商务英语翻译实务完整版教学ppt课件全套教程

1、翻译实务（Translation Practice）Yiwu Industrial & Commercial CollegeJanuary, 2012学习目标学习计划 第一学期 课时（理论+实践） 1. 翻译导论 6+2 2. 语言对比 2+2 3. 翻译技巧 4+8 4. 专题一会展翻译 4+8 5. 专业实践 6+2 6. 专题二广告翻译 2+4 7. 专题三旅游翻译 4+8 8. 复习 2 学习计划 第二学期 课时（理论+实践） 1. 口译基本理论 2 2. 口译技巧 1+2 3. 专题四商务翻译 2+4 4. 翻译实践 3+1 5. 专题五应用文翻译 2 6. 口译专题一接待口译 1+

2、2 7. 口译专题二介绍性口译 1+2 8. 口译专题三会谈口译 1+2 9. 口译测试 110. 复习 1成绩评定出勤问答作业实践期末考试学习流程教材及主要参考资料梅德明，中级口译教程，上海外语教育出版社，2003顾雪梁等，应用英语翻译，浙江大学出版社，2008吴钟明，英语口译笔记法实战指导，武汉大学出版社，2008徐东风等，英语口译实战技巧与训练，大连理工大学出版社，2003李长栓，汉英口译入门，外语教学与研究出版社，2000王佐良，翻译：思考与试笔，外语教学与研究出版社, 1989刘宓庆，文体与翻译，中国对外翻译出版公司，1998古今明，英汉翻译基础，上海外语教育出版社, 1997陈宏薇

3、，汉英翻译基础，上海外语教育出版社，1998郭著章，英汉互译实用教程，武汉大学出版社，2001李运兴，英汉语篇翻译，清华大学出版社，1998谭卫国，实用新闻广告英语，湖南出版社，1994在线翻译资源1. 金桥词典2. 百度词典3. 华译网翻译公司4. 奇摩字典5. .hk/Lexis/Lindict/ 林语堂当代汉英词典在线翻译资源6. http:/index_gb.html 译典通7. /language_tips/ 中国日报网英语点津8. http:/ 有道词典9. 海词10. http:/ 爱词霸任课教师信息CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION 翻

4、译导论 2. COMPARISON OF LANGUAGES 语言对比3. METHODS AND SKILLS OF TRANSLATION 翻译方法技巧4. TRANSLATION FOR EXHIBITIONS 翻译专题：会展翻译 5.TRANSLATION OF ADVERTISEMENT 翻译专题：广告翻译6.TRANSLATION OF TOURISM 翻译专题：旅游翻译INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION翻译导论Introduction to translation What is translation？ Why translation？ Criteria f

5、or translation How to be a good translator?Introduction to Translation What is translation?翻译的定义翻译的定义 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基等，1980） 翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言中口头或书面的内容重现或再创造出来。（郭著章、李庆生，2004）翻译的定义 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent o

6、f the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 翻译就是用接受语复制出与原语信息最近似的自然等值内容首先是从意义上讲，其次是从风格上讲。（Nida and Tader, 1969）翻译的定义 什么叫翻译？广义地说它包括的范围很广，甚至可包括语言和非语言符号之间的转换。翻译是将某一语言活动的言语产物转换到另一语言中去。严格地说，翻译还应包括某一语言内不同变体间的转换，如将屈原的诗译成现代诗，将曹植的洛神赋译成白话文，都应属于翻译，因为这类翻译同样要克服时空两方面的困

7、难。（叶子南，2008）语言符号的转换甲骨文甲骨文现代字现代字语言符号的转换文言文白话文清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。清明节这天细雨纷纷,路上的行人好像失了魂。向人询问哪里有酒家,牧童指了指远处的杏花村。语言符号的转换繁体字简化字语言符号的转换方言普通话语言符号的转换外星文地球文非语言符号的转换密码情报 非语言符号的转换编码指令 非语言符号的转换Emoji 感情 非语言符号的转换网络词 感情 233333333LOL翻译的本质 信息转换翻译的核心是信息和转换。信息文字文字翻译信息是翻译的内容，文字是信息的载体翻译的学科属性Strictly speaking,

