大豆常见病害

1、大豆常见病害病害较多真菌病：有为害暗叶部的斑枯病、灰斑病、霜霉病和锈病等，其中霜霉病遍及各地：为 害根、茎的有疫腐病、菌核病和炭疽病。疫腐病以抗病育种：其它靠轮作法防治。为害子粒 的有紫斑病和黑点病，药剂拌种防治。细菌病：有斑点病和斑疹病，有的可用抗病育种防治。病毒病：种类多，中国长江流域和黄淮平原以花叶病毒流行广、为害重。采用无病毒种 子、消灭媒介昆虫及抗病育种防治。大豆泡囊线虫病、根结线虫病：采用合理轮作和抗病育种防治。主要虫害有食心虫、草 地螟、豆荚螟、豆秆蝇、豆秆黑潜蝇、红蜘蛛和财虫等，以药剂防治为主。菟幼子在黄淮平 原为害甚烈，采用清选种子、生物防治和轮作防治。大豆锈病大豆锈病已发现

2、的病害有30余种，其中真菌性病害最多，病毒类主要是大豆花叶病毒，线虫病主要 为抱囊线虫和根结线虫。大豆锈病、炭疽病、细菌性斑疹病等，在南方发生较重。北方春大 豆区霜霉病、灰斑病、细菌性斑点病、抱囊线虫病发生普遍。大豆病毒病在各大豆栽培区都 有发生为害大豆粒荚.紫斑病 Cercospora kikuchii、轮纹病 Ascochyta glycines、赤霉病 Fusarium avenacearum(Fusarium roseum、Fusarium semitectum).荚枯病 Macrophoma mame、炭疽病 Colletotrichum glycines、 黑痘病 Sphacelo

3、ma glycines。叶部病害主要有：霜霉病 Peronospora manshurica、灰斑病 Cercospora sojina.褐纹病 Septoria glycines、黑斑病 Alternaria brassicae var.phaseoli Alternaria fasciculata Alernaria tenuissima、锈病 Phakopsora pachyrhizix 白粉病 Erysiphe polygon!细菌性斑点病 Pseudomonas glycinea、细菌性斑疹病 Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sojense 大豆花叶病 Soybe

4、an mosaic virus(SMV)等。茎秆部病害有.菌核病 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、黑点病 Phomopsis sojac(Diaporthe phaseolorum)、纹枯病 Pellicularia sasakiio根部病害有：立枯病 Rhizoctonia solani、猝倒病 Pythium debaryanum 枯萎病 Fusarium bulbigenum (F.oxysporum)o紫斑病紫斑病紫斑病还有抱囊线虫Heterodera glycines主要发生在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、 河南等省(自治区)。根疫病Phytophthor

5、a magasperma var.sojae是美国的主要病害，中国尚未 发现。是检疫对象。大豆病害的防治以抗病品种为主的综合防治措施。药剂防治：在30余种大豆病害中，由种 子带菌为初次侵染源的占60%左右，药剂拌种能减少病害的侵染源，而且对苗期病害也有防 治效果。如福美双0.3%拌种，可防治大豆霜霉病和灰斑病。叶部病害如霜霉病、灰斑病， 根部病害如抱囊线虫病等，均可用药剂进行有效防治：农业措施防治，采取合理轮作，如防 治大豆抱囊线虫病，实行大豆与禾谷类作物或非寄生作物3-5年轮作，减少虫源。种前通过 选种；建立无病种子田，对防治霜霉病、紫斑病、灰斑病，大豆花叶病毒效果较好。中耕除 草，排除田间

6、积水，能减轻大豆缺病和根部病害的发生。增施有机肥，适时灌水，可减轻抱 囊线虫病的为害。清除田间杂草，亦可减少大豆花叶病毒等病害。防治措施大豆的病虫害对大豆的正常生长危害很大，严重时减产损失达30%以上。大豆的病害有：大 豆根腐病、线虫病、灰斑病、褐纹病、霜霉病等，虫害有潜根蝇、大豆蛎虫、食心虫等。 防治办法：事前预防，选无病优良品种，整地时进行土壤灭菌杀虫处理；在发病前喷施 灭菌防虫药剂+新高脂膜800倍液可有效预防病虫害发生：在病虫害发生期，要按植保要 求喷施针对性药剂+新高脂膜800倍液进行灭杀。Disease morefungal disease: damage dark leaves

7、leaf blight, gray leaf spot, downy mildew and rust, which downy mildew everywhere; HYPERLINK , damage roots and stems of Phytophthora rot, Sclerotinia and anthrax. Phytophthora rot disease resistance breeding; rely on crop rotation prevention. Peliosis and black spot disease damage grain, Yaojibanzh

8、ong prevention.bacterial diseases: scab and spotted disease, and some are available prevention and control of disease resistance breeding.(3) virus disease: many kinds of the Yangtze River in China and the Huang-Huai plain mosaic virus widely popular heavy damage. The seed virus, the eradication of

9、the insect vector, and the prevention and control of disease resistance breeding. soybean cyst nematode, ,root-knot nematode disease: the rotation system and the prevention and control of disease resistance breeding. Major pest moth, meadow moth, pod borer, bean stalk flies the bean stalk black magg

10、ot, spider mites and aphids, chemical control. Dodder damage even in the Huang-Huai Plain of intense cleaning seed, prevention and control of biological control and crop rotation.Soybean RustSoybean RustDisease have been found more than 30 species, most fungal diseases, viruses, mainly soybean mosai

11、c virus, the nematode cyst nematode and root-knot nematodes. Soybean rust, anthracnose, bacterial rash diseases such as occurred in the south heavier. The North the spring soybean District downy mildew, gray leaf spot, bacterial spot, HYPERLINK , cyst nematode occurs generally. Soybean virus disease

12、 have occurred in soybean cultivation areaInfestation of soybean seed podPeliosis the Cercospora kikuchii, ring rot Ascochyta glycines scab of Fusarium avenacearum (of Fusarium roseum, Fusarium semitectum) the pods blight Macrophoma mame, anthracnose Colletotrichum glycines, anthracnose Sphaceloma g

13、lycines.Leaf disease:Downy mildew Peronospora manshurica, gray spot disease Cercospora sojina brown grain disease Septoria glycines, black spot of Alternaria brassicae, var.phaseoli of Alternaria fasciculate Alernaria tenuissima rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi, powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni of Pseudom

14、onas glycinea, bacterial spot, bacterial spot exanthema Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sojense, soybean mosaic virus Soybean mosaic virus (SMV).Stem Ministry of diseases have .Sclerotinia Sclerotinia sclerotiorum black spot disease the Phomopsis sojac (Diaporthe phaseolorum), sheath blight Pellicularia s

15、asakii.Root diseases:Blight Rhizoctonia solani, damping-off disease Pythium debaryanum, to wilt the Fusarium bulbigenum (F.oxysporum).PeliosisPeliosisPeliosisThere cyst nematode Heterodera glycines occurs mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other provi

16、nces (autonomous regions). The roots blight Phytophthora magasperma var.sojae is a major disease in the United States, China has not yet found. Quarantine objects.Soybean disease prevention and treatment resistant varieties based comprehensive prevention and control measures. Chemical control: 30 ki

17、nds of soybean diseases by seed infection accounted for about 60% of the initial infection source, Yaojibanzhong can reduce the source of infection of the disease, ,but also control effect on seedling diseases. Thiram 0.3% of seed, against soybean downy mildew and gray leaf spot. Leaf diseases such

18、as downy mildew, gray leaf spot, root diseases such as cyst nematode, etc., can be used Pharmacy effective prevention and treatment; the agriculture measures to prevent, to take reasonable rotation, such as the prevention and treatment of soybean cyst nematode, the implementation of soybeans and cer

19、eal crops or non-parasitic crops 3-5 rings as reduce insect source. Species by selection; establish disease-free seed fields, the fight against downy mildew peliosis, gray leaf spot disease of soybean mosaic virus better, ,Cultivating, weeding, exclude water in field, can reduce the occurrence of of soybean the dissatisfied disease and root diseases. Organic fertilize： timely irrigation can reduce cyst nematode infestation. Clear the weeds in the field, and also reduce soybean mosaic virus disease.Prevention and control measuresSoybean pest poses serious thr