英语语法主谓一致课件

1、英语主谓一致原则实例分析在有些情况下，主语并不是想像的那么简单。主语会有几个词、词组甚至从句组成。这时候，我们就要分清楚：主语究竟是单数，还是复数？所以，主、谓单复数一致问题，最关键的是要搞清楚主语究竟是单数还是复数？如果把主语单复数搞清楚了，谓语单复数自然就清楚了。1、主语中有下列连词，仍然算作单数。如：as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than,

2、 no less than 等。例如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会。A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外， 没人知道这件事。2、以and或both. and. 连接的并列主语，如果是可数名词，通常都是复数；如果是不可数名词，仍然是单数。但是，如果主语指的

3、是同一个人或事，则也算作单数。例如：What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。说和做是两件事，复数The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。worker 和 writer 指同一个人，单数The worker and the writer have come.A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。needle 和 thread 作为一个整体，单数Truth and honesty is the best poli

4、cy. 真诚是最好的策略。两个不可数名词，仍然是是单数3、注意： 由and连接的并列主语， 如果前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时， 仍然作为单数处理。例如： Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。No man and no animal is to be fou

5、nd on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。考点二：1. 数量词如时间、 距离、 金额、 价值、 度量等作主语时， 如果它们当作一个整体，则为单数形式；如果它们分开来看作一个一个的单位时，则算处复数形式。例如：Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光阴， 弹指一挥间。Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。Three weeks was allowed for making the neces

6、sary preparations. 三个星期被允许去进行必要的准备。Ten yuan is enough. 十元钱足够了。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 2. 分数/百分数of 结构中， 单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。例如：Only three fifths of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干完了3/5的工作。Two thirds of the earths surface is covered by water. 地球表面的2

7、/3是水域。In the USA, 75 percent of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国75%的谷物用来喂养动物。50 percent of the students are girls in our college. 我们学院50%的学生是女生。3. 表示“种类”计量单位的名词，如 kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、 复数形式同形)、 species(单数、 复数形式同形)、 ton、 meter 等与of连用时， 由“种类”计量单位

8、本身单词的单、复数形式决定单复数。例如：This kind of these apples is sweet. 这种苹果很甜。These kinds of apples are very sweet. 这些种类的苹果都很甜。Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 去掉生产了一万吨的煤。Large quantities of water are needed. 现在需要大量的水。In western countries, mountains of rubbish are thrown away each day. 在西方国家，每天有成

9、吨的垃圾被扔出。4. a number of 表示“大量的”，谓语用复数形式； the number of 表示“的数量”， 谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。5. each, one, much, (a) little, either, neither, another, the other 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词通常为单数形式。 som

10、e, any, every, no构成的复合词(如somebody, nobody, everything, anything 等)作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。例如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每个人有一台录音机。Each of the girls Each girl has a new hat. 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。Neither plan suits me. 两个计划没有一个合乎我的心意。Either of the rooms is big enough. 两个房间中的任何一间都够大。Is everybody here? 人都到齐了吗？There

11、 was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表没什么问题。Nobody knows the answer to the question. 没有人知道这道题的答案。Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。Something strange has happened. 奇怪的事发生了。注意： 如果each仅位于复数主语之后作同位语时， 则该主语不受each的影响， 仍为复数形式。例如： The old workers each have their own t

12、ools. 老工人们人人都有他们各自的工具。The students each have a book. 学生们每人都有一本书。6. what, which, who, whose 等疑问代词作主语时， 根据其含义来确定单数还是复数。如果所指的含义不明确， 作为单数形式；如果有具体的内容，则为复数。例如： Which is your room? 哪是你的房间？Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你们的房间？Who is your brother? 你兄弟是谁？Who are League Members? 哪些是团员？8. half of, plenty of, the res

13、t of, a lot of, lots of, a portion of 等, 或者all, some, more, most, any, none 作主语时， 它们既可表示可数名词，也可表示不可数名词。因此，要根据它们所表示的具体含义，来确定单、复数形式。例如： Half of the apple is bad. 这只苹果坏了一半。Half of the apples are bad. 苹果中有一半是坏的。A lot of money is spent on tobacco every year. 每年在烟草上花去大量的钱。A lot of things have been done by

14、 her since yesterday. 昨天以来她已做了很多事。All of the paint is fine. 这些油漆都很好。All of the students are working hard. 所有的学生都在用功。All is right. 一切顺利。 All are present. 所有人都到齐了。Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。Most of the houses in this town are new. 这个镇上的大多数房屋都是新的。None of the money is

