2018考研英语一写作基础讲义

1、2018英语写作基础PPT讲义主讲人：欢迎使用讲义并非老师授课的逐字稿，难免有错漏，任何疑问可以到知识堂进行提问不符，请以课程讲解为主，有英语（一）写作基础班第一节写作话题词汇：jtwang2013课程介绍1、第一节：写作话题词汇1）四考话题：社会热点、教育文化、人生哲理、环境保护2）写作词汇：2、第二节：句子写作句子写作话题钻石句型3、补充讲义：基础班 45 大钻石句型+20背范文一、社会热点类（一）健康：1、经典考题：1）2014 年英语（一）小作文：Directions: Write a letter of about 100 words to the to improve studen

2、ts physical condition.You should include the details you think neof your university, suggesting howsary.You should write ney on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name atDo not write the address. (10 po 2）2014 年英语（二）小作文：Directions:of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.s)Supwrite him an1)e you are

3、going to study atol him about your living habits, andnd share an apartment with John, a local student,2) ask for advice about living there.You should write ney on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name atDo not write the address. (10 pos)of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.2、词汇：生理健康：physical he

4、alth心理健康：mental/psychological health进行体育锻炼：do physical exercises 保持乐观：keep optimistic悲观的：pessimistic均衡饮食：well-balanced diet亚健康：sub-health公共卫生：public health心态：se of mind食品：junk food节食：go on a diet 减肥：lose weight提供医疗服务：provide medical servi牺牲健康：sacrifice ones health全面禁烟：total tobacco ban疾病：illness/dis

5、ease慢：chronic disease传染病：infectious disease（二）两代关系1、经典考题：1）2003 年Directions:：Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on thefollowing1）describe the set of drawings andret its meaning，2）poout its implications in our life.2）2014 年英语（一）Directions:：Write an essay o

6、f 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2)ret itsended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write ney on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 pos)相携2、词汇：代沟：generation gap弥合差距：bridge the gap相互理解：mutuaderstanding误解：misunderstanding赡养父母：support

7、ones parents照顾：take care of/look after：mistreat/maltreat 化社会：aging society化：population aging老年人：d/the elderly/senior citizens奉行孝道：practice filial piety（三）职业道德1、经典考题：2014 年 6 月六级写作Directions:：信设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：1、事情的起因；2、与书店的经过；3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量。词汇2、职业道德：profesal

8、 ethics伪劣产品：shoddy products/goods, counterfeit/inferior commodities行为：fraudulent activity/behavior/conduct诚信：honesty学术剽窃/：academic corruption：食品安全：food safety建筑质量：construction quality地沟油：gutter oil毒奶粉：poisonous milkder食品添加剂：food additive竞争：unfair competition管理部门：the administration机构：regulator厂家：manu

9、facturer漠视法律：ignore the laws推卸责任：shift blame onto others消费者权益：consumers rights anderests（四）爱心/社会公德：1、经典考题：2013 年英语（二）小作文Directions:：倡议信Suptoe your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmatesaninform them about the details, andencourage them to participate .词汇：2、公德

10、：public/sol morals/morality传统美德：traditional virtue责任：duty/responsibility责任感：sense of responsibility承担责任：shoulder/ame/undertake ones duty/responsibility逃避责任：avoid/shirk ones duty/responsibility奉献：devote/dedicate/devotion/dedication无私奉献：selfless devotion信任：trust crisis不道德行为：immoral behavior希望工程：Projec

11、t Hope慈善机构：charity捐款：donate/donation贫困的乡村地区：poor rural areas尊老爱幼：respect the old and love the young随地吐痰：spit everywhere大声喧哗：make noise/talk loudly二、教育文化类（一）教育：1、经典考题：1）2013 年英语（一）大作文：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1）describe the d

12、rawing briefly.2）explain itsended meaning, and3）give you comments.选择2）2012 年英语（一）小作文：建议信Directions:Someernational students are coming to your university. Write them anhename of the Students Union to1) extend youre and2) provide some suggestions for their cus life here.3）2015 年英语（一）小作文：Directions:You

