话题复习-八、环境与自然

1、环境与自然【话题简介】随着社会 经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，环境与自然成为人们关注的话题之一。这个话题的内容非常广泛， 这个话题主要涉及到了 “曾经、不曾去过的某地 ”；“难忘的事件 ”；“出乎意料的事件 ” 三个子话题的复习，通过对这 个话题的复习，将七年级到九年 级学过的内容用一条主 线穿起来，使这个话题更生动、更立体、更完整。【话题框架】LivingenvironmentAnimals and plants动物和植物居住环境CountriesandnationalitiesMountains and riversTheenvironment山川与河流国家与民族Seasons季节A

2、sk and give directions问路指路Universe宇宙Manand nature人与自然Environmental protection环境保护涉及的单元七年级上册：Unit4. Wheres my schoolbag?七年级下册 :Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?Unit 8. Is there a post office near here?八年级上册： Unit4: Whats the best movie theater?八年级下册 :Unit 7. Whats the highest mountain in the world?Unit

3、9. Have you ever been to a museum?九 年 级 全 一 册 : Unit 3. Could you please tell me where therestrooms are?Unit13.We re trying to save the earth!【话题词汇 】地点方位在 哪 里在 .上在 .下在 .前在.后在.对面在.附近旁边通过转弯十字路口东方的南方的紧挨着 .在.和.之间角落西方的北方的在.沿着 .在.周围西南方的北方的在. 左边街区东北方的在.右边东南方的沿着 .直走西向左转向右转在第二个拐弯 处祖父母的房 间Lily和Lucy分别的房间Lily 和

4、 Lucy 共有的房 间在附近地区在大桥街上到达在去.的路上路过居住环境卧室浴室厨房电视机窗户警察局邮电局医院银行公园饭店旅馆街道投币式电话博物馆百货公司杂货店地址飞机场车站电影院工厂农场田地花园医院图书馆办公室电影院邻居池塘商店超市家乡厕所某个地方任何地方干净的肮脏的安静的吵闹的繁忙的桥娱乐公园玩的开心散步乘出租 车开车欢迎到.来带有花园的房子最好的电影院最舒适的座位靠近家做某事最好的地方最差的商店 最便宜的 饭店要作用 最拥挤的地方想，认为起重国家与民族非洲非洲人的亚洲亚洲人欧洲欧洲人美国美国人的澳大利 亚澳大利亚人英国英国人加拿大加拿大人中国中国人法国法国的印度印度人日本日本人俄罗斯俄罗

5、斯人首都国家乡村东方人西方人讲英语的国家南非其中之一来自与 .一样大最古老的国家之一最多的人口和.交流多于少于4.动物与山川熊猫动物园老虎大象鲨鱼狮子动物危险杀害树木拯救污染深的疾病保护自然政府野生的水友好的聪明的害羞的吓人的懒惰的好玩的河流湖泊有几分无聊的真的有趣处于危险中丢失由.制成的大量的爬山人与自然季节春季夏季秋季冬季人口温度四分之一地震木制的环境循环垃圾底部有害的残忍的保护渔民提供链条交通方式方法塑料污染吸烟温度起作用丑陋的工业对 .有 害钢铁扔 掉清 扫关掉砍倒建 立在攀登跑开代替听说停止做某事处于危险之中好处实现某人的梦想四分之三一年到 头危险的地方【话题的基本句型】.底 部到目

6、前为止采取行 动死于疾病同 时充分利用在.顶端对 .有最Where_(be) your ruler? Its _.(在椅子下面 )Where_(be) my books? Theyre _.在(沙发上)3.- Is there a _饭(店)near here?-Yes, there is. Just _(沿着 .走 )the street and_(向左转)when you see the library. Its _在(右边).4.- _you ever been to a science museum？-No, I _(从未去过) a science museum.Excuse me,

7、Could you tell me _怎(样到达 )the post office？-_ do you like pandas?-Because they re kind of interesting.-_ _ he like tigers?-Because they re really scary.-_ are lions from? -They are from South Africa.-_the highest mountain in the world? -Qomolangma.-_ _ is Qomolangma?-It8,844,43s meters high. It sthan

8、 any othermountain.The Amazon is _ _ _ (第二长的河流 ) in the world.The Yangtze River is almost _ _(与 一样长 ) the Amazon River.13. China has _ _ _ 最(大的人口数量 ) in the world. Its a lot bigger than the _ of the US.【语法整合】现在完成时态。宾语从句。介词用法。4.形容词、副词的比较级与最高级。情态动词表推测。【强化训练】词汇根据短文意思和首字母提示完成短文。Recent years, the environ

