蒙大英语国家-英国概况教案01The Country and People

1、 LectureOne The Country and People (I) The focus of teaching: the Country Teaching aim: let the students know the general knowledge of British geography and natural resources. Teaching style: instruction and group discussion.Teaching procedure:warming-up exercises General introduction to Great Brita

2、in and its natural conditions by PowerPoint;C. Discussion on the assignment;D. Assignment on information- gathering A. warming-up exercises a. Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.b. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. c. The British I

3、sles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.d. British Islese. Britain f. Great Britain LectureOneThe Country and People (I)The CountryI. The LocationThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in Western Europ

4、e and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America. It is an insular(海岛的、岛国的） country. It is one of the co

5、untries with longest coastline. Its coastline runs 12,429 km. The neighboring countries of Britain include France, Holland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Irish Republic, and the Iceland（8 countries). The mainland areas lie between latitudes (纬度）49N and 59N (the Shetland Islands reach to nea

6、rly 61N), and longitudes （经度）8W to 2E. The Straits of Dover between France and England is quite narrow and it is 33 km across. In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by

7、road. This channel tunnel was opened to traffic in May 1994 after eight years hard work.II. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.Englandis divided into nine governmental regions. England England occupies the southern part of Great Britain and is impor

8、tant part of the Kingdom in wealth, size, and population. It has an area of more than 130,000 square kilometers and it takes up nearly 60% of the whole island. The west and southwest is a plateau, with rolling plain, downs and moors. The west coast is deeply indented. They supply many splendid harbo

9、rs for ships. The south coast is fairly straight, a line of low cliffs backed by rolling down. London is Capital of England and Britain. London is the Capital of BritainAs the UK was greatly influenced by different invaders, it has various styles in building, language and food. In some small towns f

10、irst built by the Romans, you will find some historical attractions, where you can learn something about British culture. London is the greatest historical treasure of all the cities. There are various museums, art collections, theatres, and buildings there. Scotland Scotland is in the north of Grea

11、t Britain. It retained its own parliament until 1707, when, by the Act of Union, Scotland and the Kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Great Britain. In Scotland there are three natural zones: The Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands and the southern Up

12、lands. Scotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers, less than30% of the whole island, with a population of more than 5 million , less than one-tenth of the total population. It has a good number of mountains and islands. There are 800 islands which contain Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney islands.

13、Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. WalesWales is in the west of Great Britain. It has an area of 20,761 square kilometers , less than 9% of the whole island while its population, about 2.7 million, does not exceed 5% of the whole. Most of Wales is mountainous. The hills rise steeply from the sea

14、and rather flat on top. 6% of Wales is covered with forest and much of the country is pastureland for sheep and cattle. Wales united England in 14th century. The capital of Wales is Cardiff.Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. It takes up the northern fifth of Ireland. It

15、 has an area of 14,147 square kilometers, population of one and a half million, about one-third of them are Roman Catholics. It is made up of six counties that consist of fertile, drumlin drmlin 鼓丘 country surrounding Lough Neagh. Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.IrelandThe other 26 Irish

16、counties obtained autonomy in 1921. Irish , often called Erse :s 爱尔兰, is a form of Gaelic. Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山)is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m). Snowdonia(斯诺多尼亚)is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m） III. Climate and Weather Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives Englan

17、d a varied climate. People never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As Britain has such a variable climate changing from from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather. Changeable and unpredictable are the two words that

18、 come to mind when speaking of its climate. Britain has a maritimemritaim （海洋）climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. Britain is in the temperate climate zone and does not

19、have extremes of temperature or rainfall. The Gulf Stream, a large Atlantic Ocean current of warm water from the Gulf of Mexico, keeps winters quite mild whilst during summertime, warm but not excessively hot temperatures are experienced. The factors influence the climate in Britain : a）The surround

20、ing waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer; b）The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; c）The North Atlan

21、tic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The island is small compared with the other land masses in the northern hemisphere hence Britain is more influenced by the ocean compared with other European countries, and the Gulf Stream （墨西哥湾流） (a warm current of the northern

