2021届高考英语一轮复习基础语法精讲及真题练习专题11定语从句含解析

1、2021届高考英语一轮复习基础语法精讲及真题练习专题11定语从句含解析2021届高考英语一轮复习基础语法精讲及真题练习专题11定语从句含解析2021届高考英语一轮复习基础语法精讲及真题练习专题11定语从句含解析高考分析专题11 定语从句定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；2.关系副词where引导的定语从句（近年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；3.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；4。as引导的非限制性定语从句。定语从句概览语法详解在复合句中作定语，

2、修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。被修饰的部分叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫做关系词.限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句的区别分类关系词的使用用法定语从句限制性定语从句作宾语的关系代词可以省略；可用that引导对先行词起修饰限制作用非限制性定语从句关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略；不用that引导对先行词起补充说明作用.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等He has two sons, who work in the same company.（He has only two sons.）

3、He has tow sons who work in the same company.（Perhaps he has more than two sons.)He failed in the match, which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子） （=He failed in the match， and it was a great pity。）(2)定语从句关系词的用法关系先行词关系代词在从句中充当的成分who指人主语、宾语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语that指人或物主语、宾语、表语whose指人或物定语as指人或物主语、宾语

4、when指时间作时间状语where指地点作地点状语why指原因作原因状语注意：1。作宾语时who和whom常可互换，但作宾语的关系代词前有介词时用whom.The old man with whom I often go to the park is my grandfather。2. “whose+名词”可与“限定词+名词+of which/whom或“of which/whom +限定词+名词”换用。The house whose windows（=the windows of which或of which the windows） face the street is my uncles

5、.This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.=This is the scientist， the achievement of whom are well known.=This is the scientist， of whom the achievements are well known.例句：The boy who/that was in the office yesterday is my brother.I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcar

6、ds.The work that/which has just been finished is very important。Thats the girl （whom/who/that） I teach。This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school.I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.Id like to know

7、the reason why you are so late。（3）关系代词与关系副词选用依据判断依据说明例句 根据从句中的谓语动词判断从句谓语动词为及物动词，后面如无宾语，就需用关系代词;从句谓语为不及物动词则要用关系副词 This is the factory that/which I visited last year。(visit及物动词）This is the factory where he used to work。(work不及物动词)根据先行词在从句中所作的成分判断先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时，用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词Is this the museum （tha

8、t/which) you visited a few days ago?(作宾语)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held？(作状语)（4)关系代词that和which的区别1。 在限制性定语从句中，用关系词that不用which的情况：先行词是不定代词或被不定代词all，little，few, much,everything，anything，nothing，none，some等修饰时Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？I have some books that

9、 are worth reading.先行词被the very，the only，the right，the last等修饰时This is the very bus that Im waiting for。先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时This is the best way that has been used against pollution.This train is the first that will go to Suzhou.当先行词既有人又有物时Do you know the persons and things that they are ta

10、lking about?当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Which is the bike that you lost?有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用thatThey secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution。当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.主句时there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用whi

11、ch引导There is a seat in the corner that is still available.2。 当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况:在非限制性定语从句中,只用which，不用thatThe sports meeting was put off， which astonished me.当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用thatThis is the house in which Lu Xun once lived。先行词后面有插入语是，只用which，不用thatHere is the English grammer bo

12、ok which, as Ive told you, will help you improve your English.先行词本身是that时，只用which,不用thatWhats that which flashed through the sky just now？题组训练,用关系代词that或which填空I refuse to accept the blame for somehting _ was someone elses fault.Whenever I met her， _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smi

13、le。All the presents _ your friends gace you on your birthday should be put away.This is the very book _ I have been looking for。He was late for the opening ceremony， _was very surprising to me。（5）as 与which的用法区别as(1)引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构：such名词as 。. 意为“像一样的；像之类的”；such(代词）as 。

14、.。,意为“像一样的；像之类的”;the same （名词) as 。.意为“和同样的”。He is such a man as is always ready to help others.(作主语） I have the same book as you （have)(作宾语） （2）引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为“正如;像”.You cant judge a book by its cover, as the old saying goes.（作宾语)正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”特别注意关系代词在从句中作宾语时一般可省略，但其前有介词时一般不可省略。

15、2which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置灵活,可位于句首、句中也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see， hear， know, expect， remember等意思上意为 “这”表示“正如,正像的那样”She married again, which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。She married again， as we expected。正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了.（6)关系副词与关系代词的易混点若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation， point,