8、translation is a kind of science because it has a whole set of rules governing it and certain objective laws to go by in the process of translating just as other sciences do.From an artist point of view, translation is also an art, a bilingual art, for in translation, certain skills and technique ar

9、e needed in order to attain clearness of style, and fluency in language. 翻译的学科属性规律技巧创造戴着手铐脚镣在跳舞，还要跳得优美为何要翻译？世界上有3000多种语言 使用最广泛的有十几种 。不同国家和地区每天都有大量的政治、经济、外交、科学、技术、文学、艺术、军事、体育、娱乐等方面的信息要进行交流。准无误地利用语言这一工具来圆满完成信息的交流，使国家乃至整个世界向更高文明发展，这就是翻译的目的。翻译课程的目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上，学习翻译的各种技巧，结合不断的翻译实践，提高翻译水平。翻译的历史及标准翻

10、译的标准一、忠实原作内容，不可漏译、错译、任意增减、篡改。二、保持原作风格，如时代风格、民族风格和语言风格。忠实译文语言必须通顺易懂，符号语言规范。通顺翻译的分类译者素养译者素养：扎实的语言功底 你要有所弋获，则必须在学习中不断深入。 If you want to gain anything, you must constantly deepen your studies. 不少人认为“信达雅”是严复的戛戛独造，并奉之为圭臬。 Many people hold that “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance” is Yan Fus own gre

11、at original creation and regard it as the standard of translation. 译者素养：扎实的语言功底 blind date apple of love dead president green hand Indian summer pull ones leg 相亲番茄美元新手愉快宁静的晚年开玩笑译者素养：宽广的知识面 Know something of everything and everything of something. 通百艺而专一长译者素养：宽广的知识面art workcable workcold workwork a m

12、achineMy watch doesnt workThe yeast has begun to workWork工艺品电缆工程冷加工开动机器我的手表不走了开始发酵了译者素养：出色的技巧语态转换译者素养：职业道德语态转换译者素养、政治觉悟高The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent. 敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个特务。 译者素养：熟悉并掌握现代技术 熟悉现代IT技术，能熟练使用搜索引擎查找资料，会使用电子辞典和翻译工具，尤其是CAT（computer-assisted translation）技术辅

13、助翻译。翻译的质量是关键翻译的质量最为关键小心地滑 Slip carefully限高三米 the limit is high 3 rice陈皮 Chens skin干姜 Fuck The Ginger远志 Far Ambition小心落水 Carefully falls in the water4.笔记是辅助翻译对中国的影响 一、汉朝至唐朝佛经典籍翻译 二、清末民初的科学文学翻译佛教典籍翻译对中国现代语言与文学的影响 1. 丰富了汉语的词汇和语言 2. 丰富了汉语的音韵、语法和文体 3. 丰富了中国的文学 丰富了汉语的词汇和语言 “缘起” “缘起”在佛教中的定义是“若此有则彼有，若此生则彼生；

14、若此无则彼无，若此灭则彼灭”，表示互存关系。 “世界” 佛教中对“世界” 的定义是“ 东、南、西、北、东南、西南、东北、西北、上、下为界，过去、未来、现在为世。” 此外还有很多成语也都出自佛教，如因果报应、一面之缘、万劫不复、一尘不染、借花献佛、三生有幸等。丰富了汉语的音韵、语法和文体 1. 佛经翻译根据梵文字母创造了汉字拼音方式 2. 佛经翻译使用大量倒装句、提问句和解释句 3. 佛经翻译使用了朴实平易的口语化文体丰富了中国的文学 魏晋南北朝时期出现了“志怪小说”，如干宝的搜神记 丰富了中国的文学 西游记是文学题材受佛经翻译影响的典型代表。胡适认为孙悟空的形象源自印度古诗中的神猴哈努曼。清末

15、民初的翻译与新文化运动 一、严复根据进化论与伦理学Evolution and Ethics 进行编译，提出“物竞天择” natural selection、“优胜劣汰”和 “适者生存” survival of the fittest的观点。 二、林纾等人的翻译改变了“唯中国有文学”的文化优越感。 林纾翻译的作品有黑奴呼吁天录、伊索寓言、鲁滨孙漂流记、块肉余生述等。清末民初的翻译与新文化运动 三、翻译改变了清末民初的社会文化道德观 （一）爱情小说翻译有助于打破封建礼教束缚 （二）侦探小说翻译有助于引进西方的法制观和人权观清末民初的翻译与新文化运动 （三）科学小说翻译有助于破除迷信、增强科学意识