9、mental problems become worse andworse. What caused the problems? First, people go to work or travel incars whichmakes a lotofn_. Second, people littereverywhere which makes cities d_. Third, people cut downtrees to make p_, so there are no more thick f_.To protect our environment, in my opinion, peo

10、ple should put ther_ to good use. For example, people can decorate theirrooms with old glass b_. Besides, we dbetter ride bikesinstead of d_. All in all, we should do what we can do toprotect the environment.根据情景提示，用恰当的句子填空：1.你不知道去火车站的路，怎么问：_2.有人问你去邮局的路怎么走，你告 诉他左走，在第二个路口右拐:_3.有人问你过北京，你回答说2次，怎样表达:_4.

11、你班上来了一位新同学，你想知道他是否去过上海，你这样问 :_5.有人告 诉你，他要去三 亚旅行，你想祝福他旅行愉快，怎样表达:_.话题阅读【阅读指导】：“环境与自然 ”是学生很熟悉也很关注的 话题，然而，越是熟悉的东西越是难点。有些内容似乎合乎 逻辑，但有时又违背常理。世界与环境相互依存，但是近年来人 们为了自身的 发展，破坏了环境，环境问题日益突出。中考理解 对本话题考查是通过小短文理解大意，从短文中归纳、分析出环境与世界的关系，以及了解 环境对世界的重要性和作用。目的是培养学生的 环境意识，提高学生对环境问题的认识。解题思路：解题时要通读全文，领略文章大意。在理解的基 础上，抓住题眼，找准

12、解题方法，进行答题。近几年中考阅读理解关于此话题充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题 和判断正 误题。做阅读 理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题 ，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时 不必拘泥于 书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后 难的原则。如可先做细节题 再做推断 题，因为细节题 大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。(一)主旨概括 题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意 图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主 题句

13、的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出 现在短文第一句或最后一句。（阅读理解 A篇第 5题和C篇第 5题）(二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主 题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时 ，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。三篇阅读理解均有涉及。AWhat does it mean to be green? Green is more than just a color.It also means taking special steps to protect the environment ththe , and the air we bre

14、athe. Why green? Plants are green, and withoutthem the earth wouldnt be such a lovely home for us human beings.Sometimes people call ours a throwaway society. That means weare always throwing away old things and ing new ones. Many times, ifyou no longer need something, someone else just might need i

15、t. Forexample , if your brother is old enough not to play with his , why notgive it to another family who has a little kid so that they dont need to buyone? And one less large plastic toy doesnt need to be produced.Recycling(回收利用 ) has never been easier. Many organizationwillpick it up right in fron

16、t of your house and some towns evenrequire(要求 ) it. Tell your mom or dad you want to become Chief , Makesure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things canbe reused or recycled before theyre thrown away.Almost everyone likes ing. But next time before you travel aroundthe world, tak

17、e a look at your own backyard. Is there a place where youcould plant a tree or put in a little or vegetable ? If so, get there and getyour hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root,and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe, red tomatoes oftiny, juicy blueberri

18、es. Who knew being green would taste so good?()1. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of thepassage by _ .A. telling an interesting storyB. explaining the word C. giving some special examples()2. In a throwaway society, _ .A. people shouldnt produce any thingsB. people can get an

19、ything they want othersC. people always throw away the used things and new ones()3. To be Chief of Recycling, you should _.A. recycle things all by yourselfB. ask your family to use the old things all the timeC. find a place to keep the things that can be recycled()4. Youare advised to run a or vege

20、table in order to_.A. create a green environmentB. make a lot of moneyC. get your hands dirty()5. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that _.A. we must enjoy the natureB. we had better eat moreC. we should protect our environmentBOur factories and homes burn coal and oil. Every year we havefore

21、st fires somewhere. Many scientists believe that the climate （气候）is changing.The earth will perhaps be warmer by about 7 degrees centigrade atthe South Pole （南极） and the North Pole. The ice will melt. The sealevel rise by about 7 meters. As a result, water willcover cities likeLondon, Tokyo and New

22、York. Some ports and towns along the coastswill disappear under water.Some other scientists think that the dust, smoke and pollutionfrom coal, wood and oil fires will block out the sunrays. Then the earthwill become colder and great sheets of ice will cover Europe and NorthAmerica.When chemical （化学物

23、品） in the air mix with rain. We haveacid rain. Acid rain can bring us great harm. It destroys （破坏）forestsand kills life in lakes and rivers.People are beginning to see how serious the problem is. Theyfind it important to work with nature instead of against it. They are tryingto save the earth in man