15、mine. 这笔钱中没有一点是我的。None of us have/has been to Xian.我们当中谁都没有去过西安。The majority of the students like English. 大部分学生都喜欢英语。all 作主语时若指人，谓语通常用复数；若指事物或现象，HYPERLINK 谓语通常用单数：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。比较：All is silent. 万籁俱寂。(指现象)All are silent. 人人都沉默不语。(指具体的人)【注意】若是“al

16、l of+名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。主谓一致原则的第三个问题，是邻近一致原则。邻近一致原则，是指主语有两个以上的部分，即前面一个部分，后面一个部分。那么，谓语动词的单、复数根据哪个部分来决定呢？根据邻近一致原则，在由or、there be 等句型中，谓语动词与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。注意：邻近原则仅适用于主语用or连接和there be 等少数句型中。1. 由or等连词连接的主语。主语是由or, either . or ., nor, neither . nor ., whether . or ., not . but ., not only . but also

17、. 等连接时， 谓语动词的单复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定， 例如： One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。What I say or what I think is no business of yours. 我所说的或者我所想的与你们没关系。Either you or she is to go. 或者你，或者她打算去。Neither I nor he is to blame. 我和他都不该受责备。Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。Not you but your father is

18、 to blame. 不是你， 而是你父亲该受责备。Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了， 他也错了。Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change. 不仅老师， 而且他的学生都反对这种改变。2. “there/here be”句型中的主谓一致问题。“there/here be”句型中，真正的主语在be之后。 系动词be的单、复数应与be后面最近的一个主语保持一致。 例如：There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一

19、本书和几支钢笔。Here are some apples and bread for you. 这些苹/和面包是给你的。补充：many a ，more than one+名词“作主语，谓语动词常用单数例如： many a student has been sent to plant trees. More than one teacher gets the flowers.One of +复数名词+定语从句”作主语谓语用复数；the only one of +复数名词“+定语从句，定语从句谓语用单数。例如：He is one of the students who get there on t

20、ime.附 全国各省高考真题精选5. 主语从句做主语主语从句做主语，主句谓语动词的单复数需根据从句表示的单复数意义决定。1what引导的主语从句做主语（1）通常情况下，由what引导的主语从句放在句首时，其后的谓语动词，按语法一致的原则用单数。What she said is correct.What caused the accident is not clear.（2）当主句中的表语是复数形式，或what从句的谓语动词及其补足语均为复数形式时，主句的谓语动词应用复数。What he gave me are five English books.What are used as chief

21、building materials today are steel and concrete.（3）当what引导的主语从句是一个由and连接的并列结构时，应根据句意确定其表达的单复数意义，然后决定主句谓语动词的单复数形式。What he says and acts does not concern me.What he says and acts do not agree.What I say and what I think are no business of yours.2由其它词引导的从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Whether they will hold a party o

22、r not has not been decided.Who is responsible for the accidents is not clear.3当同一个主语从句是由两个不同的引导词引导时，因为它表达的还是同一件事，因此，谓语动词一般用单数。When and where we should hold the meeting has not been decided yet.4当主语是由两个由and连接的主语从句组成，通常表示的是两件不同的事情，主句谓语动词需用复数形式。What you eat and how much you exercise are important facto

23、rs in a weight loss program.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.（七）非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词中的动词不定式和动名词可以在句中做主语。1单个非谓语动词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。To see is to believe.Playing with fire is dangerous.2当主语为两个并列的非谓语动词短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。但是当并列的两个部分皆指同一个概念或事情时，谓语动词则需用单数形式。Going to bed early

24、 and getting up early is a good habit.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.To work and to live are two different things, but they are always together.To listen to fine music and to have conversation with good friends are two pleasures in life.考题1 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that

25、three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are解析 第一个空格处的主语是a survey，单数；第二个空格处的主语是three hours of ，小时等数量单位通常作单数处理。答案B.考题2 The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day

26、long.A. is B. are C. was D. were解析 分数作主语，单、复数根据of 后面名词的单、复数来定。此句中，one third 指的是复数的notebook computers，所要为复数。答案D. 考题3 _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are解析 分子大于1时，分母要用复数加 s， 所以是two fifths； 在分数、 百分数做主语时， 单、复数取决于of 后面的内容，此句the land 为不可数名词，作单数处理。答案C.考题4 Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. A. are B. is C. being D. to be解析 most of 由后面名词的单、复数决定。此句中，what has been said about the Smiths 是从句，作单数对待。因此谓语动词也是单数。答案B.考题5 With more forests being destroyed, h