考研英语阅读第一2345次课

1、阅读第一次课The full import 重要性maytake a while to sink in 接受.TheNTRightsoftheTerminally III law has left 使得医 生physinsanddealcitizensaliketryingtowith its moral andpractical意 义 .implicationsSome叹气havebreathedsighsofref,others,rightincludingchurches,tolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalbitterlyAssotion,attack

2、ed 猛烈地抨击bill法案theandthehaste 仓促 of its passage 通过的.euEunasian asiaGet my periodBig aunt motherThe researchers studied thebehaviourcapuchinoffemalebrownTheyaremonkeys.lookcute.They本性善良,good-naturedco-operative合作的theycreatures生物,andreadily 乐sharetheirfood意的. Above all 最重要的是,liketheirfemalehumancountar

3、ts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentionto the value of “goods and”Femaleservi3.n males.capuchinmonkeyswerechosenforthe researost probablybecause they are _.to 倾向Amoreinclinedweigh 衡量what they getB attentive to researchersinstructions 指导 偷换概念C nice in boppearancetemperament次要原and因Dmoreigenerousnlcompanio

4、ns无中生有Overkindstheofpastcentury,allunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeenmadecondemned 谴责or的.illegal阅读第二次课Definiy22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist whoisAinfluential. 有的Bmodest. 谦虚的Crespectable. 令人尊敬的Dtalented. 有天赋的Even Tommasini calls him “an unpretentiousmusinwithnoairoftheformidableconductor

5、 about him.”Pretend前缀+词根+后缀Belittle 轻视aasleep使。Bebelittlebefriend使。eren/emEmEntitle 使做某事Be entitled to do sthEnlarge HomelessPlessCarelessex 向外Tract提取Extraction减去Subtraction潜水艇SubmarineMarine resourSubtitle 字幕Text 11. Everybody loves a fat 丰厚的rise 加薪. Yetpayif you learn 得知pleasure at your own can va

6、nisht acolleague has been given a bigger one., if he has arepuion for slacking 懒惰, you might even be outraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlying 以，为基础 amptiont other animals wouldnot be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans

7、de Waal of Emory Universityinanta, Geia, which has just been published in Nature,suggestst it is all too monkey, as well.也并列的逻辑关系2. The researchers studied the behaviour of femarownonkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured 本性capuch很好, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily.Abo

8、ve all 最重要的是, like their female human countarts 对应物, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and servi”n males.3. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens

9、for food.Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchangeof rock for sliof cucumber. However, when two monkeyswere placed in separate but adjoining chambers, sot eachcould observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different. 过程4.he world of capuchin

10、s, grs are luxury goods (andmuch preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey washanded a grin exchange for her token, the second wasreluctant to hand hers over for a merece of cucumber. And ifone received a grwithout having to provide her token inexchange at all, the other either tossed her own tok

11、en at theresearcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice ofcucumber., the mere presence of a grin the otherchamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.5. The researcherggestt capuchin monkeys, likehumans, are guided by sol emotio

12、ns.he wild, they are aco-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve专有的领域 of people alone. Refusing a lesser rewardcompleymakesthesefeelingsabundantlyc

13、leartoothermembers of the group. However, whether such a sense offairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, orwhether it stems from 来源于 the common antor 祖先tthe species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet 到目前为止, anunanswered question.并列关系：含义一致结构一致P1 21.he opening paragraph, the authorro

14、duhis topicby .ing a contrast 进行对比Amption 假设合理B justifying an aC making a comparison 进行对比解释一个现象D explaining a phenome2:1:1 原则四个选项有两个选项含义相近在其中四个选项有两个选项含义相反也在其中Contrast 表示比较不同点Compare 表示比较的是相同点P1 22.The sement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragrapht .转折处l) impsA monkeys are also outraged by slac

15、k rivals 无中生有B resenting 厌恶 unfairness is also monkeys nature 本能C monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous 嫉妒 of eachotherDnoanimalsotheremotions 过于绝对nmonkeyscandevelopsuchP2 23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the researchmostprobablybecausethey表达处/are.A more inclined to 倾向 tend to weigh 衡量w

16、hat they get同义替换B attentive to researchers instructions 指导 无中生有C nice in boppearance and temperament 性情所问非所答n their male companions 无中D more generous生有P324. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found intheir study表达处t the monkeys .s to cucumbers 黄瓜A prefer grB can be taught to exchange 交换 thi

17、ngsC will not be co-operative 合作 if feeling cheated反话正说D are unhappy when separated 分开 from othersP525. What can we infer from the last paragraph? 转折处/Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelop培养soemotions.无中生有AlBHuman indignationsource 来源.evolved from an uncertainCAnimals usually show their feelings openly as hu