16、八十日环游记、地心旅行、海底旅行等 （四）文学翻译推动了新文化运动的“白话文革命”翻译错误作业：1、阅读教材第一章概论；2、翻译下列有关义乌的短语： 中国小商品城义乌国际商贸城义乌国际商贸城二期二阶段义乌国际物流中心宾王副食品市场篁园市场宾王市场针织市场义乌装饰城浙中木材市场义乌房地产交易市场义乌汽车交易市场中国小商品数字城14.义乌家具市场15.中国驰名商标16.中国著名商标17.中国名牌18.义乌经验19.中国出口商品交易会20.广交会21.义乌小商品博览会22.中国国际五金电器博览会23.中国义乌国际文化产业博览会24.义乌消费品出口交易会25.中国义乌国际印刷包装工业博览会26.中国国

17、际框业博览会27.中国义乌国际工艺品交易会28.中国玩具、儿童用品及礼品博览会29.中国饰品节参考答案1.China Commodities City2.China (Yiwu) International Trade Mart3. the second section of the second phase of Yiwu International Trade Mart4.Yiwu International Logistics Center5.Binwang Non-staple Market6. Huangyuan Market7. Binwang Market8. Knitting

18、Market9. Yiwu Decoration Center10. Zhezhong Wood Market11. Yiwu Real Estate Exchange Market12. Yiwu Automobile Trade Market13. Digital Market of China Commodities City14. Yiwu Furniture Market15.China Well-Known Trademark16.China Famous Trademark17.China Top Brand18.Yiwus experience19. China Export

19、Commodities Fair20. Canton Fair21. China Yiwu International Commodities Fair22. China International Hardware & Electrical Appliance Fair23. China Yiwu International Cultural Industry Trade Fair24. Yiwu Consumer Goods Fair25. China Yiwu International Printing Technology and Equipment Fair26. China In

20、ternational Frame Expo27. China Yiwu International Arts and Crafts Trade Fair28.China (Yiwu) Toy, Childrens Article and Gift Fair29 China Fashion Jewelry FairCOMPARISON OF LANGUAGES语言的对比词的意义：A、完全对应 The U.S. State DepartmentThe Pacific OceanTuberculosis Miniskirt 美国国务院太平洋肺结核迷你裙 B、部分对应 由于英文词语的多义现象和同形异

21、义现象，大量汉语词语与它们的英文对应词语之间存在着部分语义对应的关系。 SpringBrownSisterInterest语言的对比春天，泉水棕色，布朗姐，妹兴趣，利息C、语义空缺英语中有些词表示的意义，在汉语中目前还找不到对应。汉语中有些词，英语中也没有对应词。主要在专有名词、术语及文化负载词。1.音译法沙发sofacoffee咖啡T-shirtT恤豆腐Tofu功夫Kungfu茶 Char2.直译法一国两制one country two systems三个代表Three RepresentativesThe last straw最后一根稻草The white collar白领3.解释法两岸三

22、地The mainland, Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan春联Spring festival couplets pasted on the gate or door against the evil spirit on the lunar New Years Eve in ancient times The fight between donkey and elephant美国民主党和共和党的竞争4.音译加解释法气功 Qigonga system of deep breathing exercises believed by practitioners to be ef

23、fective to many diseases and discomforts5.直译加解释法铁饭碗 iron rice bowla job that is stable，reliable，and guaranteed for lifeD、一词多义Heavy“重视”语言的对比Heavy heavy heartheavy newsheavy roadheavy smokerheavy breadheavy trafficheavy seaheavy fire忧愁的心令人悲痛的消息泥泞的路大烟枪没有发酵好的面包拥挤的交通汹涌澎湃的大海猛烈的炮火Attach great importance to

