前去世。（2） be thought/be said/be supposed/be believed/be known/ be reported.+ to do（要做） A healthy life is frequentl

13、y thought to be associated with the open countryside and home-grown food. 健康的生活通常被认为与开阔的乡村和自家种植的食物有关。Body language is said to account for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. 据说，肢体语言对第一印象的影响占55%，而你所说的话只占7%。（3） be thought/be said/be supposed/be believed/be known/ be r

14、eported.+ to be doing（正在做） His son is believed to be working in an international company. 他的儿子被认为是在一家国际公司工作。单句语法填空（5） Henry is believed to （steal）the car. （6） He is said to （study）abroad，but we dont know which country he studies in. （7） This band is thought （be）one of the best pop groups in China. h

15、ave stolenbe studying to be3 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5，according to figures released by emergency services. 根据应急服务机构发布的数据，人们越来越担心死亡人数会达到5 人。 release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄；解除 n. 释放； 发行；排放，泄漏；解除；新电影（1） Dont release this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. 在我们准许你之前不要向公

16、众公布这一消息。Details of the plan have not yet been released to the public. 该计划的细节尚未向公众公布。Dont release your hold on the rope. 不要把绳子放了。Release the dog. It has been chained up for hours. 把狗放开，它已被拴了好几个小时了。The nurse is released from the work at seven oclock. 这位护士7 点钟下班。Pollutants are constantly being released

17、 into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。（2）The prisoner was questioned before his release. 囚犯被释放之前受到了审问。On this show they played the latest release. 这次公演，他们放映了最新的影片。This medicine will give you release from pain. 这药会解除你的疼痛。语块积累release.to. 把释放到 release.from. 把从解脱出来词语辨析：release 与free release 指使某人或某物较为具

18、体地摆脱某种限制、束缚或痛苦； free 指使某人或某物从某种限制的情况中解脱出来或释放，后面常跟介词from 或of。He released her arm. 他放开了她的手臂。The girl asked her father to free the bird from the cage. 那女孩请求她父亲把鸟从笼子里放出去。单句语法填空 The bird （release）from the cage. Death at last released her her pain. When is the best moment to release the date of the electi

19、on the newspapers? 写出句中release 的词性及词义Its said he has already been released from duty. The new trade figures have just been released. After my examination I had a feeling of release. was releasedfromto动词，解除 动词，发布名词，释放4 By this time，the re had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation

20、 under control around 11 p.m. 截至此时，火势已蔓延到十六楼。消防员在晚上11 点左右控制住了局面。extend vi. & vt. 延伸（距离）；扩大；延长；伸展（ extension n. 延长；伸展；延期） （1）Our playing fields extend as far as those trees. 我们的操场延伸到那些树前。China has greatly extended its influence in world affairs. 在世界事务中，中国的影响已大大地扩大了。They extended the road for three mo

21、re miles. 他们把那条路又延长了三英里多。The garden extends as far as the foot of the hill. 花园一直伸展到山脚下。（2）The pupils disliked the extension of the term. 小学生们不愿延长学期。His leg was now capable of full extension. 他的腿现在能够伸展自如了。He asked for an extension of his visa. 他申请延长签证有效期。语块积累extend into 扩大或延长到 extend over 延续；遍布词语辨析：e

22、xtend，expand 与spread extend 指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长； expand 指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀； spread 指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。The hot weather extended into October. 炎热天气一直持续到十月。Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years. 近年来我们的对外贸易有所增加。The radio spread the news as soon as the accident happened. 事故一发生，收音机就把这条消息传播出去了。单句语法填空 T

23、he celebrations extended three hours. He sees local history as an （extend）of family history. This country extends its power and influence neighbouring countries. overextensioninto5 There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed re safety rules. 有人担心建造该公寓大楼

24、的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物（ construct vt. 建造，建筑 constructive adj. 建设性的；积极的） （1）The new airport is still under construction. 新机场仍在修建中。It is predicted that a large amount of money will be spent on the construction project. 据预测，大量的金钱会投到这个建设项目上。The cathedral is a fantastic modern construc