18、mansdo. 无中生有D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable onlywild.偷换概念he1.2.P1P2 P3顺序原则3. P4However, when two monkeys were placed in separatebutadjoining chambers, sot each could observe what the otherwas getting in return for its rock, their behaviour becamemarkedly different.中国男足的糟糕表现仅仅是由于他们技不如人，还是源

19、自于他们缺乏自信或者配合，这还说不一定。Whether the terrible performance of Chi football teamevolvedheir poor skills, or whether it stems from the lack ofconfidence and cooperation is, as yet, unanswered question.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was.tA there was no scientific evidence of the correlation be

20、tsmoking and death 过于绝对nB the number of early deaths of smokershe past decadeswas insignificant 不明显的与原文信息相反C people had the freedom to choose their own way of life正话反说D antismoking people were usually talking有sense 无中生Do you remember all those years when scientists arguedsmoking would kill us but th

21、e doubters 抽烟的人 insistedttwe didnt know for sure?t the evidence was inconclusive 不能下结论的, the science uncertain?t the antismoking lobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandtheernment should stay out of the way? Lots of Americansbought 相信tsense 屁话, and over three decades, some10 million smokers went to early

22、 graves.阅读第四次五次课Entirely 完全的, utterly 完的 ,definiy全肯定的,surely,undoutedly 毫无疑问的,compleIndispensabley 完全地的,essential 重要的.假设原文中出现了达或者含义是 含义那这个含有表表达的表达的选项就是正确的。38.To swhich ementsofthefollowing McWhorterwouldmost likely agree?ALogicalthinkingis thenot waynesarilyrelatedtowe talk.BlackBEnglishcan nbemoree

23、xpressive English.standard如果选项中出现比较而原文当中并未出现比较说是错误的这个选项一般来反之亦然C-standard varieties of humanlanguage entertaining.arejustasDOfallthevarieties,standard conveyEnglishcanbestcomplex ideas.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofex trendles from both high and low culture, thetMr.McWhortersisunmistakable. But

24、 it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like,care. As a linguist, he varietiesofhuman-standard ones like erfullyexpressive language or dialect in convey complex ideas.acknowledgest alllanguage,includingBlack English, can be-the Hethere world is notexistsnot cannotargu

25、ing, asmany do,t we can no longer think straightbecause we do not talk proper.4.Even重复-强调-考点in other wordsput another wayagain .27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3.tAthe sightseers cannot visit the Castley 无法判断and the Palathe playgoers the sightseersthe sightseers the playgoersthe playgoerseparaB

26、spend more moneynCdo more shop无中生有go to no other planDinn the theater 与原文信息相town反1. Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, hasonly one industry -William Shakespeare -buttherearetwodistinctly branches. CompanyseparateandincreasinglyhostileThereistheRoyal presentShakespeare(RSC), whichperb productions of

27、the plays at theShakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays,buttolookatAnneHawaysCottage,Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.2. The worthy residents of Stratford doubtt the theatre addsnny to their re

28、venue.They frly dislike the RSCs actors, themwith their long hair and beards and sandals andnoisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when youconsidertShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving, was himself an actor (wi did his share of noise-making.beard) and3.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate. The sightsee

29、rs who come by bus -andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheim Palace onthe side - dont usuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthem areevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However, the playgoers 戏迷do managealittle sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bringin much of

30、 the towns spend the night (somerevenue because of them four orthey five andinnights)pouringcashothehos takerestaurants.Thesightseerscaneverything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk dont see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to thesubsidy of the Royal Shakespeare

31、 Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Neverthelessevery hoown seems to be adding a newwing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building itsown hothere, which you may be sure willbe decoratedwith HamletHamburger Bars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway, th

32、e townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all yearlongandthisyeartheylldobetter.)Thereason, of course, ist costs have rocketedand ticket prihav

33、e stayed low.It would be a shame to raise pritoomuch because it would drive away the youngpeoplewhoareStratfordsmostattractivecne. They come entirely for the plays, notthe sights. They all seem to look alike (thoughtheycomefrom allover)-lean, poed,dedicatedfa,wearingjeansandsandals,eating their buns

34、 and bedding down for thenight on the flagstones outside the theatre tobuy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.25.Theauthorsuggestsinprethelastre 同paragraph龄压力 ist the effect ofpeerA harmful 有害的B desirable 满意的C profo

35、und 深刻的questionable 质疑的however, bureaucratshowsucsfullyexperts groupsand andcanselectourpeersteer their activities in virtuous directions is far less certain . Its like the teacher who breaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works. An

36、dts theproblem with a sol cure engineered fromDthe outside:he real world, as in school, weinsist on choosing our own friends.出现比较的话对比一定会出现两个对象进行I am oldI am older5874举例的作用就是论证观点case, illustrate 证明, exle, demonstrate 证明,prove,story，toshow,toto-，.ismentioned /quotedLikewise后方he same way观点在例子的53. ThetA

