福建专用2022年高考英语一轮复习专题六定语从句课件北师大版

1、专题六定语从句-2-基础考法能力考法考法1考查限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法(1)高考常考的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;常考的关系副词有where,when,why等,在从句中做状语(做时间状语用when;做地点状语用where;做原因状语用why)。选择定语从句的引导词主要看引导词在从句中所充当的成分。-3-基础考法能力考法【典型例题1】When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.解析:句意:当我到达的时候,布莱恩带我去看了我将要住的房子。stay为不及物动词,

2、先行词为house,指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故此处用关系副词where引导该定语从句。考法总结设空处无提示词,且设空处前的主句结构完整,考虑设空处填连词或是从句引导词;进一步分析可知,设空后的句子不完整,且对the house起限定作用,因此判断设空处引导定语从句。-4-基础考法能力考法【典型例题2】(2016北京卷改编)I live next door to a couplechildren often make a lot of noise.解析:couple为先行词,故此处用whose表示所属关系。 考法总结分析句子结构可知,先行词为a couple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:

3、the couples children often make a lot of noise,由此可见,关系词在定语从句中做定语。故答案为whose。-5-基础考法能力考法(2)考生应注意限制性定语从句中关系代词that与which的区别:引导词前有介词,且指物时要用which;先行词是all等不定代词或由序数词、最高级修饰时要用that。【典型例题3】(2019江苏卷,单项填空)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.解析:句意:我们已经进入到一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,设

4、空处引导定语从句,先行词是age,关系词在从句中做时间状语,故此处用关系副词when引导该定语从句。考法总结设空处无提示词,且设空处前的主句结构完整,考虑设空处填连词或是从句引导词;进一步分析可知,设空后句子缺少状语,且对age起限定作用,由此可知设空处引导定语从句。-6-基础考法能力考法考法2考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法高考中最常考查的非限制性定语从句引导词是which或who。考生应注意:(1)关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。(2)关系代词as与which的用法区别:as和which都可指整个主句,但as常译为“正如,正像”,which常译为“这一点”。(3)考

5、生也应掌握where等引导非限制性定语从句的用法。【典型例题4】(2019全国卷,语篇填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.解析:先行词是the pet shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做动词opened的宾语,所以填which。考法总结看到逗号,可以确定是非限制性定语从句,因此不可以用that。-7-基础考法能力考法【典型例题5】I borrowed the book Sherlock

6、Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.解析:分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes,需用关系代词指代物,在定语从句中做recommended的宾语。故填which。考法总结看到逗号,考虑设空处需填并列连词或此部分是非限制性定语从句;进一步分析句子结构可判断出主句结构完整,而设空后的句子不完整,再根据句意判断,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代the book,故只能填which。-8-基础考法能力考法考法3考查“介词+关系代词”引导的

7、定语从句高考对“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的考查集中在介词或是关系代词的选择上:(1)选择介词时,主要看与先行词、从句中谓语动词或形容词的搭配。(2)选择关系代词时,先行词是物,则只能用which;先行词是人,则只能用whom。-9-基础考法能力考法【典型例题6】(2015浙江卷改编)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.解析:句意:创造出让员工把自己看作团队一员的一种氛围是一项极大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,先行词是atmosphere,定语从句中缺少地点状语,且设空处前已有介词

8、in,故只能填which。考法总结引导词前有介词通常用whom或which做关系代词,本题中关系词指代物,由此判断只能用which。-10-基础考法能力考法考法1识别定语从句含有定语从句的复合句的主句部分结构完整,从句仅对主句中的某个词或主句起限定作用;定语从句常跟在被修饰词之后,有时可能被其他成分将其与被修饰词隔开。考法2分析先行词,确定引导词首先确定先行词,然后分析引导词在从句中充当什么成分:做主语用who/that/which/as;做宾语用who/whom/which/that/as;做表语用that/as;做定语用whose;做状语用when/where/why;做介词宾语则用whi

9、ch/whom。另外,考生应考虑特殊情况:比如只用that的情况,只用which的情况,as引导的定语从句等。-11-基础考法能力考法【典型例题】(2016浙江卷改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved.解析:设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,且在从句中做介词of的宾语,故用关系代词which。考法总结分析句子结构可知,先行词为theories,将先行词代入定语从句后为:None of the theories has been proved

10、.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中做介词of的宾语,且介词of已被提前。-12-.单句语法填空1.(2019全国卷,语篇填空)They were well trained by their mastershad great experience with caring for these animals.2.(2019天津卷,单项填空)Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.3.(2019江苏卷,单项填空)We have entered into an age drea

11、ms have the best chance of coming true.4.(2019广东深圳高级中学模拟)In a culture people function according to ritual,music is used to help govern them.5.(2019河北邢台模拟)The best part about being a doctor for the emergency department is that moment you know the patient can be saved.who where when where when -13-6.T

12、he new program is really a big step up from everything else weve seen.7.There is a phrase describes the noodle-making process:“One noodle in the boiling water,one flying in the air,and one just being cut.”8.In their class there are altogether 54 students,half of wear glasses.9.What defines a healthy

13、 city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air?10.From his travelling diary,we all know that there is such a beautiful place he has described to us.that that/which whom where as -14-1.(2019全国卷,短文改错)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the histori

14、cal environment what is created for them.2.(2019河南中原名校质量考评)We agreed that it would be decided by my dad,whom didnt return home from work.whatthat/which whomwho 3.(2019辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考)My father,a scientist,works to save rare birds,some of that are really clever and can even say some words.thatwhich/whom 4

15、.(2020全国卷,短文改错)Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.whatwhich -15-5.(2019广东 “六校联盟”联考)Being afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons when I rarely did well in school.6.The author is going to talk about the countries and people who he has visited.whenwhywhothat7.Friday was Lau

16、ndry Day,on that Kerry felt annoyed.8.I dont want to hear any reason why you might give.9.Please help me to reserve a room which windows face the sea.thatwhichwhythat/whichwhichwhose-16-10.Surprisingly,I was given the silver medal,that increased my confidence.thatwhich-17-The British have many tradi

17、tions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea,1. more than 160 million cups drunk every day,but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea drinking into 2. popular pastime.This sociable feast involve

18、s drinking good quality tea 3. (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) at nice sandwiches,scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.And,of course,it can only happen in the afternoon!Afternoon tea,which 4.(design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner,dates back to the 1840s.It went on to become a 5. (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.with a comfortably was designedfashionable -18