24、y different ways. But one of the most importantthings to do is to make people understand that saving the earth is savingourselves.()1. Some scientists believe that_.A. the earth is growing warmerB. we have to burn downthe forests every yearC. we can find oil in our forests()2. Ice at the pole will _

25、 if the earth gets warmer.A. become water and make the sea riseB. cover cities likeLondon and TokyoC. raise the sea level by 7 degrees()3. Acid rain _.A. brings great changes in our climateB. will cover Europeand North AmericaC. kills the fish in rivers and lake()4. What can we learn from the third

26、paragraph?_A. The dust together with pollution from coal, wood and oil fireswill bring us more heat from the sunB. As a result of the dust and pollution from coal, wood and oil fires,the earth will become colderC. According to the scientists, the change in climate hardly hasanything to do with the p

27、ollution.()5. Which statement is TRUE?_A. The sea level will rise if the earth gets colder.B. People have come to know the importance of working withnature.C. All the scientists agree that our earth is sure to become warmerand warmer.CPollution means adding dirty or harmful( 有害的 ) things to land,air

28、, water and so on. As a result, they are no longer pleasant or safe to use.Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes people s indanger. In our life, we can see different kinds of pollution in many places.There are three main forms of pollution: pollution,air pollution andwater pollu

29、tion.Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles andsome things whicharen brokentdownquickly.Itmakestheenvironment look very bad. However, air pollution is more seriousthan pollution. It is much worse in cities and towns because of thefumes(废气 ) from traffic and the waste from hum

30、an activities. Whenpeople drive their cars, fumes which are made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2are given off. After the gases get into the air, they may mix with clouds.Then they will become some harmful chemicals falling on the groundwith rain. It is one of the reasons for soil erosion(土壤侵蚀) which is oneex

31、ample of water pollution.Various kinds of pollution willcause many health problems.People have realized they must change this serious situation. There aremany ways to control pollution. To develop alternative energy(替代能源)is very popular in many countries. China, for example, has made up its mind to

32、be a leader in this field. It is trying hard to make full use of energy from the sun and wind. It has paid plenty of money to make electric cars and trains instead of traditional traffic. We should also take action to make our environment cleaner every day. Take cloth bags while going shopping and d

33、rive cars less. We have only one earth. We must take small steps now to help protect our environment for the futurewherever we are.()1.The underlinedword“ solid in” the passage means“ _ ” in Chinese.(A. 气体B. 液体C. 固体)2. When people live in a polluted area, _.A. they will control the use of alternativ

34、e energyB. their will be in dangerC. they will get stronger and stronger)3. Picture _ tells us how harmful chemicals pollute ourenvironment.()4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. There are three forms of pollution.(B. China doesn t want to develop other kinds of energy.C. W

35、ater pollution includes soil erosion.)5.The main idea of this passage should be _.A. to introduce the kinds of pollution and the ways to control itB. to introduce the harmful chemicals and soil erosionC. to introduce the alternative energy and the ways to use itIV 话题写作【写作指导】：环境保护问题是当今社会人 们关注的热点，也成为中

36、考英语的热门话题 ，出现频率高，难度较大，需要我们重点掌握。写倡议书是很常见的书面表达考 查形式。倡议书的主体部分包括倡 议的原因与目的；倡议的内容与具体措施；表达倡 议者的决心与愿望等。语言要求有号召力。可分三步进行写作。第一步；开篇点题，强调环保的重要性；第二步：展开表述：保护环境的一些具体措施；第三步：结尾综述：倡议行动起来，保护环境。【常用句型】：开头句：1. It s everyone s duty to love and protect the environment.2. It is very important to take care of our environment.中

37、间句：We should not throw litter onto the ground.It is very important to take care of our environment.We should not spit in a public place/cut down the trees.We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin.Trees are very helpful and important for us.Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted

38、. Something must be done to stop the pollution.We are supposed to plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthily in the future.结尾句：Everyone should protect the environment. And the world will become much more beautiful.If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.【范文欣赏】：假如你是李 华，准备以“ What Can We Do for the Environment”为题，写一篇保护环境的英语倡议书。内容包含：1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋 ;2.尽可能地再利用使用 过的课本;3.离开教室 应关灯 ;4.最好走路或 骑自行车上学 ;5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等注意：1.词数：80 词左右。2.文章中不能出 现真实姓名和校名。参考词汇：布袋子 cloth bag 塑料袋 plastic bag 保护 protect 能源energ