24、Place high importance onConsider it important toGive top priority toValue/treasure/cherishSee great value in/ pay close attention toFully committed toTake seriouslyFollow closelyViewwith grave concern重视一字多义和一字多种搭配在汉语里是相当常见的， 汉语中意义和搭配最多的字是“上”：上班 to go to work to be on duty上报 to appear in the newspape

25、rs, to report to a higher authority上场 to appear on the stage上当 to be taken in 上吊 to hang oneself上灯 to light a lamp上冻 to freezeTranslation Practice上坟上课上年纪上台上瘾 上车Visit a grave to honor the deadHave classGet old/agedAppear on the stageBe addicted toGet on随函附上一张支票一连上了好几道菜商品上架我来给门上漆这事已上了电视with a check en

26、closedseveral dishes servedgoods on displaypaint the doorbe publicized on TVTranslation Practice上访 to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help上坟 to visit a grave to honor the memory of the dead上纲 to raise to the higher plane of principle上告 to complain to the higher author

27、ities or appeal to a higher court 上供 to offer up a sacrifice上钩 to raise to the bait上光 to glaze; to polish上轨道 to get on the right track上火 to get angry上进 to make progress上课 to attend class上口 to be suitable for reading aloudTranslation Practice上路 to set out on a journey上马 to mount a horse上门 to visit上任

28、to take up an official post上台 to come to power上膛 (of a gun) to be loaded上相 to come out well in a photograph; to be photogenic上鞋底 to sole a shoe上演 to perform上帐 to make an entry in an account book上阵 to go onto battle这一盘你上 You play this game.ExercisesA给B送礼时，两人的对话颇有意思。B：“你这是什么意思？”A：“没什么意思，意思意思。”B：“你这可就不

29、够意思了。” A：“小意思，一点小意思。” B：“你这人真有意思。 A：“其实也没有别的意思。” B：“那我就不好意思了。” A：“是我不好意思。”A给B送礼时，两人的对话颇有意思。When A gave B a gift, a very interesting conversation started.B：“你这是什么意思？”B: Whats this for?A：“没什么意思，意思意思。”A: Its nothing, just a little gift.B：“你这可就不够意思了。”B: You really shouldnt have. A：“小意思，一点小意思。” A: Its no

30、thing, really. B：“你这人真有意思。 B: Youre really something, you know. A：“其实也没有别的意思。” A: Its for no particular reason, really. B：“那我就不好意思了。” B: Well, thank you very much. A：“是我不好意思。” A: It should be me thanking you. Please accept my sincere apologies.He accepts full responsibilities for what happened.He ne

31、ver accept her as his own child.It is generally accepted that people expect success. 接受，接纳，负责任，认为Her quick action saved the childs life.The action takes place in France.This medicine has great action Actions speak louder than words I like films with plenty of actions 效果，故事，行为，动作Dont be afraid to adm

32、it to your mistakes.Two drivers in the car accident were admitted to the hospital nearby. Each ticket admits one child. 准许进入，承认, 收治We live in an age of rapid science and technology advance.Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance. The prices advance sharply in these years He advanced a theory

33、to explain the climate change 提前，进步，提出，上涨安定的社会安定的心情我需要你的帮助这本书对英语学习很有帮助他本来身体很弱这种事本来不该发生他心情不好，但没表现出来他在工作中表现良好今天不如昨天暖和我还不如呆在家里不胜感激不胜酒力学习材料她不是演戏的材料我走得仓促时间太仓促了她俩长得差不多离开家乡差不多10年了产生兴趣产生矛盾衣服长短很合适不要议论别人长短除了他谁也不知道他除了睡就是吃甲：你的牙好白啊！乙：假的。甲：真的？乙：当然是真的。同义词的褒贬The tricky man cheated the girl into giving him all her m

34、oney. A crafty man has more than one hideout.He is so smart that all the people like him.A bright student solved that problem quickly 聪明；智慧；狡诈；诡计多端She is very thrifty and she can save some money every month.We can only afford economical hotels.Its strange that such a rich man should be so stingy.She

35、 is so miserly that she wont give anything to anyone 吝啬；抠门；节俭；经济The girl was pretty and slenderShe keeps slim by doing exercises.That poor man was weak and skinny.Connect the computer with the internet by a thin line. 苗条；匀称；皮包骨头；细的 词的选择 词语是构成语言的基本材料，正确使用词语是写作的最基本技能。用词要准确贴切，避免不恰当不地道的用词，所用词语要符合语境的要求。用

