2021高考英语阅读理解题技巧课件

1、主旨大意 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2) 目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is

2、to The author intends to.3) 标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might be 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句抓大意 读尾句抓大意 在中间抓大意 读首尾段抓大意3.)主题句隐含在全文中 无主题句隐含在全文中明显主题句时高频信息词 任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。Sampl

3、e 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fr

4、uit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在说明文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own.

5、 Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主题句也会出现在段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。 Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few i

6、nventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时

7、, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but,yet,however,infact,indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。 2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“inbrief/short,above/in/after/allinall, inconclusion,in a word”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。 3)如果主题句含有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。主题句在短文中间Sample 4Shu

8、Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.” Shu said. “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.（4）首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.

9、通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味. (5) 从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现的词为关键词，一般与主旨相关 练习：

10、1.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer Smoking is a bad habitLCO advises people to stop smokingWhy d

11、id people die of Lung cancer?The main idea of the passage is _.A2.Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. Name or no name ? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a stat

12、ement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say.The passage is mainly about_.A. honor and writers B. identity and signatureC. signature(签名) and responsibility D. anonymity and signatur

13、e How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。1、细节题的题干分析2 、细节题解题方法教学内容事实细节题考查的六大信息事实细节题干常用when, where, who, why, what 和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容

14、，即 _、 _、 _、 _、 _和 _。 时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 1.According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误）4 The author ( or the passage) states that_.5 .设题方式： 题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用

15、其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。题型特点：解题技巧与策略第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning) 浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading) 注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱”，学会“排除”干扰项。 (New York) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice

16、before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday. He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to he

17、r father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. Exercise 1 Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人， 可以以dive为线索找到原文的He handed the girl to her father， David Anderson， who had dived in

18、after him， 故可知答案是David Anderson。1. wh-细节题 语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可痊愈。Exercise 2 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious

19、, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms._Q. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning come

20、s in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.以偏概全三正一误2 是非题Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.Exercise 3 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy

21、? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35

22、to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=2753 计算题CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100

23、Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a ba

24、by does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories th

25、at a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C 符合图表内容。4 图表题细节题类型1.wh细节题2.是非题3.计算题4.图表题5.排序题 6.其它题 有时命

26、题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如all, absolutely, only, never, completely, definitely等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。注意“陷阱”：_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存扩大(缩小)范围偷换概念以偏概全无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节_符合常识，但不是文章的内容_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要

27、求的内容答非所问选项In terms of the answers1 正误并存2 扩大缩小范围3 偷换概念4 以偏概全5 无中生有6 答非所问细节理解事实细节题解题技巧1.若针对举例子,名人名言出题,只需要例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no,

28、completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.The underlined word “ ” refers to (means / stands for) .Which of the following words

29、can take the place of / be replaced by the word “ ”?What is the meaning of “ ” as the words are used in the text?Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ ”? 常见词义猜测题型考查方向：、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；、通过近义词、反义词和常识

30、理解词汇的能力。1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. (adj. 易碎的, 脆的)定义常见词汇及短语：be called, be known, be defined as, constitute, refer to 等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。解释常见词汇及短语：or, that is to say, in other words, to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句

31、子。2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but, yet, while、however, otherwise on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in spite of , instead等。She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. S

32、imilarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj. 巨大的;极大的)4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great need for f

33、ood and clothing. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. (adj. 贫穷的,穷困的) (concentrate/focus her attention on)因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, because, for, due to, owing to, for the reason that, result from, so,therefore, thus, consequently, result in等。5. Example 例举

34、法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as, like等 。Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.(n. 电器用具)6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以

35、用来引申或转变原词的意义，即派生。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了;另外还有合成与转化。常见的前缀和后缀如：super- (超) mini- (迷你的, 微小的)micro-（微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)superman microwave(超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的) antiageing nonsmoker(抗衰老的) shewolf sleep

36、-walk(母狼) Can you guess the right meanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(梦游) Eg. Im going to buy a microbus. micro+bus 微型公共汽车 二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意练习 Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.“Havingnocontactwithg