22、Atlantic Ocean) helps to keep winters milder compared with other landlocked nations with a similar latitude.Precipitation also varies throughout Britain. Western Britain, particularly the parts on higher ground, receives considerable rainfall. Most of this is frontal rainfall but there is also relie

23、f rainfall due to the mountains such as the Lake District and the Welsh Mountains. Parts of Scotland can receive over 250 cm or 100 inches of precipitation per year. Eastern Britain, particularly southeastern parts, receive much less rainfall. Areas of the southeast may receive only 50 cm or 20 inch

24、es of precipitation per year. Much of eastern Britain lies in the rain shadow of hills and mountains such as the Lake District, the Peak District and the Scottish Highlands. IV. Rivers and lakesSevern River(塞文河)is the longest river in Britain (338km). Thames River(泰晤士河)is the second longest and most

25、 important river in Britain. (336km). The River Thames, the second largest and the most important river in Britain, originates in southwestern England and flows through the Midlands of England to London and empties into the North Sea. River Clyde(克莱德河)is the most important river in Scotland. Lough N

26、eagh讷湖（内伊湖） is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres). Cultural NotesHighland Zone 山区大不列颠岛北部和西部大都是山地。Lowland Zone 平原区大不列颠岛南部和东南部，大都是平原区Lake District 湖泊区在英格兰西北部、奔宁山西侧。这里的山多奇峰，湖泊不大，但很多，风景极佳。英国文学史中的“湖畔派诗人”（Lake Poets）即源于此地。sensitive to privacy 对于涉及个人隐私

27、的问题很敏感英国的价值观的基础是个人主义，社会保护个人权利不受侵犯，人们交谈不得涉及个人隐私May Day 五朔节英国的“五朔节”是在每年的5月5日，类似中国的“清明节”（Pure Brightness），冬去春来，人们到田野里踏青，采五月花（Mayflower）装饰住室，并载歌载舞欢庆。6. Westerly wind belt 西风带来自大西洋的西风，常年影响英国，这是英国的气候温和多雨的主要原因之一。雪莱的名诗西风颂（Ode to the West Wind）的创作灵感也受此影响。英国人讨厌东风，因此也不买东风牌产品，因为东风来自欧洲大陆，往往给英国带来坏天气和寒流。Assignment

28、1. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?2. Compare some Chinese customs with the English ones. What do you know about the English eating habits? Extension LectureOne The Country and People

29、 (II) The focus of teaching: the People and Languages Teaching aim: let the students know the general knowledge of British People and languages in Great Britain. Teaching style: instruction and group discussion.Teaching procedure: warming-up exercises General introduction to Great Britain and its na

30、tural conditions by PowerPoint;C. Discussion on the assignment;D. Assignment on information- gathering LectureOneThe Country and People (II) The People1.1. Nations The population of Britain is made up mainly of the English, the Scottish , the Welsh , the Irish , the Northern Irish and other peoples

31、.Whites are the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish. The difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish: the ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts. 1.2. Population DistributionBritain has a population of 59.6 million in 2001,with a

32、n average population density of 244 persons per sq km. It is very unevenly distributed：90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. England has the highest population density( nearly 84 per cent of the total population of the United Kingdom lives in England.) and Scotland the lowest. This i

33、s mainly due to many parts of Scotland being unsuitable for people to live. London has population of 7 million and a far higher population density than any of the English regions, with 4,700 people living in per sq km on average.1.3.The Differences in CharacterThe British are said to be reserved in

34、HYPERLINK http:/www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/behaviour.htmlmanners, dress and speech. They are famous for their HYPERLINK http:/www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/behaviour.htmlpoliteness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humour. British people have a strong sense

35、of humour which sometimes can be hard for foreigners to understand. The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud of their past. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious and thrifty people, and they are also hospitable, generous and friendly.The Irish are full

36、of charm and vivacity vivsiti (活泼）. 1.4. The Differences in Physical Characteristics English people s ancesters -Angles, Saxons and Jutes-Germanic people: tall, blond and blue-eyed. Celts: rounder heads, shorter .Physical Characteristics of todays English People: mixture of Anglo-Saxons and Celts.Th

37、e Languages HYPERLINK /wiki/English_language o English languageStandard English is the official language of the UK as well as the first language of the British people and is spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK population.1.1 English Major periods in the history of English: Old English

38、 Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from old English. For example, mann man cild child Middle EnglishModern English 1.2 DialectsHowever, some nations and regions of the UK have frameworks for the promotion of HYPERLINK /wiki/Indigenous_language o Indigenous languageindige

39、nous indidins HYPERLINK /wiki/Indigenous_language o Indigenous language languages（本土语）. In HYPERLINK /wiki/Wales o WalesWales, English and HYPERLINK /wiki/Welsh_language o Welsh languageWelsh are both widely used by officialdom, and HYPERLINK /wiki/Irish_language o Irish languageIrish and HYPERLINK

40、/wiki/Ulster_Scots_language o Ulster Scots languageUlster lst HYPERLINK /wiki/Ulster_Scots_language o Ulster Scots language Scots（苏格兰语） enjoy limited use alongside English in HYPERLINK /wiki/Northern_Ireland o Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. Additional

41、ly, the HYPERLINK /wiki/Western_Isles o Western IslesWestern Isles HYPERLINK /wiki/Council_area o Council areacouncil area of HYPERLINK /wiki/Scotland o ScotlandScotland has a policy to promote HYPERLINK /wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language o Scottish Gaelic languageScottish Gaelic.a. The Welsh language E

42、nglish is the day to day language for most Welsh people. Due to the efforts of many dedicated people the Welsh language still flourishes (and there is a Welsh language TV channel). According to the HYPERLINK /wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001 o United Kingdom Census 20012001 census, HYPERLINK /wiki/We

43、lsh_language o Welsh languageWelsh is spoken by about 20% of the population of HYPERLINK /wiki/Wales o WalesWales, giving it around 600,000 speakers, much more than those who speak Gaelic (盖尔语) in Scotland and Ireland.Welsh has long been strongly associated with HYPERLINK /wiki/Nationalism o Nationa

44、lismnationalism. This phenomenon, also seen with other minority languages outside the UK, makes it harder to establish an accurate and unbiased figure for how many people speak it fluently. Furthermore, no question about Welsh-language ability was asked in the 2001 census outside Wales, thereby igno

45、ring a considerable population of Welsh speakers - particularly concentrated in neighbouring English counties and in London and other large cities.b. Scottish GaelicAccording to the 2001 census HYPERLINK /wiki/Scottish_Gaelic o Scottish GaelicScottish Gaelic has 58,652 speakers (roughly 1% of the HY

46、PERLINK /wiki/Population_of_Scotland o Population of Scotlandpopulation of Scotland). In total 92,400 people aged three and over in Scotland had some Gaelic language ability in 2001Scots c. Scots EnglishIn Scotland a very different kind of English can be heard, Scots English. Its spoken with differe

47、nt accents, and with many special words and even some different grammar. Some fear the language is being lost because people feel speaking it will make it difficult for them to be understood or make them seem old-fashioned (老式的).Here are some examples of Scots English. If something is small Scottish

48、 people say it is wee. A child is a bairn (or a wean in Glasgow). A boy is a laddie, a girl a lassie. A little girl in Scottish English is therefore A wee lassie. d. IrishIn Northern Ireland, about 7% of the population speak HYPERLINK /wiki/Irish_language o Irish languageIrish according to the 2001

49、census (around 110,000 speakers) and 2% HYPERLINK /wiki/Ulster_Scots o Ulster ScotsUlster Scots, according to the HYPERLINK /wiki/1999 o 19991999 Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey (around 30,000 speakers). e. The CornishHYPERLINK /wiki/Cornish_language o Cornish languageCornish is spoken by roughly 3,500 people as a result of a revival initiated by Henry Hennifer HYPERLINK /wiki/Henry_Jenner o Henry Jenner