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1、二轮复习书面表达中高级语法运用技巧之一:非谓语动词动名词、现在分词和过去分词和不定式一、动名词动名词是由动词的 ?ing 形式构成,兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。 它可以带有自己的宾语, 也能被副词修饰。 动名词有时态和语态的变 化,可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic. 这样野蛮的骑车方式导致了交通混乱。 (2015?江苏 )Some students are addicted to playing computer games and some often cheat in the
2、exams.一些学生迷恋玩网络游戏, 还有一些经常在考试中作弊。 (2015?广东 )As for cheating in the exams, I will tell them the importance of honesty.至于考试作弊,我会告诉他们诚实的重要性。 (2015?广东 )As an old saying goe,s living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.俗话说得好,生活没有明确的目标就好像航海没有指南针。 (2015?重 庆)Hope to meet you
3、at the training camp this summer. 希望在今年夏天的训练营见到你。 (2015?北京 )As a student ,I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.作为一个学生, 我可以告诉你, 没有什么比在同学们面前受到老师表 扬更好的事情了。 (2015?湖南 )二、现在分词现在分词的一般式: doing;一般被动式: being done;完成式: having done;完成被动式: having been
4、done。 所有否定式都是在 ?ing 前面 加 not ,包括独立主格形式。 现在分词既具有动词的特征, 可以有自 己的宾语和状语;又具有形容词和副词的特征, 可以充当表语,定语, 状语,补足语,表示主动或正在进行的动作。(1)While visiting the art exhibition ,we discussed the great artists works.参观艺术展时,我们讨论了伟大的艺术家们的作品。 (2016?天津 )(2)A week before Earth Day,posters were put up around our school , calling upon
5、 us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 地球日的前一周,学校里张贴了海报,号召我们参加绿化地球的行动。 (2016?北京)(3)I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. 得知你对中国历史感兴趣,我感到很自豪。 (2016?北京 )Some riders of e?bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions, ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles. 一些骑电动车和自行车的人
6、朝四面八方往来穿梭, 忽视交通灯和其他车辆。 (2015?江苏) (5)With English words getting popular in both media and daily life , a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups:“For” and “Against” 随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中越来越流行, 一本汉语词典收录了 239 个英语单词,这使公众分成了相反的两派: “赞成”和“反对” 。 (2014?江苏)(6
7、)In the coming three years,our school life will be challenging. 在未来三年中,我们的学校生活将会是充满挑战的。 (2014?江西 )(7)Hearing this,the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmates face turned red. 听到这个,全班同学大笑起来,我同桌的脸变红了。 (2013?湖北 )(8)These days,breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon , causing seri
8、ous harm to life and the environment. 目前,违反交通规则,乱扔垃圾的事情屡见不鲜,对生活和环境造成 了严重破坏。 (2013?安徽 )三、过去分词 过去分词与现在分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行” ; 过去分词表示“被动和完成” (不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动, 只表示完成 )。分词都可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。可以 充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities. 按照日程安排,我们参加了几个有教育意义的活动。 (2016?天
9、津) (2)The “ ForeignC ultures s”e ction in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. 在我们报纸上的“外国文化”这一节很受我们学生的欢迎。它有一些 外国朋友写的关于他们本国文化的文章。 (2015?全国 )(3)Compared to the traditional ones,they have three new uni
10、que functions.与传统的相比,他们有三个新的独特功能。 (2014?湖南)(4)I am really moved and inspired by her kindness. 我被她的善良感动和鼓舞着。 (2014?广东)(5)However,it was harder than expected.然而,它比预料的难。 (2014?福建)(6)I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. 我注意到入口处很小而且几乎被堵塞了。 (2014?北京) 即时训练用非谓语动词翻译下列句子 1我喜欢被表扬。 (2015?湖南)I li
11、ke being praised. 2大师写的经典作品通过迷人的故事和语言展现出伟大的思想。 (2014?浙江)Classic works,written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.3得知我们的图书馆要买书,我想给一些建议。 (2014?浙江 )Knowing that our library is going to buy books ,I d like to give some suggestions.4因为对那件事感到相当抱歉, 我开始考虑做点什么给予帮助。 (2
12、013 ?陕西)Feeling quite sorry for that,I begin to think about what to do to help.5美丽的月亮挂在天空,我们坐在一起吃月饼和水果,分享我们的故事。 (2013?辽宁)With the beautiful moon up in the sky , we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit, sharing our stories.不定式 动词不定式是构成长句的一个重要因素。 不定式由自己的宾语、 状语 和补足语, 组成不定式短语。 在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个 整体。不
