各大时态的被动语态专题培训课件

1、各大时态的被动语态被动语态The Passive Voice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。一、运用被动语态的情景1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。

2、The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）His brother washes bowls every day.主谓宾(受动者)Bowls are washedbyhis brother every day.改为被动语态They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines

3、 in Beilun.People speak English as the first language in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in UK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？1.They make shoes

4、 in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词变为被动语态He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday .They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned

5、 our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.They planted many trees years ago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted b

6、y them years ago.2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow

7、.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow. A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmast

8、er this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good

9、 care of by Amy.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turne

10、d off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.归纳总结方法 把主动语态变为被动语态可按“一变、二套、三注意”来进行。 即：一变-把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语 改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。二套-根据原句的时态套用相应的时态。三注意-注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例如：Many people speak English.English by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday.His shoes

11、 by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed练习：1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People used metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada. 7.They write business letters in English.

12、 8.They grow rice in South China. 9.They plant many trees in North China. 10.Lu Xun wrote this book. 11.The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box as a table. 13.We should clean the classroom every day 下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees. 2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finis

13、hed our compositions. 看一看 想一想Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词We have made twenty more

14、keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时 态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形will/be going to+ be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+ be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+ being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/w

15、ere+ being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+ been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+ been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. e.g. They look after t

16、he new students in the school.被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.1).Parents always look after their children carefully. Children are always looked after carefully. 2).She will turn off the light after class. The light will be turned off after class。3).She listened to the tea

17、chers carefully sometimes. The teachers were listened to carefully sometimes. 2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加“to” e.g. They make us do all the work.被动句：We are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs.被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us. e.g. I saw him w

18、alk to school.被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.特别提示：一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, 中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动时，要补上to。(记忆口诀：“使感动词”真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来。”)使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb. do sth.sb. be made to do sth.have sb. do sth.sb. be had to do sth.let sb. do sth.s

19、b. be let to do sth.感观动词see sb. do sth.sb. be seen to do sth.watch sb. do sth.sb. be watched to do sth.hear sb. do sth.sb. be heard to do sth.notice sb. do sth.sb. be noticed to do sth.go The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw h

20、im enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意当使用see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.时，变为被

21、动语态时，doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for” 。 e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday. 被动2 A flower is given to me by

22、him everyday. e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother . 被动2 A computer was bought for me by my mother . 1.He passed me some paper. I was passed some paper by him. Some paper was passed to me by him. 2.He bought me a present for my birthday. I was bought a presen

23、t by him for my birthday. A present was bought for me for my birthday by him. 3. They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me.练习：将下列句子变为被动句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully. Li Leis father is listened to carefully by Li Lei .

24、 2.The mother looked after the baby in the room. The baby was looked after by the mother in the room. 3.We took care of the things. The things were taken care of by us. 4.They gave us some work. We were given some work by them. Some work was given to us by them. 5.The boy made them laugh all the tim

25、e. They were made to laugh all the time by the boy. 6.My mother buys me a bike. A bike is bought for me by my mother. I am bought a bike by my mother. 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of

26、 their classroom_ _ twice a month.EXERCISES are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on

27、 the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on