37、randchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparentshealth.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies，”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparent

38、sageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20yearperiodwasone thirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasntarelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorne

39、ighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenon-helperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive，”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.Arpinonoted,howe

40、ver,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtake into accounttheirparentsneeds,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，

41、”hesuggested.“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,whatproperamountsofhelpmeans，”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(强度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”1Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?AHumanevolutionaryh

42、istory.BDemandofmodernsociety.CSocialcontactbetweenrelatives.DDataonmanyelderlypeople.2InArpinosopinion,childcare_.AissuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnessesBallowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullifeCcreatesmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeopleDmakessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople3Whatdoestheunderlin

43、edpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph6probablymean?ALimit.BIgnore.CFavor.DConsider.4Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?AGrandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.BGrandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.CProperamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.DCaregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerl

44、ife.1. 解析：D推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。2. 解析：B推理判断题。根据题干中的Arpinosopinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以

45、使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。3. 解析：D词义猜测题。根据上文中toomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivities及后面的“.theirparentsneeds,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，takeintoaccount意为“考虑”，与consid

46、er意义相近。故选D项。4. 解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensityofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。 BenjaminWest, thefatherofAmericanpainting, showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsof

47、age. Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone. Inthosedays, abrushwasmadefromcamelshair. Therewerenocamelsnearby. Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead. Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong. SoonBenjaminneededmorefur. Beforelong, thecatbegantolookra

48、gged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick. Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecatslotwasabouttoimprove. Thatyear, oneofBenjaminscousins, Mr. Pennington, cametovisit. HewasimpressedwithBenjaminsdrawings. Whenhewenthome, hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes. Healsosentsixengravings(版画)b

49、yanartist. ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold, Mr. Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit. HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift. HeaskedBenjaminsparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity, Mr. Penningtonga

50、veBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings. Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting. WilliamWilliams, awell-knownpainter, cametoseehimwork. WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome. Thebookswerelonganddull. Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle, havingbeenapoorstudent. Buthelat

51、ersaid, Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday, andundermypillowatnight. Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks, theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings. Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A. BenjaminsvisittoPhiladelphia.B. Williamsinfluenceon

52、Benjamin.C. ThebeginningofBenjaminslifeasanartist.D. ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A. Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B. Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C. Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D. Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.3.WhatdidPenningto

53、ndotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A. Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B. Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C. HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D. Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.4.WilliamstwobookshelpedBenjaminto_.A. mastertheuseofpaints B. appreciatelandscapepaintingsC. gettoknowotherpaintersD. ma

54、keuphismindtobeapainter1. C 主旨大意题。本文介绍了本杰明韦斯特在六岁到九岁时对绘画的热爱,他所面临的问题以及大艺术家威廉威廉姆斯对他的影响及帮助,引导着他走上了艺术家的道路。故选C项。2. D 句意猜测题。画线句是第三段的段首,其作用应是引出本段的内容。由上文可知,本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷。画线句后面的意思是,本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料。故画线句子的意思应该是与本杰明需要画刷有关,故选D项。3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.”以及最后一段中的“Inthecity,

55、 Mr. PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知,表兄给本杰明提供了画刷等绘画材料来帮助他学习绘画,故选B项。4. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“.theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings. Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可知,这两本书对他的影响更多的是在精神方面,而不是知识方面,这两本书坚定了他的梦想,引导着这个九岁的男孩走上了绘画的道路。故选D项。Itssurprisinghowmuchs

56、implemovementofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink. Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful, crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(领悟).Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects, whatabouttheclotheswewear? Wereallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeus

57、feelmoreattractive, sportyorprofessional, dependingontheclotheswewear, butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(认知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling?AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeoplespowersofattention. Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists, whoareinturnthoug

58、httohavecloseattentiontodetail.Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhowerent. Indeed, theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect“enclothedcognition,”suggestingthatallmannerofdifferent

59、clothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments. Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative? Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful? Doesachefshatmaketherestaurantfoodtastebetter?FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticl

60、esforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow. HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(学位服).1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.C. Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.D. P