36、词不当一般有以下几种情况： 1. 误用他词 2. 不合习惯的表达 3. 中式思维的影响 1、误用他词Many benefits could be deprived from exhibiting at a show.For visitors, going to an exhibition is an enjoyable, sociable occasion.derive deprivesociable social StationeryStationaryConversationConservation文具用品静止不动的会话保存，保持搭配错误The exhibitors had great f

37、aith and high hope for the organizer.They show great interest to our products. have faith inshow interest in2、未能区别同义词和近义词的差异DiePass awayKick the bucket不合习惯的表达法The prices of the commodities exhibited this time are not very expensive. The population of Shanghai is much more than that of Sydney. 指出不当用词

38、1.The reason why the exhibition didnt attract many visitors was because the organizers didnt focus efforts on advertising.2. My vocabulary is much more than that of some English-speaking people.Because-that More-larger3. Here comes the car for Hilton Hotel. 4. They have no time to concentrate around

39、 what you say.The shuttle busConcentrate on中式思维的影响中国式英语分为两种。一种是Chinese English，一种是China English。China English是用中式的语法和英式的词汇组合成的，指的是中国特有的东西。比如“饺子、功夫、气功、阴阳”等词，都用音译进入了英文词典。Chinglish(中式英语) 往往把汉语一句句机械地转换成英语，带有明显的汉语痕迹，因而不能被以英语为母语者所接受。 中式英语指带有中文语音、语法、词汇特色的英语。 Long time no see.Good good study and day day up.

40、People mountain people seaGive them some color to see seeI have no time to hear you.Welcome to have dinner in my restaurant.The rain is big outside.Could you please open the light?When did you first know him?Can you say English?He dated his brother yesterday.Answer my problem, please.1.这个价格挺合适的 The

41、price is very suitable for me. The price is right/good. suitable(合适的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：The following programme is not suitable for children.（下列节目儿童不宜。） 2.明天我有事情要做 I have something to do tomorrow。 I am tied up all day tomorrow。用I have something to do来表示很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉

42、也是事情。所以可以说我很忙，脱不开身：Im tied up，还有其它的说法：I cant make it at that time. Id love to, but I cant, I have to stay at home。 3. 钥匙就在你眼皮底下 The key is right under your eye. The key is right under your nose. 在汉语中，我们常用眼睛来表示方位和环境，如眼前、眼下。而英文中under ones nose 表示在眼前、面前。 4. 你该吃药啦You should eat the medicineYou should ta

43、ke the medicine.Eat, have, take都有表示吃的意思5. 几天后，这个战士终于醒了Several days later, this soldier woke up finally.Several days later, this soldier came back to life finally.6. 街上空荡荡的The street is emptyThe street is clear.7.她独自一人住在公寓She lived lonely in an apartmentShe lived alone in an apartment8.我想我不行。I think

44、I cant。I dont think I can 汉语里说“我想我不会”的时候，英语里面总是说“我不认为我会”。以后在说类似的英语句子的时候，只要留心，也会习惯英语的表达习惯的。Didnt you receive the letter?Yes, I received it. No, I didnt receive it.作业1. 在中国，很多父母都望子成龙 In China, many parents long to see their children be dragons someday.2. 他挥金如土 He spends money like dirt.3. 如果你要保持健康，就要抵

45、制垃圾食品 If you want to keep healthy, you need to resist rubbish food.4. 我的腿很疼 I am painful in the legs.5. 他从来分不清东西南北 He can never identify east from west.6. 这菜有味道了，倒了吧 The dish has taste. Dump it.7. 我已经看穿了你的为人 I have already looked through you.8. 他总是笨手笨脚的 He is stupid in his hands and feet 9. 她坐在教室前面

46、She sits in front of the classroom10.他很难戒烟 He is difficult to give up smoking11. 旷课看球赛是不行的 Missing school to watch the football match is out of question12. 我收到了他的邀请 I accepted his invitation13. 这张照片让我想起童年时光 This picture made me remember my childhood.14. 如果你方便的话，我们讨论一下工作 If you are convenient, lets t