25、tion. 那个大教堂是一座奇特的现代建筑。（2）They are planning to construct a new supermarket. 他们正在计划建造一个新的超级市场。He taught us how to construct sentences. 他教我们怎样造句。This factory was constructed by our company. 这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。The writer constructed the story from memories of her childhood. 这个作家将她童年的回忆串连成这篇故事。The house was c

26、onstructed out of wood. 这幢房子是用木头建造的。I think you will propose something constructive. 我认为你会有什么建设性的建议。语块积累（1）a construction site 建筑工地construction work 建筑工作a modern construction 一幢现代建筑the construction of an airport 机场的建造under construction 在建造中；正在施工之中（2）construct.from. 用建造/ 制作 construct.out of 由建成 说明“un

27、der + n.”常表示正在进行的动作，而且包含被动含义，相当于进行时的被动语态。under repair 在修理中under observation 在监视中under consideration 在考虑中under treatment 在治疗中 under discussion 在讨论中单句语法填空 A new hydro-electric power station is construction. Young people should make a contribution to the （construct）of their motherland. She criticized m

28、y writing，but in a way that was very （construct）I learned a lot from her. underconstructionconstructive6 The fire has also left dozens of people injured，5 of whom are in a critical condition. 大火还造成很多人受伤，其中5 人伤势严重。dozen n. 许多；（一）打，十二个；十来个How much are those apples a dozen? 那些苹果一打多少钱？ He bought three d

29、ozen bottles of wine. 他买了36 瓶酒。There were about a dozen of them. 大约有十二人。The young actress has starred in dozens of films. 这个青年女演员主演了很多部电影。语块积累a dozen（of）一打dozens of（= lots of）许多，很多 by the dozen 论打，按打说明dozen 由a，a few，some，many，several 及具体数字修饰时，dozen 用单数，后接可数名词复数。two dozen of the eggs 两打鸡蛋单句语法填空 The s

30、aleswoman packed the pencils for me the dozen. He gave me a dozen roses for my birthday. He wrote a lot of novels， （dozen）of which were regarded as masterpieces. byofdozens7 I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正要洗澡，这时听到人们在尖叫，狗在吠叫。scream vi. & vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的

31、声音 n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音（1）She screamed when she saw the robber. 她看到强盗时尖叫起来。He screamed at the children for making noise. 他因孩子们发出吵闹声而朝他们大叫大嚷。She screamed for help when she saw the robber. 她看到强盗时，尖声地叫喊救命。He screamed out a warning. 他高声发出警告。The little boy fell down from a chair and started screaming with pain.

32、 小男孩从椅子上摔下来，疼得直叫。The wind was screaming outside. 外面风在呼啸。（2）The patient gave out a scream of pain. 病人痛苦地尖叫了一声。I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. 我给了房主一份猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时尖叫的录音。The car stopped suddenly with a scream of tyres.随着轮胎发出尖锐刺耳的声音，汽车突然停了下来。语块积累scream at 向大声叫喊scream for

33、 为了尖声地叫喊scream out 高声叫喊scream with 因而大喊大叫说明cry，call，shout，yell 等词也有“喊叫”的含义。单句语法填空 The fans screamed excitement when they saw him. She screamed that she had lost her passport. Her loud （scream）could be heard all over the house. He screamed his wife to call an ambulance. withoutscreamsfor8 I looked ou

34、tside and the smoke was choking me. 我往外一看，烟呛得我透不过气来。choke vt. & vi. （使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动而）说不出话来（1）She looked like she was going to choke.她看起来仿佛都要窒息了。The girl choked to death after breathing in smoke. 那个女孩吸入烟雾后窒息而亡。The smoke almost choked the fireman. 烟呛得那位消防队员几乎透不过气来。（2）He choked when he ate his food

35、 too quickly. 他吃东西太快噎住了。She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。When she learned the sad news，she found it hard to choke back her tears. 当她得知那个悲痛的消息时，泪水止不住地夺眶而出。When she heard the exciting news，she choked up and couldnt utter a word. 当听说那个令人激动的消息时，她感到喉咙里哽住了，一句话也说不出来。（3）She kept talking and nobody could c