37、caseof Schutt helmet demonstratedsome injury claims were no longersupportedbylawBhelmetswerenotdesigned to prevent injuries 举例Cproductlabelswould eventually bediscarded无中生有 Dsomesportsgames might lose popularity with athletes 举例Now the tide 潮流appears to be turning 转变.Asalinjuryclaims虽然索赔continue as

38、before, some courts are beginningto sidewith defendants, espelly incaseswhereawarninglabel警 告probably wouldnt have changed anything. InMay,JuNimmons,ofSchuttSports in Illinois, sucsfully fought a lawsuitinvolving a football player who was paralyzedin a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. Were really

39、 sorry he hase paralyzed, buthelmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries, says Nimmons. The jury agreed t the nature of the game, not the helmet,was the reason for the athletes injury. At thesametime,theAmericanLawandInstitute,agroupwhoseofjudges,lawyers,academicssubstantialmendationsc

40、arryweightiednewguidelinesfortortlawsingt ofacompaniesneednotwarncustomersobviousdangersorbombardthem a seawithlengthylistofsibleones.Important information can get buried inof trivialities, says a law professor atCornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the lega

41、lcommunity has its way, the information onproducts might actually be provided for thebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainst legal liability.56. What does the exle ofillustrate?A Wealthy people tend to have fewer 更少地 childrenn poor people. 不符合不符合的选项一定是错误的B Natural selection hardly works 起作用among

42、 the rich and the poor. 同义替换CsmallerThenmiddle class population is 80%t of the tribes. 就事论事Dvery highis one of the countries with abirth rate. 符合也未必是正确所问非所答There is another way to commit evolutionarysuicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile ashe past. Exceptinsomereligio

43、uscommunities,veryfewwomen has 15 children. Nowadays the numberof births, like the age of death, haseaverage. Most of us have roughly the samenumberofoffspring.Again,differenbetn people and the opportunity for naturalselectiontotakeadvantageofit=differencemediocrity of todayeveryone being the samein

44、 survival and number of offspringmeanst natural selection has lost 80% of itserin upper-middle-class tribes. compared to thehave diminished 减少.shows what ishappening. The country offers wealth for afew in the great cities and poverty for theremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrand46.Whatdoes the authorend to

45、 illustrate? 例证wi题ofoverlooked被 忽 视 的AAkindinequality 不.B A type of conspicuous 显而易见的 bias偏见.al 个人的 prejudice 偏C A type ofAA A cars and Zodiac cars见.D A kind of brand 品牌 discrimination 歧视.Over unfairnessthepastcentury,allkindsofanddiscriminationhavebeencondemned or made illegal. But one insidiousins

46、idious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.字母表 This, for those asunaware 缺点ofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of thealphabet. 第一段的末尾出现了定语从句也是要看的重点It has long been known t a taxi firmcalled AAAA cars has a big advantage over

47、Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is theadvantaget Adam Abbott has in life overZo Zysman. English names are fairly evenlyspread betn the halves of the alphabet. Yeta suspiciously large number of top people havesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetnAyetand K.

48、Thus vice-theAmericanandhave surnames starting with Band C respectively; and 26 of Gee Bushspredesors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthehalfofthealphabetagainst just 16he second half. Even morestriking, six of the seven heads ofernmentoftheG7 richcountriesare alphabeticallyadvantaged (Berlusconi, B

49、lair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three topcentral bers (Greenspan, Duisenberg andi) are all close to the top of the alphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapacharacters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).53.Theauthorwrites the developmen

50、t ofgeologytodemonstrate.例证题Atheprosofspelizationandprofesalisationof amateurs 业余爱B the hardship好者 in scientific studyCthechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublicationsDthediscriminationofprofesalsagainst amateursSpelization can be seen as a responseto the problem of an increasing accumulationof scientifi

51、c knowledge. By splitting up thesubjectmatterosmaller units,onemancould continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. Butspelizationwasonly oneofaseriesofrelated developments in science affecting thepros of communication. Another was thegrowing activity.Noprofesali

52、sationofscientificclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetn profesals and amateurs in science:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry aconno fullyion egratedt theconcerned is noto the scientific communityand,inparticular,may notfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspelizationint

53、henineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirement training, imp participationofalonger,morecomplexd greatroblems for amateurinscience.Thetrendwasofnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasscience based espelly on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geolo

54、gy in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research p r. Thus, he nineteenth century, local geological

55、 studies represented worthwhile research heir own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasinglye acceptable to profes als only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way

56、. The overall result has been to make entrance to profes al geological journals harder for amateurs, a results been reinforced by the widespread roduction of refereeing,towardseithrofesaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprosofaldifferentiationhasledtoprofesgeologists coming together nationally with

57、in one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Althoughtheprosof wasprofesalisationandspe inlizationalready duringwell theunder way nineteenthBritish geologycentury, delayed science centuryits untilfull theconsequen twentieth however,werethus Incentury.generally,thenine