16、 stage， position, part， condition， case等，且引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导.I have come to the point where/at which I cant stand him。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。Hes got into the situation where/in which he is in debt。他已经陷入负债累累的境地。At last he got the position （that/which）

17、he had been dreaming of。他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。（7）“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句构成句法功能用法指津名词（代词)介词关系代词主语可转化为“whose名词结构数词(形容词最高级)of关系代词主语数词还可以用some， many, most， each等不定代词替换介词(短语）关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换(从句常用倒装语序）介词关系代词名词状语关系代词常用which 和whose介词关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或toThe newly。built gymnas

18、ium， the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us， especially after hard study。新建成的体育馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的去处，特别是在刻苦学习后。He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever。他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。She still remembers the day on which she won the prize。她仍然记得她获奖的那一天.He is

19、 studying in the classroom now， in front of which stand two trees.他现在正在前面有两棵树的那间教室里学习。Mother is preparing lunch, during which time children are playing outside.妈妈在准备午餐,在此期间，孩子们在外面玩。There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station。我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。(二）两个注意点1“介词which/who

20、m”引导的定语从句中介词的确定：（1)根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定。Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now？你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗?(talk作“交谈”讲时，常与with或to搭配)(2）根据语意表达的需要来确定。Knowledge is the wings with which we realize our dreams.知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。（with表示用某种手段、工具）2“介词which名词”结构引导的定语从句.常见的这类结构有：during which time在此

21、期间at which time在这时at which point在这一时刻 for which reason由于这个原因in which case在这一情况下（8）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。One of+复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式。Titantic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in hollywood。the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式Titantic is

22、the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in hollywood.当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式.Great changes have taken place in China， as is known to all。（9）注意way和time后接定语从句的情况1. 当先行词是way（方式,方法）定语从句中缺宾语时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式： that The way which he explained to u

23、s was quite simple.（从句缺宾语） 不填 thatThe way in which he explain the sentence to us was difficult to understand。（从句缺状语） 不填2。 先行词时time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词during+which引导定语从句。This is the second time （that） the President has visited the country。There was a time

24、when/during which there were no radios, telephones or Tvsets。练习.单句语法填空1（2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes。2(2018全国卷）The Chinese Ministry o

25、f Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil。testing program_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons。3(2018浙江高考）Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize

26、how cheap it can be to eat out。4（2017全国卷）But Sarah， _ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.5(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured

27、by artists in so many Chinese paintings。6(2018江苏高考改编）Selfdriving is an area_ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line。7（20176月浙江高考）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， _ it remained until th

28、e carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长） through it.8（2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s， _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild。9（2017江苏高考改编）In 1963 the U

29、N set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.10（20166月浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.11(2015安徽高考改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _school education depends。

30、12（2015重庆高考）He wrote many childrens books， nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.13（2018全国卷）They also had a small pond which they raised fish._1。解析：that/which分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。2。解析:that/which空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soil。testing program”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which.3。

31、解析:who/that先行词是Many westerners，指人,故用who/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。4.解析：that/which根据语境和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句,先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语,因此答案为that/which.5.解析：who分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。6。 解析：where句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线上的领域。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词area,并在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。7. 解析：where分析句子结构

32、可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the garden”,在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where引导。8. 解析：when分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的“the mid.1980s”，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。9。 解析：whose句意：1963年，联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，它的其中一个目的就是减少世界范围内的饥饿问题。关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰purposes，whose purposesthe World Food Programmes purposes。10。 解析：which句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出来

33、许多理论，但没有一项理论得到证明。先行词为theories,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。11。 解析：which句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育依赖的基本技能。depend upondepend on“依靠，依赖”。结合句意及句子结构可知，upon及其后的句子成分在句中作the fundamental skill的定语，是定语从句。从句中缺少一个宾语，故用关系代词which。12。 解析：which句意：他写了很多儿童书籍，差不多一半发表于20世纪90年代。先行词为childrens books,在从句中作介词of的宾语，故要用which.13. 解析：which前加in或whichw

34、here分析句子结构可知,they raised fish是定语从句，其先行词是pond,在定语从句中应该作介词in的宾语，或者用关系副词where作状语。单句改错1On the other hand, I can see the singers stories, who are so inspiring.2Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station where you can hire to reach your host family。3She thanked me several times sincerely， that made me fe

35、el extremely proud.4Secondly, manage our time wisely by setting up a study schedule， that can help us improve our learning efficiency。5Looking at the spot what he thought the “fly was again, he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strength.6Last week, I along with my classmates was asked to attend a