47、alk about the work15. 人与自然应和谐相处 Man should live at peace with nature词的选择 “情况”在这种情况下under these /such circumstances such being the case in accordance with this specific condition这种情况必须改变This state of affairs must change.现在情况不同了Now things are different.他们的情况怎么样？How do matters stand with them?前线有什么情况?H

48、ow is the situation at the front?前面有情况，做好战斗准备。Theres enemy activity ahead. Prepare for combat.可是在这种地方，情况却完全两样了。But the picture outside this place is quite another story.我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。We may go there, but that depends.词的搭配：定语和中心词的搭配浓茶strong tea浓墨thick or dark ink浓烟dense smoke浓重的口音strong accent浓眉毛th

49、ick/heavy eyebrows青天blue sky青山green hill青云Official position轻风轻伤轻声大师大熊猫大哥词的增补接到你的来信，非常高兴。I was very glad to have received your letter.她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes.请原谅，打断你一下。Excuse me for interrupting you.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,

50、whereas conceit makes one lag behind.男女老少都参加了战斗。Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.你是白天工作还是夜间工作？Do you work in the daytime or at night?我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.词的省略原文中重复出现的词语：生也好 死也好， 我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠于祖国

51、。Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our motherland. 我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。We answer that the Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history, that it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine.句子翻译的多样性你的眼睛长哪儿去了？Havent you got ey

52、es?Are you so blind?Are you such a blind man?Youre really stone-blind!How blind you are!As blind as a bat!What a blind man!A sightless guy! 根据字面意义翻译Why are you so rash?How can you be so reckless?My goodness! Be careful!Would you please be more careful? 这几个译文符合地道的英语 汉语中的典故、谚语和在一定历史、政治条件下形成的某些名词、术语和简化

53、说法，在英语中要添加一点解释班门弄斧Show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 五讲四美三热爱 the movement of five stresses, four points of beauty and three loves“ (The five stresses are: stress on decorum, manners, hygiene, discipline and morals. The four points of beauty are: beauty of the

54、mind, language, behavior and the environment. The three loves are: love of the motherland, socialism and the Communist Party.)三个代表 three represents theory (the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of Chinas advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of

55、Chinas advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)表示范畴的词和可能影响译文修辞效果的词语在党的领导下， 中国人民已经完成了解放事业。Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.义乌人民友善、勤劳、诚信、包容的品格给他们留下了深刻的印象The friendliness, hardworking, h

56、onesty and tolerance of the people in this city impress them deeply.花园里面是人间的乐园， 有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. 翻译方法及翻译技巧翻译方法 methods of translation 1.直译 (技巧) literal translation2.

57、意译 (技巧) free translation 3.异化 (策略) alienation 4.归化 (策略) domestication 1. 直译（literal translation） 指在翻译过程中按原文逐字逐句一对一的翻译。人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题，即如何在保持原语形式的同时，不让其意义失真。e.g. one country, two systems 一国两制The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流 to fish in troubled waterto add fuel to the fire a

58、gentlemans agreementpaper tigerBlood is thicker than water.crocodiles tearsIn-class practice浑水摸鱼火上加油君子协定纸老虎血浓于水鳄鱼的眼泪Exercises1. Hes a wolf in sheeps clothing 披着羊皮的狼2. Walls have ears 隔墙有耳 2. 意译（free translation） 是指根据原文的大意来翻译,不作逐字逐句的翻译(区别于“直译”)。意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用。从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看，意译强调的是译语文化

59、体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性。e.g.Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 直译：到了桥边才能过桥。 意译：不必过早地担心。Dont lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.直译：不要等马被盗后，才去锁马厩门。意译：未雨绸缪，防患于未然1) Adams apple2) biological parents 3) It rains cats and dogs (elephants and whales). 4) Will a duck swim? 5) Do you see any

60、green in my eye? 6) a nuclear family 7) Justice has long arms. 8) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.9) They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.In-class practice 喉结亲生父母大雨滂沱那还用说吗？你以为我是幼稚可欺的吗?小家庭天网恢恢，疏而不漏。昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。他们拼命奔逃，连吃奶的力气都用上了。 直译和意译的区别 1. It s a Smoke Free Area. 直译: