中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练八饮食卫生与健康(含解析)

1、2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练八饮食、卫生与健康(含分析)2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练八饮食、卫生与健康(含分析)6/62018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练八饮食、卫生与健康(含分析)专项训练八饮食、卫生与健康时间：810分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage1(2018天津)Manypeopletraveltodifferentplacesintheworldbyair.Usuallyittakesalongtime,perhapshalfaday,forpassengerstostayintheplane.Soairlines(

2、航空企业)offerpassengersfood.Butitiscommonthattheyfeelbadaboutfoodtaste.Doyouagree?Tosolvethisproblem,airlinestryhardtoimprovetheirfood.Theywouldliketodosobecausetheydontwanttolosecustomers.However,accordingtoscientificresearch,partofthereasonwhyplanefoodtastesbadisthatathighaltitude(海拔)wecannottastethi

3、ngsaswellaswedoontheground.Alsoscientistshavefoundthatournosesbecomeverydryevenbeforeaplanetakesoff.Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressure(气压)reducesonethirdofthesensibility(感觉)ofourtastebuds(味蕾).Soourtastebudsbecomesenseless.Thesadfact,however,isthatournosesdontknowit.Allofthesehelpexplainwhyfood

4、ontheplanetastessobad.Theyalsohelpexplainwhyairlineschoosetoofferpassengerssaltyandspicy(辛辣的)food.Withoutdoingso,thefoodwouldbetasteless.Nowtherearemanyresearchesonthis.Accordingtooneofthem,somevolunteersareaskedtoliewiththeirfeethigherthantheirheadsforweeks.Andscientistswritedowntheirfeelingsaboutf

5、oodtaste.Thoughscientiststrytheirbest,itisnotaseasyastheythought.Becausetheycantdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully,suchasthechangeinairpressure,makingfoodtastegoodisstillhardforthem.()1.InParagraph2,“thisproblem”means_A.passengersstaylongintheplaneB.foodontheplanetastesbadC.passengershavenofo

6、odtoeatD.foodontheplaneisexpensive()2.Whatdoairlinesdotosolvethisproblem?A.Getmorecustomers.B.Offermorefood.C.Improvetheirfood.D.Reducetheticketprice.()3.Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressurereduces_ofthesensibilityofourtastebuds.A.halfB.onethirdC.onefourthD.onefifth()4.Whydoscientistsfeelithardt

7、omakefoodontheplanetastegood?A.Thevolunteersdontknowaboutfoodtaste.B.Thevolunteersdontunderstandthem.C.Theycantfindenoughvolunteers.D.Theycantdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully.()5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TasteofAirplaneFoodB.AirplaneTravelC.ScientificResearchonNosesD.TheChangeinAirP

8、ressurePassage2(2018东营)Itseemsthatschoolchildrenallovertheworldcomplain(诉苦)abouttheirschoolfood.Whatdostudentsofyourageeatforlunchatschoolinothercountries?JapanHighschoolshavediningrooms.Theyserveeverythingfromnoodlestorice,butnotburgersandchips.Otherchildrenbringfoodfromhome,suchascoldriceballs,mea

9、torfish,pickles(泡菜)andvegetables.Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveatasteofthefood.UnitedStatesAtypicalmenufromaUSschoolismadeupofahamburgerwithfriedpotatoesorroastchicken,lettuceandpickles,fruitandcookies.Schoollunchesmustalsoprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamount(总量)ofnecessarynutrition(营养)，suchas,

10、vitaminA,vitaminCandcalcium(钙)AustraliaMeatpies,sausagerolls(腊肠卷)andhotdogsarealltraditionaldishesinAustralianschoolshops.Butasthecountrypaysmoreattentiontochildrenshealth,healthierfoodshavestartedtoappearonschoolmenus.Manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.Thesaleofredlabeled(标注)foods,includingcook

11、ies,chocolateandsoftdrinks,isservedonlytwiceaweek.Healthiergreenlabeledfoodssuchassushi,sandwiches,cornandwatermelons,however,areavailableeveryday.SouthAfricaMostofSouthAfricanschoolsdonotservemealsatall.Classesendat1：30pm.andstudentsgettheirownlunches.Manystudentsbringfoodfromhome,usuallysandwiches

12、.Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents.Asaresult,ithascausedariseinobesity(肥胖)amongchildren.Butasmorepeoplebegantorealizethatbeingtoofatmaycausedifferentkindsofseriousillnesses,someschoolsintownshaveledthewaytowardsbetternutrition.Nowstudentsattheseschoolsareofferedlunchesofporridgewithvegeta

13、bles,suchascabbage,onions,beans,carrotsandtomatoes.()1.HighschoolsinJapanserve_A.noodlesandriceB.burgersandriceballsC.chipsandvegetablesD.fishandroastchicken()2.Fromthepassage,weknowthetypicalmenufromaUSschoolis_A.deliciousB.quitehealthyC.notveryhealthyD.popularinSouthAfrica()3.Whicharetraditionaldi

14、shesinAustralia?A.Meatpiesandhotdogs.B.Chocolateandsoftdrinks.C.Cookiesandsushi.D.Sandwichesandcorn.()4.InSouthAfrica，_A.moststudentshavesandwichesandvegetablesforlunchB.studentslikefastfoodandfriedfoodverymuchC.moreandmorestudentsbecomeillD.studentsrealizedthatfastfoodandfriedfoodwerebadfortheirhea

15、lth()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.ParentsinJapanareinvitedtotastethefoodtwiceayear.B.IntheUnitedStates,schoollunchesmustprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamountofnecessarynutrition.C.InAustralia,manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.D.InSouthAfrica,schoolsdontservemeals.Passage3(2018长沙)Whyisclean