36、hoke her off. 她说个不停，没人能阻止她。The villages roads are choked with traffic. 那个村庄的道路被车辆阻塞住了。语块积累choke back 抑制choke off 劝阻，阻止choke up（因感情激动而）哽咽；堵塞choke to death 噎死；窒息而死be choked with 被堵塞单句语法填空 Some major roads are regularly choked traffic in rush hours. I stood there trembling and trying to choke the tears

37、. The worker quickly cleared away the dirt that was choking the chimney. withbackup9 . the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. 自动火灾警报没有及时响起，未能阻止这场灾难的 发生。automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的，不假思索的 automatically adv. 自动地；机械地 auto n. 汽车（= automobile） （1）We can get chocolate

38、from an automatic machine. 我们可以从自动售货机上取巧克力。The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving. 道路交通法的修改将允许全自动驾驶。（2）For most of us breathing is automatic. 我们大多数人的呼吸都是无意识的。A boy who has good manners stands up in an automatic movement when a lady enters the room. 当一位女士走进房间时，一个有礼貌的男孩

39、会不假思索地站起来。（3）The supermarket doors shut automatically. 这个超级市场的门是自动关的。He made the best time in the auto race. 他在汽车比赛中开得最快。语块积累automatic doors 自动门automatic cameras 自动照相机an automatic teller machine 自动取款机an automatic washing machine 自动洗衣机fully automatic 全自动的单句语法填空 We get automatic increase in pay every

40、year. Once installed，this heater operates （automatic）. anautomatically10 A team is currently investigating the accident further. 一个小组现正在对事故进行进一步调查。investigate vt. & vi. 侦查，调查；研究（ investigation n. 调查 investigator n. 调查者；研究者） （1）The police are investigating the murder. 警察正在调查这件谋杀案。They investigated th

41、e market for sales of a product. 他们针对某一产品的销售量进行了市场调查。He was being investigated for receiving bribes then. 他那时因为接收贿赂在接受调查。（2）Lets investigate the grammar of Chinese. 让我们研究一下汉语的语法。We might be able to help you；Ill investigate the possibilities. 我们也许能帮助你，我要研究一下这些可能性。（3）The accident is under investigatio

42、n. 这一事故正在调查之中。The investigation was carried out under the direction of a senior police officer. 调查是在一位高级警官的指导下进行的。The investigators will be divided into three groups. 调查人员将被分成三组。语块积累investigate the causes of 调查的原因investigate thoroughly 彻底调查investigate sb. for sth. 因为某事调查某人under investigation 正在调查中单句

43、语法填空 The mom is being investigated possible child abuse. He has promised a thorough （investigate） into the affair. Experience suggests that （investigate） might never find the exact cause. forinvestigationinvestigators11 How do these differences come about? 这些差异是如何产生的呢？ come about 发生，产生That came abou

44、t when we went to New York last year. 那件事发生在去年我们去纽约时。How does it come about that he is always so busy? 怎么搞的他总是那么忙？ 语块积累come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现come along（with）（和）一起去come to 总计为；达到地步；苏醒come out 出现；出版；开花come up 走近；上升；发芽；被提出come up with 提出；想出；赶上when it comes to. 一谈到；就而论（to 是介词） 单句语法填空 When will your essay

45、 come ? After listening to the lecture，he came up a good solution. I came many new words while reading the novel. The flood came as a result of the heavy spring rain. outwithacrossabout12 It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities，which would influence how they report

46、 an event.最好记住， 记者可能有不同的优先事项，这将影响他们如何报道一个事件。priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点（ prior adj. 优先的；在前的；更重要的） （1） The development of the national economy is a top priority. 发展国家经济是应优先考虑的事。Women are more likely to give priority to child care and education policies. 女性更有可能优先考虑儿童保育和教育政策。He says setting priorities

47、 is of critical importance. 他说设定优先级至关重要。（2） I have a prior engagement at five. 我先在五点钟有一个约会。It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting. 栽种之前给土壤施肥很重要。This task is prior to all the others.这项任务比所有其他任务都重要。语块积累a top priority 最优先考虑的事give priority to 给以优先权be prior to 在之前单句语法填空（1）Things should be t

48、aken up in order of （prior）. （2） Please check in half an hour prior departure. priorityto13 . they may contradict each other in terms of factual details，as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. 它们也可能在事实细节上相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂的和不断变化的。contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥（ co

49、ntradiction n. 矛盾；反驳；不一致contradictory adj. 矛盾的） （1）The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. 这个报道与我们昨天听到的相矛盾。The two statements contradict each other. 两种说法相矛盾。（2）She doesnt like to contradict her husband in public. 她不愿在众人面前反驳她丈夫。Its difficult to contradict someone politely. 礼貌地去驳斥别人是困难的。In his

50、 confusion，he kept contradicting himself. 慌乱中，他不断地说出自相矛盾的话来。（3）There is a contradiction between the two sets of figures. 这两组数据相互矛盾。Those facts admit of no contradiction. 那些事实不容反驳。Your attitude is in contradiction to your character. 你的态度和你的性格相反。（4） We had to face up to a number of seemingly contradic

51、tory concerns. 我们不得不正视若干看起来相互矛盾的问题。The prisoners statement is contradictory to the one he made earlier. 那个囚犯的供词与他早些时候说的相矛盾。说明contradict 是及物动词，其后不能用介词 with。语块积累in contradiction to 同相矛盾admit of no contradiction 不容反驳be contradictory to 与相矛盾self-contradictory 自相矛盾的单句语法填空 The student apologised to his te

52、acher for （contradict）him. What you have done admits of no （contradict）. His public speeches are contradictory his personal lifestyle. contradictingcontradictiontofactual adj. 事实的，真实的（ factually adv. 真实地，确实地 fact n. 事实，真相；实际） （1）The advertising is factual and informative. 这种广告具有符合实际和提供情况的特点。Youd bet

53、ter give us as much factual evidence as possible. 你最好尽可能多地向我们提供事实证据。（2） She had noted down the names and she told me the story simply and factually. 她已经记录下那些名字， 然后她简单如实地给我讲了那个故事。I can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事实的真相。In fact，light is a form of energy. 其实，光是能的一种形式。单句语法填空（4） The editorial con

54、tained several （fact） errors. （5） I didnt fail the exam. fact I did rather well! （6） We will do our best to answer your questions faithfully and （factual）. factualInfactually14 For instance，the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. 例如，在亨德森楼火灾的两篇新闻报道中，死亡人数有所不同。

55、instance n. 例子，事例（1）This is only one instance out of many. 这不过是许多例子中的一个。Instances such as these are extremely common. 诸如此类的事例俯拾皆是。（2） What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing? 比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？ In this instance，the best solution is to send a quick， light-hearted ap

56、ology to explain your awkwardness. 在这种情况下，最好的解决办法是迅速、轻松地道歉， 解释你的尴尬。In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear， nose and throat specialist. 首先，你的孩子要去看耳鼻喉科专家。Can you give an instance of the boys ability? 你能举例说明那个男孩的才能吗？ 语块积累for instance 例如，比如in this instance 在此情况下in the first instance 首先，

57、最初give an instance of 举例说明单句语法填空 Can you quote me instance of when this happened? Most states， instance，have a blood test requirement，but a few do not. In most （instance）the pain soon goes away. This problem seemed to be complex the first instance，but it could be easily solved. anforinstancesindiffe

58、r vi. 相异；意见相左（ = disagree）（ different adj. 不同的 differently adv. 不同地difference n. 不同点，差别） （1）That is where we differ. 那就是我们的分歧所在。Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease. 关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。（2） He wants to know how a cafeteria differs from a restaurant. 他想知道自助餐馆与餐厅有什么不同。French differs

59、from English in this respect.（= French and English differ in this respect.）在这方面法语不同于英语。These bags differ in size，but not in shape. 这些手提包只是大小不同，并无形状之异。I have to differ with you on that. 在这一点上我不能同意你的看法。I must differ with your opinion about the matter. 在这件事上，我不能同意你的意见。（3） Parisians are different from y

60、ou and me. They never look lazy or untidy. 巴黎人和你我不同。他们看起来从不懒惰或不整洁。2021新高考全国I 卷 This visit is very different from/to last time. 这次访问与上一次大不相同。（4）Boys and girls may behave differently. 男孩和女孩的表现可能不同。（5） I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow， but I had no idea how to do that. 我想以某种方式在世界上有所作为