13、 are going to host a club reading ses mending a book to the club members. Write anof about100wordsYou should se reasons for yourmendation.You should write ney on the ANSWER SHEET.of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not sign your own name atDo not write the address. （10 pos）词汇：2、1）学位：学士学位：bachelo

14、rs degree学位：masters degree博士学位：doctoral degree获得学位：obtain/receive degree 2）学校：nursery/kindergarten小学：primary/elementary school中学：middle/high school综合性大学：university学院：college/institute/school中等教育：secondary education高等教育：higher education大学生：college/university student大学毕业生：college/university graduate教授

15、：professor系：department专业：major教学设施：teaching facility：dining hall/canteen宿舍（楼）：dormitory馆：library选修课：elective/optional course必修课：compulsory course学杂费：tuition fees and other expenses 3）教育教育：lifelong education素质教育：essential-quality-oriented education应试教育：exam-oriented education义务教育：compulsory education

16、 理论知识：theoretical knowledge 实践技能：practical skill信息时代：information age知识时代：era of knowledge explo逃课：skip class学习成绩：academic performance学习氛围：learning atmosphere开阔眼界：broaden/expand ones horizons激发：stimulate oneserest开发潜能：tap ones potential学生减负：redutudy load做：work part-time入学：start school辍学：drop out of s

17、chool完成学业：finish school 4）招生就业招生：recruitment录取：enrollment申请入学：apply for admisto/o高考：college entrance examination就业市场：job market雇主：employer雇员：employee职业培训：vocational training：take the National Entrance Test for M.A./M.S. Candidates（二）流行文化：1、经典考题：1）2006 年Directions:：Study the following photos carefull

18、y and write an essay in which you should1)describe the photos briefly;2)ret the sol phenomenon reflected by them, and3)give your poof view.把写在脸上花三百元做个“头”2）2015 年英语（一）大作文：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should1）describe thcture briefly,end

19、ed meaning, and2）ret its3）give your comments.You should write ney on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 po时代的“聚会”s)2、词汇：流行文化： popular culture无处不在：pervasive advertisement偶像：idol worship上网成瘾： ernet addiction虚拟生活：virtual life网上交友：making friends online网聊：online chat网上购物：online shop网络监督： ernet supervi网络：online实名制：rea

20、l-name system不负责：irresponsible remarks：lottery ticket： ernet game数码产品：digital products：text message入网：mobile phone subscription（三）中西文化1、经典考题：2010 年英语（一）大作文：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain i

21、tsended meaning, and then3) give your comments.文字说明：佛、解构、人本、功夫、毕昇、儒、礼、后现代、老舍、爱因斯坦、道、仁、天鹅湖、启蒙、京剧等2、词汇：传统中国文化：traditional Chi文化交流：cultural exchange文化融合：cultural blending 儒家：Confunism佛家：Buddhism道家：Taoismculture京剧：Peking Opera功夫：Kung-fu中国书法：Chicalligraphy仁：Goodness/Benevolence义：Righteousness礼：Politeness

22、/Ritual智：Wisdom信：Trust西方文化：Western culture启蒙运动：Enlightenment人本主义：humanism后现代主义：t-modernism解构主义：deconstruction多元文化：multi-cultures文化多元化：cultural diversity保护并珍视：preserve and cherish取其精华去其：select the essence and discard the dross促进文化发展：promote cultural development辉煌灿烂的文化遗产：glorious and splendid cultural

23、 heritage与时俱进：keep pace with the times跨文化交流：cross-cultural/ercultural communication文化差异：cultural difference文化传统：cultural tradition 人类文明：human civilization精神文明：spiritual civilization主流文化：mainstream culture解读经典：reion of classics：Shakespeare：Einstein三、人生哲理类：（一）经典考题：1、2004 年Directions:：Study the followi

24、ng drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1）describe the set of drawing,2）ret its meaning, and3）support your view with exles.2、2012 年英语（一）大作文：Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1）describe the drawing briefly.2）explain

25、 itsended meaning, and3）give you comments.（二）词汇：溺爱：dote on, spoil独生：only child激烈竞争：fierce competition啃老族：boomerang kids不劳而获：reap without sowing不断努力：make constant efforts决不放弃：never give up决不停止进步：never stop making progress取得成功：achieve sucs创新：innovation勤奋：diligence奋斗精神：striving spirit拼搏精神：determined sp

26、irit人生观：outlook on life世界观：outlook on the world耐心：patience谨慎：prudence出国：study abroad/overseas就业：employment创业：start ones own business积极的态度：itive attitude协力：joefforts团队精神：team spirit：exaggerate/overestimate difficulties低估能力：underestimate ones abilities谦虚：modesty四、环境保护类：（一）经典考题：1、2000 年Directions:：A. S

27、tudy the followino pictures carefully and write an essay ineast 150words.B. Your essay must be written ney on the ANSWER SHEET2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1) Describe thctures.2) Deduce the pure of the paer of thctures.3) Suggest counter measures.（二）2009 年小作文：建议信Directions:Rest

28、rictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so sucsful in some regions. “WhitePollution”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspgive your opinions briefly, andmake two or three suggestions.r to（二）词汇：环境保护：environmental protection提高环保意识：enhance the awareness of envi

29、ronmental protection保持生态平衡：maain ecological balance生态系统：ecosystem自然保护区：nature reserve可持续发展：sustainable development strategy宜人的生活环境：pleasant environment节能：save energy减排：reduce greenhouse gas emiss降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource consumption环保产品：environment-friendly product全球变暖：global warming低碳经

30、济：low carbon economy清洁可再生能源：clean and renewable energy sour核能：nuclear energy大功率电器：high-能：solar energyered electrical appliance：carbon dioxide气候变化：climate change环境：environment deterioration毁林：deforesion, clear-cutting过度开采：overexploiion水土流失：soil ero荒漠化：desertification增长：population growth野生动物保护：wildlif

31、e conservation濒危物种：endangered species商业捕鱼：commerl fishing捕捞过渡：overfishing自然：natural disaster破坏性：destructive earthquake沙尘暴：sandstorm旱灾：drought水灾：flood限期治理：bring under control with白色污染：white pollutionhe prescribed time limit限制使用筷子：dis袋：limit the use of disable plastic bagsable chopsticks乱扔：litter：tras

32、h/rubbish丢弃：throw/discard空气污染浓度：air pollutant concentrations汽车尾气排放：motor vehicle emis尾气净化器：exhaust purifiers无铅：lead-free/unleaded gasoline/petrol电动汽车：electric car天然气汽车：gas-fueled car小排量汽车：low-emiscar工业粉尘排放：industrial dust discharge烟尘排放：soot emiss矿物（煤、石油、天然气）：fossil fuel(coal, oil and natural gas)英语（

33、一）写作基础班第二节 句子写作：jtwang2013一、五大句型：（一）主谓：没人能通过的言语而生存下去。（职业道德）By dishonest words no one can survive.（二）主谓宾：人们拥有生理或心理问题。（健康）People suffer eith（三）主系表：hysical or mental problems.饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。（健康）Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical fitness.（四）主谓双宾：给了阿珂一本英文字典。Wei Xiaobao gives Ake an English

34、dictionary.（五）主谓宾宾补：金钱使人自私。Money makes people selfish.（二）长句写法：1、并列句：写作六大并列连词：and, or, not only but alsobut, while, whereas1）生产厂家保证生产高质量产品。（职业道德）Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality.商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。Commerl entrises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and e

35、nthusiasticservi.生产厂家保证生产高质量产品；商业企业发誓提供真货和礼貌热情的服务。Manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products ofgood quality; commerl entrises swear to providegenuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic servi.2）旅游业已经对生存的环境造成了巨大的压力。（环境保护）Tourism has exerted great prere on the environment we are living in.

