2023版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3EnvironmentalProtection课件新人教版选择性必修第三册

1、UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION核心单词阅读词汇1.emission n.排放物；散发物；排放2.melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化3.carbon n.碳4.fossil n.化石5.broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目6.policy n.政策；方针；原则7.footprint n.足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积8.basin n.流域；盆地9.moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt.缓和；使适中10.tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的11.chaos n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱1

2、2.nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的13.jungle n.(热带)丛林；密林14.smog n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)15.volume n.量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷16.enterprise n.公司；企业；事业vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动17.campaign n.运动；战役18.agenda n.议程表；议事日程高频词汇1._ vt.& n.排放；释放；发布2._ n.燃料；刺激性言行releasefuel3._ adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的worldwidetrendseize4._ n.趋势；趋向；动向5._ vt.抓住；

3、夺取；控制6._ vi.& vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良reformundergogarbagedozen7._ vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)8._ n.垃圾；废物9._ n.(一)打；十二个10._ vt.对处以罚款fine拓展词汇1._ vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死_ n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死starving adj.饥饿的；挨饿的starvestarvation2.ecology n.生态；生态学_ adj.生态的；生态学的_ n.生态学家ecologicalecologist3.habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境；栖息地_ adj.适合居住的habitab

4、lesustainable4.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住_ adj.可持续的；合理利用的prehend vt.理解_ n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习_ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的6._ adj.频繁的；经常的_ adv.频繁地；经常frequency n.频率；频繁comprehension7.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚_ n.限制规定；限制法规；约束comprehensivefrequent8._ n.协调；和睦；融洽；调和harmonious adj.和谐的frequentlyrestrictionharmony9.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈

5、服_ n.提交；服从submission10.annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴_adv.每年annuallysensesensitiveoriginal11._ vt.感觉到n.感觉_ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的sensible adj.明智的originally12.origin n. 起源；开始_ adj. 原始的；最初的_ adv.起初_ vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立13._ vt.恢复；使复原；修复restoration n.恢复14.conserve vt.保护；保持_ n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持originaterestoreconservati

6、on15.regular adj.定期的；规律的_ n.章程；规章制度regulationdisposal16.dispose vt.处理；清除_ n.去除；清除；处理disposable adj.可任意处理掉的；一次性的17._ vt.检查；查看；视察inspection n.检查；查看；视察_ n.检查员；巡视员inspectinspector18._ vt.忍受；包容；容许tolerance n.宽容；容忍_ adj.宽容的；容忍的toleratetolerant联想积累【派生构词】1.sustainable(动词形容词后缀-able同义形容词)acceptable 可接受的afford

7、able 支付得起的adaptable 适应的bearable 可忍受的2.starve(去 e)ation(动词名词后缀-ation同义名词)restore(去 e)ationrestoration 恢复conserve(去 e)ationconservation 保护organise(去 e)ationorganisation 组织reserve(去 e)ationreservation 预定【合成构词】worldwide(名词形容词新形容词)snowwhite 雪白的lifelong 终身的colorblind 色盲的worldfamous 举世闻名的重点短语1.on _ of 代表(代

8、替)某人behalfdozens2._ of 许多；很多starvein3._ to death 快要饿死了4.live _ harmony with 与和睦相处toin5.be sensitive _ 对敏感6.be trapped _ 陷入；困入refer7._ to 指的是；提到；参考；查阅；涉及；谈起searchincontribute8.in _ of 寻找9.result _ 导致10._ to 对做贡献；导致；有助于11.die _ 灭绝；逐渐消失12.take _ for 对负责outresponsibility精选佳句教材原句1._ _ _ _ _ Earth isgetti

9、ng warmer and warmer (see the graph).毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。句式结构句式 1：There is no/little doubt that.意为“毫无疑问”Thereislittledoubtthat教材原句keepingEarthsclimatewarm2.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane andcarbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, _ _ _ and habitable.大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸收了部分热量，使地

10、球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。句式结构句式 2：现在分词短语作结果状语教材原句manyofwhom3.Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatlyfrom an increasing volume of tourists, _ _ frequently threw garbage into the river.以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。句式结构句式 3：“数词of关系代词”引导定语从句课文复现In recent years, climate change has had

11、a great impact 1._the animals.In 2013, the whole world 2._ (shock) at anews photo of a dead polar bear on Norways Arctic island ofSvalbard.Due to the increase in temperature, the polar bear seemed3._ (die) from lack of food.onwas shockedAccording to climate scientists, a key climate process,4._ is c

12、alled the “ greenhouse effect” ， includes the“natural” greenhouse effect and the “manmade” greenhouseeffect. Theformerrefers tothe fact that heat from the sunto have diedwhichenterskeeping5._ (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earths surface.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat,6._

13、 (keep) Earths climate warm and habitable.However,the latter has become 7._ big problem.When people burnfossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere andcauses Earths surface temperature to rise 8._ (quick).The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to anincrease in extrem

14、e weather and natural 9._ (disaster)worldwide.Climate scientists warn that this warming trend willaquicklydisastersbecome 10._ (bad) if we do not take appropriatemeasures.The severe situation requires people all over the world topay more attention to it, because this is the most serious issueaffecti

15、ng all of us on this planet.worse单句语法填空1.The thieves _ (seize) by the policemen were takento the police station.seizedstarvationup2.Thousands of men ， women and children there are facing_ (starve) now.3.She started as a secretary but ended _ running thedepartment.4._ behalf of everyone here, I wish

16、you a pleasantjourney back to your country.On5.If everyone can live in harmony with others, our society willbecome more _ (harmony).6.The movie has received positive reviews since it _(release).harmoniouswas released7.Men who exercised _ (frequent) had a lowerrisk of cancers than men who didnt work

17、out.frequently8.Kids who grow up in a broken home tend to be moresensitive _ peoples feelings.to9.The relaxation of travel _ (restrict) means theyare free to travel and work.10._ (dozen) of people have been injured and manyvehicles set on fire.restrictionDozens1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死【原句】 An expert

18、 who has studied polar bears for manyyears said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appearedto have starved and died.(教材 P26)一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿死的。【典例】 In winter, many animals will starve to death if they cantfind enough food.Last year, about 200 animals died of starvatio

19、nin this area.在冬天，许多动物如果找不到足够的食物就会饿死。去年，这个地区大约有 200 只动物死于饥饿。 It is universally acknowledged that children all starve forlove and friendship.全世界都知道孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。【归纳】starve to death 饿死starve for 渴望(得到)be starved of.缺乏；急需【拓展】(1)starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死die of starvation 死于饥饿(2)starving adj.挨饿的；即将饿死的(3)表示“渴望

20、(得到)”的其他短语有：be thirsty for, behungry for, be dying for, be eager for, be anxious for, long for,desire for。【即学即用】单句语法填空starvationof(1)Millions of people will face _ (starve) unlessa vast emergency aid programme is launched.(2)These residents in the earthquake-hit area were starved_ food and clean wat

21、er.完成句子，每空一词starvetodeath(3)令人惊讶的是，世界上每年仍有许多人饿死。It is surprising that there are still many people in the world_ _ _ each year.2.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚【原句】 We as individuals can also reduce our “carbonfootprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestylesproduce.(教材 P27)我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们生活

22、方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。【典例】 What makes the course special is that we restrict thenumber of students per class to 10.这门课的特别之处在于我们把每节课的学生人数限制在 10 人以内。 My father restricted himself to smoking two cigarettes aday last year.去年我父亲控制自己每天只抽两支烟。【归纳】restrict.to.将限定在内be restricted to 限制在；局限于restrict oneself/sb.

23、to (doing) sth.限制自己/某人做某事【拓展】restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；控制without restriction 毫无限制【即学即用】单句语法填空restrictedrestriction(1)According to the rules, the tournament is _(restrict) to players under the age of 23.(2)To the citizens joy, the park is open to the public without_ (restrict).3.harmonious adj.和谐的【原句】

24、.China is implementing significant policies andmeasures to address climate change, aiming to restrict coalconsumption, promote a harmonious relationship between manand nature.(教材 P28)中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施，旨在限制煤炭消费，促进人与自然的和谐关系【典例】Humans are regarded as part of nature and the only way forus to survive

25、is to live in harmony with nature. 人是自然的一部分，我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。His tastes were in harmony with hers, which brought theminto harmony.他的爱好同她的爱好一致，这使得他们很融洽。【归纳】a harmonious society 一个和谐社会【拓展】live/work in harmony with.与融洽地生活/工作in harmony with.与协调/一致【即学即用】单句语法填空harmonious(1)In short, a good and _ (harmon

26、y) environmentat home is necessary for a child to grow healthy.完成句子，每空一词(2)我了解到不同的种族应该互相尊重，和睦相处，而不是相互争斗。liveinharmonyI learn that different races should respect each other and_ _ _ instead of being at war.1.have an impact on 对有影响【原句】 This alarming case showed how the increase intemperature had an im

27、pact on Earths ecology.(教材 P26)这个令人震惊的案例显示了气温上升对地球生态的影响。【典例】Does television have an effect on childrens behaviour？电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？ From the passage, we know that reading can make adifference to a person.从文章中我们知道阅读可以对一个人产生影响。【拓展】(1)have an effect/influence on.对有影响(2)make a difference to.对有影响(3)affectinf

28、luenceimpact vt.影响【即学即用】oninfluenced单句语法填空(1)There is no doubt that man has had an impact _ theEarths climate.(2)We became the best of friends and he _(influence) me deeply.2.refer to 指的是；提到；参考；查阅；涉及；谈起【原句】 The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the factthat heat from the sun enters the atmospher

29、e and warms Earthssurface as short-wave radiation. ( 教材 P2627)“自然”温室效应是指太阳产生的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气并使地球表面变暖。【典例】Tom is going to refer the matter to the meeting.汤姆打算把这件事提交会议讨论。 The Pritzker Architecture Prize is often referred to as theNobel Prize in architecture.普利兹克建筑奖通常被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖。【拓展】【即学即用】查阅指的是写出下列句中 re

30、fer to 的中文含义(1)If you are a traveller without a guide leading the way, youneed to refer to a guide book for details of your journey._(2)It can also refer to a conflict or a disagreement, ofteninvolving violence._单句语法填空as(3)The scientist referred to the discovery _ the mostexciting new development in

31、 this field.3.dozens of 许多；很多【原句】 Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed ormoved.(教材 P32)数十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。【典例】Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separatehouse to raise dozens of chicken.去年冬天我再去到那里的时候，他们有一个单独的大房子来养几十只鸡。 It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steeland ot

32、her special materials.它很费钱，需要大量的钢材和其他特殊材料。【拓展】(1)只接可数名词： many, a few, dozens of, a number of, agood/great many 等；(2)只接不可数名词：much, a little, a large amount of, a greatdeal of 等；(3)既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词： a lot of, lots of,plenty of, a large quantity of 等。【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)_ number of roads have been blocked by

33、 fallentrees.ADozens(2)_ (dozen) of doctors and nurses have been workingday and night for weeks.1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer andwarmer (see the graph).(教材 P26)毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。【剖析】 本句是复合句，句中 There is little doubt that.为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，that 引导的是同位语从句，解释说明 doubt 的内容。【典例】(202

34、1全国甲卷阅读理解 B)I have no doubt that the littleone will be out and about exploring and playing every day.我敢肯定这个小家伙每天都会出去探索和玩耍。 While experts advocate delaying the retirement age, somecitizens doubt whether they can adjust easily to the new age ofworkforce.虽然专家主张推迟退休年龄，但一些公民怀疑他们是否能轻松适应劳动力的新时代。doubt词性句子种类

35、引导词常用句型n.肯定句whether 引 导同位语从句There is some doubtwhether.I have doubts whether.否定句that 引导同位语从句There is no/little doubtthat.I have no doubt that.vt.肯定句whether/if 引导宾语从句I doubt whether/if.否定句that 引导宾语从句I dont doubt that.【归纳】【拓展】(1)in doubt 怀疑地without doubt 毫无疑问地(2)doubtful adj.怀疑的(3)undoubtedly adv.毫无疑问

36、地(4)there 开头的其他常考句型：There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没意义。There is a/no possibility that.可能/不可能【即学即用】单句语法填空whetherwhether/if(1)There is some doubt _ he is the best man for thejob.(2)The chair looks a little weak and I doubt _ itwill bear your weight.完成句子，每空

37、一词(3)毫无疑问，这条公路的建设将有助于这个地区的发展。_ _ _ _ _ theconstruction of this highway will contribute to the development ofthis area.Thereisnodoubtthat2.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methaneand carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earthsclimate warm and habitable.(教材 P27)大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸

38、收了部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。【剖析】 本句是简单句。句中 keeping Earths climate warmand habitable 为现在分词短语作结果状语。【典例】(20216月浙江卷阅读理解A)He always had a sense ofcuriosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be justaround the corner.他总是怀着一种好奇心，想知道什么样的新角色或挑战可能即将到来。 (2020 天津卷 单项填空)The dancers incredibleperformance had t

39、he audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes atthe end of the show.舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。【即学即用】单句语法填空to findHaving washed(1)Tom returned from the war, only _ (find) that hiswife had left.(2)_ (wash) her hands, the girl began tohave supper.【题目】假定你是李华，你们班级举行了一场关于空气污染与人类健康的讨论会。请你根据下列提示，写一篇关于如何

40、防止空气污染的英文短文。内容包括：1.工厂减少污染气体的排放；2.人们采用环保的交通方式等。注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：It is known to us all that our health is closely connected withair quality, so we must take action to prevent the air pollution.First of all, some factories should take practical measures tostop giving off polluted ga

41、ses.Secondly, we should plant more trees,which can help improve air quality.Finally, if possible, peopleshould choose environmentally friendly public transportation whengoing to work.Its high time that we should protect our environment frombeing polluted.If we do our best to protect our environment, we canenjoy blue ski