16、watersoimportanttodevelopingcountries?Arecentreportshowsthatabout80percentofdiseasesindevelopingcountriesarecausedbypoorwaterandlowsanitation(卫生)conditions.Inthosecountries,womenandgirlsspendseveralhourscollectingwater,butoftenpolluted,farawayfromtheirfamilies.Thepollutedwatermoreorlessinfluencesthe

17、irhealth.Inthiscase,thereisanurgent(急迫的)needforpeopleindevelopingcountriestohaveaccessto(有时机或权益使用)cleanwatertoimprovetheirhealth.HereisashortstoryaboutHadjaraZakari,a12-year-oldgirlinNiger.Havingaccesstocleanwaterchangedherlife.Shelearnedabouttheimportanceofhand-washingwhentheschoolfirstreceivedclea

18、nwaterthreeyearsago.Thatevening,shetoldherfather,“Youshouldnteatwithmeunlessyoucleanyourhands.”Herfatherwasveryangryandshoutedather,“Itsnotuptoyoutotellmewhattodo！”Stunned(呆若木鸡的),Hadjarasatinsilence.Butsheknewshewasright.Inprotest,_Hadjararefusedtoeatdinnerthatnight.AfterherfatherquestionedHadjarash

19、eadteacher,heunderstoodtheimportanceofhand-washingandhisdaughtersintentions(目的).Thegirlreallywantedherfamilytolivelongerandhealthierlives.Forpeopleindevelopingcountries,cleanwatercanchangemanythings,especiallyimprovetheirhealth.So,fromnowon,letsavoidwastingwaterandtakeactiontosavewater,whichisimport

20、anttopeopleallovertheworld.()1.Accordingtotherecentreport,poorwaterandlowsanitationconditionscancause_A.trafficproblemsB.forestfiresC.manyillnesses()2.Thekeytoimprovingpeopleshealthindevelopingcountriesis_inParagraph1.A.togetcleanwaterB.toexerciseoftenC.torefusedrugs()3.Whatcanweinfer(推测)fromParagra

21、ph2?A.Hadjaralaughedatherfathersfoolishness.B.Hadjararefusedtoeatdinnerthatnightinordertoloseweight.C.Hadjarasfatherunderstoodhisdaughtersloveandcareforhimlater.()4.Theunderlinedword“protest”inthispassagemeans_A.抗议B.保护C.节俭()5.Thepurposeofthewriteristo_A.teachpeoplehowtowashhandsB.callonpeopleallover

22、theworldtosavewaterC.showdevelopingcountriesrichincleanwater专项训练八饮食、卫生与健康Passage1【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文，文章叙述了为何我们会感觉飞机上的食品不好吃的原由。B【分析】词义猜想题。题干意为：在第二段中“thisproblem”指的是。依据第一段的最后两句“Butitiscommonthattheyfeelbadaboutfoodtaste.Doyouagree?”可知答案。应选B。C【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：航空企业是怎样解决这个问题的？依据文中第二段第一句“Tosolvethisproblem,airli

23、nestryhardtoimprovetheirfood.”可知选C。B【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：跟着飞机的上涨，气压的改变降低我们味蕾敏感度的。依据文中第三段第三句“Astheplanemovesup,thechangeinairpressure(气压)reducesonethirdofthesensibility(感觉)ofourtastebuds(味蕾)”可知选B。D【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：为何科学家以为把飞机上的食品滋味变好很困难？依据文中最后一段最后一句“Becausetheycantdealwiththespecialenvironmentsuccessfully,suc

24、hasthechangeinairpressure,makingfoodtastegoodisstillhardforthem.”可知选D。5.A【分析】标题概括题。题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？A项：飞机上食品的滋味；项：飞机旅游；C项：对于鼻子的科学研究；D项：飞机气压的变化。通读本文可知主要讲述的是飞机上食品的滋味，应选A。BPassage2【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了日本、美国、澳大利亚、南非四个国家的学生在学校的午餐状况。A【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：日本中学会供给。依据文章第二段第二句“Theyserveeverythingfromnoodlestorice.”可知日本

25、学校的食堂供给面条和米饭。应选A。C【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：从短文中，我们知道美国学校传统的菜单是。依据文章第三段第一句“AtypicalmenufromaUSschoolismadeupofahamburgerwithfriedpotatoesorroastchicken.”可知传统的美国校餐主要包含汉堡、炸薯条和烤鸡，这些都是不健康的食品。应选C。A【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪些是澳大利亚的传统菜肴？依据文章第四段第一句的“Meatpies,sausagerolls(腊肠卷)andhotdogsarealltraditionaldishesinAustralianschoolsh

26、ops.”可知肉馅饼和热狗是澳大利亚的传统菜肴。应选A。4.B【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：在南非，。依据文章最后一段第一句“Fastfoodandfriedfoodsellthebestamongstudents.”可知学生都喜高兴餐和油炸食品。应选B。5.D【分析】细节理解题。题干意为：以下哪项是不正确的？依据第二段最后一句“Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveatasteofthefood.”可知A项正确；依据第三段最后一句的“Schoollunchesmustalsoprovideatleastonethirdofthedailyamount(总量)ofnecessarynutrition(营养).”可知B项正确；依据第四段第三句“Manyschoolshaveusedatrafficlightsystem.”可知C项正确；依据文章的最后一句“Nowstudentsattheseschoolsareofferedlunches.”可知此刻南非的这些学校已经供给午餐，所以D项错误。应选D。Passage3【要旨粗心】本文是