36、旅游业已经对生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染.Tourism has exerted great prere on the environment we are living in: water is polluted.另一方面，旅游业已经对生存的环境造成了巨大的压力：水受到污染，生态平衡遭到破坏，自然资源被过度开发。On the other hand, tourism has exerted great prere on the environment we are living in:wateris polluted, the ecological system is disturb

37、ed, and natural resourhave been ex3）多元文化能得以保护。（文化融合） Multi-cultures can be kept alive.如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。Multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so.sively used.在我看来，如果人们能为多元文化花费时间的话，那么它就能得以保护。这对确保社会将来的繁荣和发展都。y view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people wi

38、th the time to do so, and isextremely vital in ensuring a communitys future development and prosperity.4）有些学生可以负担学费。（教育）Some students are able to support the tuition fees.有些学生自己或家里可以负担或出国的学费。Some students or their fami s are able to support the tuition fees oftgraduate studies orstudyinerseas.有些学生自己

39、或家里可以负担负担。或出国的学费，而对有些人来说这些费用是一项沉重的Some students or their fami s are able to support the tuition fees oftgraduate studies orstudyinerseas, while for others it would be too much of a finanl strain.2、从句：小作文 3-5 个，大作文 5-7 个1）定语从句：形容词从句人+who, whom, whose物+t, which时间+whenIn 2015 when I met JJ地点+where（1）温室

40、是溺爱和物质条件的。（两代关系）The greenhousetomizes doting care and materials.温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的。The greenhousetomizes parents doting care and abundant material shield the children from the storms.st can温室是保护孩子免受风雨的父母溺爱和优越物质条件的，而风雨就是严峻的现实。The greenhousetomizes parents doting care and abundant material shiel

41、d the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.（2）这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的。（职业道德）st canThis misconduct results in severe consequen.这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的，这很可能会影响将来的机会。This misconduct results in severe consequencet may very well impact future opportunitiesand so on.另外，这种不诚实行为还会产生严重的，这很可能会影响将来的机会。，如成绩上的惩罚、暂时停学、不良

42、行为In addition, this misconduct results in severe consequen, such as grade-related penalties,suspenso on., or an adverse disciplinary recordt may very well impact future opportunities and（3）错误的决定会让你着失望的就业前景。（教育）Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappoing carerospects.错误的决定会让你着失望

43、的就业前景，或是到头来浪费了时间和金钱。Students who make the wrong choice could be faced with disappoing careup wasting their time and money.rospects, or end（4）代表了体育界的形象。（流行文化）Beckham represents the image of sport hero.代表了体育界的形象，他的外表以及球技正是球迷们追捧的。Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose appearance football skil

44、ls are adored by allthe sports fans.代表了体育界的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷们热情追捧的。Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleledfootball skills are pas（5）几个十几岁的ay adored by all the sports fans.成名。（流行文化）Several teenage girls won their fame overnight.2005 年中国举办的“超级”大赛中，几个十几岁

45、的成名。Several teenage girls won their fame overnighthe 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,同样，2005 年中国举办的“超级”大赛中，几个十几岁的成名。围绕着这些偶像的意义和危害，这个事件激起了性的争论。Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnighthe 2005 Super Girl Contest in China,which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of

46、admiring these idols.（6）中国的和传统着的。（中西文化）For China, there is a dangert customs and traditions maye lost.和传另一方面，中国跟世界上其他快速发展的国家一样，年久的统着在现代化阴影里的。On the other hand, for China, as for any other ralydevelocountry, there is a dangert age-old customsand traditions maymodernization.e losthe shadows of（7）在贫困地区

47、有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。（定语从句）There are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped out of school in poverty-strickenareas.然而根据统计，在农村的贫困地区有两百万学龄儿童已经辍学。Yet according to recent sistics, there are over 2 million school-age children who have droppedout of school in poverty-stricken areas of the countryside

48、.（8）人生就像跑步的过程一样。（人生哲理）Life is like the pros of running.人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。One should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.，这幅漫画显示了如下含义：人生就像跑步的过程一样，人们应该不断努力，绝不停止进步。Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaningt life is like the pros of running in whichone should make constant efforts and

49、never stop making progress.（9）成群的游客涌入很多景点。（环境保护）A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors.成群的游客涌入很多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的，影响了大自然的美观。A good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creatingand leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.从漫画中，可以得出结论，画家想要表达下述信息：成群的游客涌入很

50、多景点，制造并丢弃了大量的，影响了大自然的美观。From the portrayal, we can concludet the paer wants to convey such a message: a goodmany scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating andleaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.2）状语从句：（1）原因状语从句：because,hat, since, as, forA. 人们选择慢跑作为锻炼。（健康

51、）People choose jogging as their exercises.人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball, swimming, skating, climbing or riding as their regular exercises.人们分别选择慢跑、打篮球、游泳、滑冰、爬山或骑车作为日常锻炼，这是因为这些运动总是使更强壮和精力充沛。People respectively choose jogging, playing basketball,

52、swimming, skating, climbing or riding astheir regular exercises because these exercises never fail to make us stronger and more energetic.B. 我保持均衡饮食。（健康）I keep a balanced diet.我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上 11 点之前睡觉.I keep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 oclock at night.我保持均衡饮食，而且晚上 11 点之前睡觉，因为我相信熬夜对身体有害。I ke

53、ep a balanced diet and go to bed before 11 oclock at night, because I be ve burning the midnight oil is harmful to health.C. 饮食和睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的。（健康）Diet and sleep are indispensable for physical fitness.大学生应该重视养成良好的。University students should put emphasis on good habits.因为均衡的饮食和充足的睡眠对于身体健康是不可或缺的，大学生应该

54、充分重视养成良好的。Since bobalanced diet and sufficient sleep are indispensable for physical fitness, universitystudents should put great emphasis on good habits.地区的贫苦儿童极易辍学。（社会公德）D.Poor children in backward areas are likely toe drop-outs.由于无法承担学费，和不的贫苦儿童极易辍学。Poor children in backward and underdeveloped area

55、s are likely tothey cannot afford the tuition.E. 中国不可能在教育方面投入巨资。（教育）e drop-outs becauseChina is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them.此外，由于一个发展中国家，不可能在教育方面投入巨资。Moreover, China is not likely to invest a huge amount of money in education to aid them since itis a develoco

56、untry.F. 任何国家都无法旅游业。（环境保护）Tourism could not be banned in any country.旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法旅游业。Tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy.，由于在其他收入很少的地区，旅游业确实有助于发展经济，因此任何国家都无法旅游业。Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore u

57、p theeconomy in plawhich offer few sourofe.（2）条件状语从句：if, unless, onceA. 人们发现他们已经被惯坏了。（条件状语从句）They are found too spoiled.人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在面前无法足够坚强。They are found too spoiled to be strong enoughhe face of difficulties.一旦年轻人开始寻求独立并接受来自现实世界的难面前无法足够坚强。，人们发现他们已经被惯坏了，在困Once the young peopego seek independence

58、 and accept challengesfrom the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enoughface of difficulties.heB. 这种痴迷将浪费的金钱和时间。（流行文化）The obseswill waste us time and money.这种痴迷将必定浪费大量的金钱和时间，影响的工作效率。The obseswill certainly waste us a great deal of timeand money, endangering the efficiency of our wor

59、k.如果只是靠模仿偶像发型或追逐时尚的方式来他们，这种痴迷将必定浪费大量的金钱和时间，影响的工作效率。If we simply worship the idols by imiing their hairstyle orpursuing fashions unreasonably, the obseswill certainlywaste us a great deal of time and money, endangering theefficiency of our work.就会过一种积极的生活。（流行文化）C.We will lead aitive life.如果努力提高自己，就会过

60、一种积极和收获显著的生活。We will lead a相反，如果itive and fruitful life ifndeavor to improve ourselves.靠弥补和榜样之间的差距来努力提高自己，就会过一种积极和收获显著的生活。On the contrary, we will lead aitive and fruitful life ifndeavor to improve ourselves bybridging the gap betn our ms and us.D. 他很难保持过去的荣誉。（人生哲理）He can hardly maain his past.一旦一个人