初中英语名词专项讲解

1、 /7名词一导入：有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600下啦。”小钟吓坏了，说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复

2、数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式：S所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类专有名词：名字（人名、地名、书名、机构名）、与国家有关的（国家、国民、语言）、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group不可数名词质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood象名

3、词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题主意/意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青

4、年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】（1）family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数（2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。Thepolice（主语）+谓语动词复数people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。（The）.people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式（1）规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情况在词尾直接加

5、s,例bags。2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es,例bus-busesbox-boxes。3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es例city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以o结尾的除potato（马铃薯）、tomato（西红柿）、hero（英雄）加es,其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es,roof、proof直接加-s,例life-liveswife-wivesroofroofs。（2）不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-te

6、ethmouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer鹿，fish鱼，sheep绵羊，bison野牛，crab螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin亲属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft飞机，aircraft飞机，spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百,thousand千，million白力，dozen一打，score二十

7、其他series系列；species种类；means方法（3）不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。2/7例：acupofcoffee（杯咖啡）twoglassesofmilk（两杯牛奶）threepiecesofpaper（三张纸）fourbottlesofwater（四杯水）三、名词所有格含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是s所有格，一种是of所有格BeijingisChinascapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTomsbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyis

8、thekeysowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.1、S所有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加s,如Lucyspen路西的钢笔ChildrensDay(儿童节)；以s结尾的复数名词，只加,如thestudentsbooks学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s,如LucyandLilysbedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s,如LucysandLilysdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格：.of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom.双重

9、所有格：of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy(brother).Issheadaughterof(you)?典型例题讲解Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.ideasB.photosC.newsD.storiesIhavetwoandthreebottlesofhere.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,orangesEveryeveningMr.Kingtakesatohishome.A.25minuteswalkB.25minuteswalkC.25minute

10、walkD.25minuteswalkAnoldwantstoseeyou.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.thepersonTOC o 1-5 h zHelpyourselfto.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapplesOh,dear.Iforgotthetwo.A.roomsnumberB.roomsnumberC.roomnumbersD.roomsnumbersShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersec

11、ond.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.roomB.muchexperienceD.alotexperiencewasheretenminutesago.motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPetersB.MaryandPeterC.MarysandPeterD.MarysandPeters9.LiLeihasbeentomanytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.herunclesC.herunclesD.aunts10.Heisasuccessasaleade

12、rbuthehasntinteaching.A.manyexperiencesC.anexperienceAclassmateofA.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursistersAgroupofaretalkingwithtwoA.Frenchmen,GermansGermans,FrenchmansFrenchmans,GermenGermen,FrenchmenTheteamhavingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be“Wouldyoulike?”“,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,Coffee

13、sC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffeesmen.15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby,butalsothefleshandbloodofA.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三巩固训练：1.Thisis_reading-room.A.theteachersB.teachersC.teachersD.theteachersNothingwasfo

14、undbut_broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroomswindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroomHowmany_wouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbreadHewaspraisedforhis_.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbravePleasegetmeanew_whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousersThereare34_doctorsinthehosp

15、ital.A.womanB.womenC.womansD.womensSome_areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboosHewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin_.A.BuildingsecondB.BuildingTwoC.theBuildingTwoD.BuildingtheSecondOldasheis,hehas_todoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitea

16、lotofhomeworks4/7 /7 /7A.newfurnituresJacksroomisfurnishedwithmanynewfurnituresmanynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture11.Haveyouread_newspaperyet?A.todaysB.TodaysthetodaysD.yourtodays12.Itsnotfar,only_walkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutesatenminutesD.tenminutesLastmonth,hewro

17、teme_letter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000wordsHehada_sleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnightsD.good-nights_isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.ThreemilesdistanceD.Athree-mile-distance16.Hisisntfitforthework.Pleasegetme_.A.somethingelseB.somebodyel

18、seC.someoneelsesD.somebodyselseDoyouknowhowlarge_is?A.populationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.Chinaspopulation_istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.TheboxsweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.TheboxoftheweightExcuseme,howcanIgettothenearest_shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoesD.shoesWhat_weatherwereh

19、avingthesedays!A.niceaniceC.abadD.worseTheysaythatthemeetingwillbe_.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportantImgoingtocallat_thisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlacksD.BlacksWhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeoplesreligiousA.beliefbeliefsC.beliefsD.believsTherearesome_waitingf

20、oryououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.JapaneseTheirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof_tohelppeoplewalk.A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachineThereremany_inmybrothersalbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stampsYesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof_.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meatsUponhearingwhatIs

21、aid,his_rose.A.angerB.angryC.angrilyD.angrinessExcuseme,canyouchangethis_forme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnoteC.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotesYouhavetomake_foryourjourneyA.preparingB.preparationC.apreparationD.preparations四课堂过手训练：1.Wehaventgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(07)AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit2.1vereadsportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesofLinda,Iveboughtmany.Nowletsmakethebirthdayc