13、定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。一、不定式作主语(1)It is everybody s duty to observe them to keep our society in order.遵守它们 (交通规则 )以保持社会秩序是每个人的责任。 (2015?江苏 )(2)It takes four to six weeks to finish the report. 要完成这个报告会花费我四到六周的时间。 (2015?广东 )It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the lo
14、cal life.能告诉你关于当地生活的一些相关信息是我的荣幸。 (2014?天津 )(4)We can see that it s not uncommon for one language to borrow wordsfrom other languages.我们可以看到一种语言借用其他语言的词汇的现象很普遍。 (2014?江 苏)(5)It nost difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.对他们来说,在汉语语境中理解这些词汇并不难。 (2014?江苏 )二、不定式作宾语(1)I learned
15、from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. 我从你的海报上得知你想提高普通话。 (2015?四川 )(2)I tend to take the “ Against ” side for two reasons. 我倾向于支持反对方,原因有两个。 (2014?江苏 )(3)People need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. 人们需要学会接受事实,继续努力。 (2013?北京 )(4)I will regard it as my duty to help ke
16、ep our environment clean and healthy.我会把它当作我的职责,以帮助保持我们的环境清洁和健康。 (2013? 安徽)三、不定式作表语The important thing is to learn to control your temper. 重要的是学会控制你的情绪。 (2014?安徽 )(2)The first thing I plan to do is to do a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant.我计划做的第一件事是在快餐店做兼职。 (2013?山东 )四、不定式作定语(1)Our class came
17、 up with the idea to make better use of used materials. 我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。 (2016?北京 )(2)Could we make another appointment to go to the bookstore together?我们能另约个时间一起去书店吗? (2016?全国 )(3)Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. 成功在于百折不挠。 (2014?福建 )五、不定式作状语(1)In order to earn
18、 some extra money and reduce my familys burden, Id like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part- time job. 为了挣些外快减少家庭负担, 我想去外资企业找一份兼职工作。 (2016 ?全国)(2)We should make full use of time to study. 我们应该充分利用时间来学习。 (2015?广东 ) (3)We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get pr
19、epared for the future. 我们应该努力通过学习提高自我,为未来做好准备。 (2015?福建 )A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. 一个人迅速跑过去给那个女孩急救,我毫不犹豫地参与了。 (2014?湖 北)To make our life easier and the environment more beautiful , I have designed a pair of magic shoes. 为了使我们的生活更轻松
20、环境更美好,我设计了一双有魔力的鞋。 (2014?湖南)六、不定式作补足语She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.她耐心地向学生解释所有的规则, 而且要求他们每个人要遵守。 (2015 ?广东)I d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.我想邀请你在下周六和我们一起去
21、附近的敬老院过重阳节。 (2015?全 国)In my opinion , those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success. 在我看来,那些收到她的捐赠的人会受到鼓励,会更努力地学习,尽 他们的最大努力获得成功。 (2014?广东 )Every one of you is expected to be part of the event. 希望每个人都是这个活动中的一部分。 (2014?辽宁 )We were as
22、ked to make a sentence with it. 我们被要求用它造一个句子。 (2013?湖北 )七、疑问词不定式Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. 上周二,我们班邀请了一位老工匠来教我们怎样做面人。 (2015?北京 )It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.非常荣幸在这里与你们分享我的关
23、于高中学习内容的观点。 (2014?江 西)八、形容词不定式(1)Dear guests, you are welcome to take part in some activities. 亲爱的来宾,欢迎大家参加一些活动。 (2014?陕西 )(2)I vemry delighted to learn that you rceo ming to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term. 我很高兴得知下学期你要作为一名交换生来我们班和我们一起学习。 (2014?天津)I am good at communicati
24、ng and always ready to help others. 我擅长交际,乐于助人。 (2013?天津 )At this very moment,my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. 就在这时,我的父母回来了,看到所有房间整洁、地面光亮感到非常 惊讶。 (2013?陕西)(5)However,without their hard work , it is difficult to imagine what our environment w
25、ould be like.然而,如果没有他们的辛勤劳动, 很难想象我们的环境会是什么样的。 (2013?广东)九、不定式的主动形式表达被动含义(1)The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. 自行车似乎很沉,难以控制。 (2014?福建 )(2)Once,I was faced with great difficulty in learning English,especially in vocabulary and grammar,which,from my point of view ,is unlikely to overcome.我曾经在学英语方面面临很大困难, 尤其是词汇和语法, 这在我看来 是不可能克服的。 (2014?山东 )(3)In some experts opinion,livi
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