中考英语语法专题11-非谓语动词课件

1、专题十一 非谓语动词1.定义： 非谓语动词指的是在英语句子中不作谓语的动词（一山不容二虎）2.分类：考点一 定义与分类 非谓语动词A.不定式：B.动词-ingC.过去分词to dodonea.动名词b.现在分词注：否定式一律在前面加上not表示功能、3.举例：Mr. Green is a teacher. He teaches maths.合并为一个句子： Mr. Green is a teacher teaching maths.考点一 定义与分类 is 是谓语teaching 为非谓语总结：当一个句子中有多个动词时，保留一个动词作谓语，其他的都改为非谓语动词。主动-ing， 被动-ed，要

2、去做的 用 to do考点二 句法功能 句子成分动词形式主语定语宾语宾语补足语状语表语(not) to do(not) done (not) diong1.非谓语的句法功能考点二 句法功能 2.不定式的形式与用法 形式 to do：基本形式 not to do：否定式 see watch let do（省略to）：使役动词 let，make，have，感官动词 see，feel等用法-A作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式eg：To learn English well is important.动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb

3、)动词不定式。eg：It is important for you to learn English well.当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。It is 形容词+ of sb + to do sth不定式B.作宾语及物动词+to do sth eg: What are you trying to do ?find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。eg：I found it difficult to find a job in a city.只接to do 作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应（hope,

4、wish, want, agree, promise）一个要求莫拒绝（demand, refuse）设法学会做决定（manage, learn, decide)不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）C.作表语具体内容目的多数情况下，不定式作表语可转换成作主语eg：My job is to teach English. To teach English is my job.不定式D.作宾补及物动词+sb +to do stheg: What are you trying to do?常见的宾补的动词有want想要 advise建议 ask 要求 allow允许teach教 encoura

5、ge鼓励 invite邀请 tell 告诉order 命令 warm警告 forbid禁止 expect期望beg乞求 require 要求 force逼迫 permit允许使役动词/感官动词主动：+do（省略了to）eg：He always makes me laugh.被动：to do（不能省略）eg: He is often seen to play basketball.形式词汇一感: feel二听: listen，hear三让: let, make, have四看: see, watch, look at; notice注意半帮助: help （to） do不定式E.作定语作定语时，

6、不定式要后置eg: Mom, I have something to tell you. 修饰词有序数词、最高级或者 no，any等词修饰时，不定式与修饰词构成主动关系。eg： He is always the first one to go to classroom.修饰词为不及物动词时，不定式与修饰词构成被动关系，需要在不定式后加上适当地介词。eg：I have no room to live in. F.作状语表目的表原因表结果句首句中句末in order to（句中，句首均可）=so as to(只能位于句中）sorry excitedsurprised+to dotoo.to 太.而

7、不能.eg: She is too young to go to school.enough.to 足够.去做.eg: She is old enough to go to school.不定式G.独立 状语to be frank 坦诚 to be honest 老实说 to begin with 首先 to start with 首先 to speak frankly 坦诚地说 to tell you the truth 说实话H.疑问 词who/whomwhenwherehowwhatwhichto do =名词主语宾语表语eg：When to do is not important. 什

8、么时候做已经不重要了。 Mom, I dont know how to do. 妈妈，我不知道怎么做. The key to problem is how to improve your English ability. 问题的关键就是如何提高你的英语能力。不定式I.省略had better do sth 最好做某事would rather do sth 宁愿做某事 why not do sth？为什么不做某事？=why dont you do.? Could /Would/ Will you do sth,please? 请你做某事，可以吗？ 省略 to除.之外butexcept+to do

9、do nothing but do sth 只能做某事do anthing but do sth 绝不做某事cant help but do sth 忍不住做某事cant choose but do sth 只能做某事省略动词 -免重复-Dont be late.-Ill try not to.(be late)可省略There are five people.动名词形式用法3.动名词的形式与用法动词ingnot doing：否定形式A.作主语-谓语动词用单数B.作定语-doing+名词，表示用途eg：reading room 阅览室 dancing hall 舞厅C.作宾语动词+doing介

10、词+doing enjoy 喜欢 consider考虑 mind 介意 practice练习admit 承认 avoid 避免 imagine 想象 feel like 想 要finish 完成 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 look forward to 期待put off 延迟 cant help 忍不住 keep on 坚持 do well in 擅长 D.作表语：My hobby is collecting stamps.我的兴趣是收集邮票。现在分词形式-ing用法3.现在分词的形式与用法A.作定语-相当于形容词（表示正在进行）eg： a sleeping girl. 一

11、个熟睡中的女孩。 B.作表语-相当于形容词eg：It should be interesting. 这应该会很有趣。C.作状语eg：The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.D.作宾补主动进行 主动正在做性质与特征eg：I saw her singing in the living room. 我看见她在客厅唱歌。现在分词形式用法3.过去分词的形式与用法A.作定语肯定：done否定：not done短前： I have an organized summer holiday. 长后： She is a kind g

12、irl loved by all.表被动:the broken window 表完成：the fallen leaves. B.作表语： The glass is broken.杯子被打破了。C.作宾补have + sb +do sth 让某人做某事have +sb+doing让某事/某人一直做have+sb+done 让某事发生D.作状语：Seen from the moon, the earth is blue.考点三 辨析 to do 与doing 1.有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有较大。stop to do：停下来去做某事 doing：停止做某事eg: Stop to

13、 think about it for a moment.停下来想一会。 Stop thinking, please.请停止思考。remember to do：记得要做某事（动作还没发生） doing：记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）eg：I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出) Please remember to post my letter.请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)考点三 辨析 to do 与doing 1.有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有较大。forget to do：忘记做某事（动作还没发生） doin

14、g：忘记做过某事（动作已经发生）eg: I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业) I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)try to do：努力去做某事（动作还没发生） doing：试着去做过某事（动作已发生）eg：He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。 Please try to do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。考点三 辨析 to do 与doing 1.有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有较大。g

15、o on to do：做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事 doing：继续做着某一件事eg: Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后继续做练习。allow doing：允许做某事 sb to do sth：允许某人做某事eg：We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We dont allow students to go out on school

16、days.在校期间，我们不允许学生外出。考点三 辨析 2. 易混句式have sb.do sth，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进

17、行的含义。The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Mr. Scott made a living by _ (sell) old things. 2. Trust him! He has

18、no difficulty _ (work) out the problem. 3. David preferred _ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young. 4. The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning. 5. Davy enjoys _ (play) tennis and baseball. 答案：1. selling 2. working 3. selling 4. named 5. playing练一练. 单项选择1. Do yo

19、u know whether the man _ by the door is Mr. Smith? Sure. Weve known each other for a long time. A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands【解析】选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。2. Its dangerous _ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playing C. for us playing D.

20、 of us to play【解析】选A。Its+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意为“做某事对某人”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选A。3.When are you going to have your hair _? This afternoon. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting【解析】选A。have sth. done“让被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。4. Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after dri

21、nking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【解析】选C。allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允许做某事”。故选C。5. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do whatC. whether to do D. to do whether【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+ to do”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。6. Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B