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1、学生常用表达更得分的表达方式名词1thingsthatonetrieshardtodoonesundertakings/onescommitments2Thefactisthat.Therealityisthat.3joyhappiness/delight/enjoyment4sadnesssorrow/grief5dangerhazard/peril(后面这个词语气很强,危险程度非 同一般)派生dangerous; hazardous6educationschooling (指学校教育,家庭教育则用 upbringing/parenting)区分家庭教育的两个词 upbringing是从孩子

2、的角度说的,比如 childrensupbringing;而parenting 是从家长的角 度来说,比如 sensibleparenting.7advertisement/advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目,就一定体会过不 停轮换使advertisement/advertising有多郁闷。其 实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化,比如 commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告),flyers (传单广告,北京最常见的形式就是“135*, 办证”),billboards (大幅的广告牌)或者 non-profitadvertisements=public-interestad

3、vertis ements (公益广告)8carautomobile9economiccrisiseconomicmeltdown (很接近)/recession (这个 一般仅仅还是衰退)/theGreatDepression (这个 则是特指1929年开始的那次了)1 0famouspeoplecelebrities (单数为celebrity)11humanbeings (备考生使用过多)humanity (注意这个词的单数指人类,复数指 人文学科)/thehumanrace12wealthfortune(s) ( fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数)13相关richwealthy/

4、affluent(adj.)14skilltechnique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者 方法,而不是technology科技)15派生skilledadept/adroit(adj.)16methodmethodology(国外学术写作中超级常用的词, 基本就是method的故作高深版)17fieldsphere/domain/arena18understandingof-graspof/commandof19choiceoption20cooperation-collaboration21basicstructureinacityoracountryinfrastructure22ti

5、rednessforalongtimefatigue23isamustofisaprerequisitefor (是的必备先决条件)24theInternet-theinformationhighway(一篇考生作文里 Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)25honesty-integrity26strongbelieffaith(in)27aimintention28worriesanxieties(是的,这两个词的确都可以加复数)29influenceimpact/repercussion/implication30influenceoneachothermutualinfluence

6、(类似的表达还有mutualrespect,mutualtrust和mutualunderstanding/interactionbetweenAandB/i nterplaybetweenAandB31manydifferentkindsof.avarietyof. ./awidearrayof. ./awiderangeof.32wrongideasheldbymanypeoplemisconceptions33fameprestige/sterlingreputation34range-spectrum35sense-recognition36partcomponent (这个词不仅指零

7、件,在学术写作中 也经常指“部分”)37wise相关sensible(adj.)38gapdisparity39asystemforaparticularpurpose-amechanismfor4asolutiontosth.aremedyforsth.(生活中经常指 种病的治疗方0法,但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决 方法,注意搭配的介词不同)41badstudents-unrulystudents/disruptivestudents42badbehaviorunethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior43organizationsthathelppoorpeo

8、plecharities/charitableorganizations44differencedistinction45派生bedifferentfrombedistinctfrom(adj.)46personindividual47personality-disposition48businessesenterprises (这里指企业)49pricesthataretoohighexorbitantprices5 0therateof.theincidenceof.(后面一般跟坏事儿,比如 unemployment/crime/adisease)51intenseenthusiasmze

9、al/passion52culturalglobalization (有过多人使用这 个词)globalculturalhomogenization53athingthatisnecessaryanecessity54athingthatisnewandinterestinganovelty55athingthatisrareararity56thingsthatpeoplearenotsureaboutuncertainties57aworldlanguageauniversallanguage58friendscompanions59relaxation-recreation60self-

10、respect-sellesteemanddignity61respectsb./sth.holdsb./62反义lookdownon.treat. .withcontemptdespise(v.)63self-controlself-discipline64criminalconvict65prisonerinmate66drinks-alcoholicbeverages67peoplewhowalkonthestreetpedestrians68oldgenerationsinhistoryancestors69apersonwhobenefitsfromsth.abeneficiaryo

11、fsth.70adiseasethatspreadsquicklyanepidemic (注意这个词虽然是-ic结 尾,却不是形容词)71averyunpleasantwayoflifemisery72ataskthatrequireslotsofeffortanarduoustask73emotion-sentiment74enemy-opponent/foe75narrowmindsinsularminds (狭隘的头脑或者观念)76awaytodosth.anapproachtodoingsth./anavenuetowar dssth.77hobby-pastime/diversion

12、78progressprogression (经常指抽象的进步,比 如写关于 society/career/technology 的 话题)79failuresetback (注意作名词的时候中间不 要加空格)80importancesignificance (当你用了一次 importance之后,第二次不妨用这 个)81dutyobligation (用于比较重要的责任)82difficultyhindrance/impediment/hurdles83pressurefromyourclassmatespeerpressure84citizenswhocanworklaborforce/

13、workforce (都是总体概 念,而且注意后面这个词的标准写 法中间没有空格)85problemsordiseasesthatexistforalongtimepersistentproblems/chronicdiseases86alifewithoutregularexerciseasedentarylifestyle87resultconsequence (表示消极的结果更多 一些)88thoughts-considerations89thelackofknowledgeignorance (注意在地道央文里,这个 词经常并不表示“忽视”,而是表示 “无知”)90harm(n.)ad

14、verseeffect91harm(vt.)damagedestroy/ruin (这两个词比 damage程度更重)spoil (后面跟 thecityscape/scenery/environment) undermine (后面跟抽象概念,比如 stability/socialorder/harmony ) jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念,比如 onesfuture/onescareer) tarnish (后面 跟。nesreputation/image) sap/dampen(后面跟onesenthusiasm/interest/confidence)92派生harmfuld

15、etrimental(adj.)93派生beharmfulto-poseathreatto94badluckmisfortune95troubleadversity/dilemma/predicament/hards hip96crimeoffense/criminalact97youthcrime-juveniledelinquency98criminaloffender/-culprit/-perpetrator99seriouscrimeheinouscrime/felony100aminorcrimeamisdemeanor101shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dea

16、rth(of)102theonlyoneanexception103placeswhereanimalslivehabitat形容词104worrying-disturbing形容词105verypopularprevalent/ubiquitous106TRUEgenuine(trulyagenuinely)107deepprofound (深刻的,后面经常跟 wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/thoug hts)108strongpowerful/mighty109weak-vulnerable110hard-workingindustrious (注意

17、不是 industrial,而 diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词)111verydisappointinglamentable/pathetic112begood(for)bebeneficial(to)=beinthebestinterests(of)113benotasgoodasbeinferiorto114bebetterthanbesuperiorto115uninterestingmundane (注意这个词其实再美国很多时 候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum116manynumerous (注意要跟可数名词)117complicatedintricate118st

18、rangeodd/bizarre/eccentric(单 weird 有点过于口 语化了)119cannotbeturnedbackbeirreversible120produceusefulresultsproductive121practical-realistic122maturesophisticated (这个词指人的时候意思是 思维成熟老练的)123selfishself-centered/materialistic124proud (贬义)conceited125suitablefitting126mostsuitableoptimal127lonelyisolated/alie

19、nated128alonesolitary129beeasilyinfluencedbysth.besusceptibletosth.(一般是坏事情,比如 adisease/attacks)130isbetterthanissuperiorto131notasgoodas.isinferiorto132bethesamebeidentical/behomogenous/beuniform (后 面两个词比较正式,一般是说 culturalglobalization的时候常用,现在理 解为什么校服的名词叫schooluniforms 了 吧,就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服)133interesti

20、ng-stimulating134boring-monotonous/repetitive135uselessredundant136smartintelligent137famousrenowned138positive-desirable/encouraging139happydelighted140enjoyabledelightful141canbeusedbeavailable142hardtounderstandbewildering/baffling/confusing143(laws/rules/people)notstrictlenient144healthywholesom

21、e (注意说人的健康还是要用 healthy,但是如果说事物有益健康,就 可以用 wholesome)145goodfortheenvironmenteco-friendly (.Bikingisfarmoreeco-friendlythandrivingthe irSUVs.)146nervous/anxious-apprehensive147doubtsth.beskepticalaboutsth.148fair-justified149unfair-unwarranted/unjustifiable150hugeenormous/massive/vast/colossal151small

22、tiny/miniscule (后面一般跟抽象名词)152havemanydifferent abilitiesbeversatile/bewell-rounded153befamiliarwithbewell-acquaintedwith154verysuccessful/ad mirabledistinguished155properappropriate156typicalquintessential (这个语气非常强)157exactprecise/-accurate158ugyunsightly159poor-qualitysubstandard(housing/accommodat

23、ion/work/goods/machines)160thepresent.thecurrent. ./theexisting.(比如 thecurrentfinancialcrisis/theexistingenvironm entalproblems)161outdatedantiquated/obsolete162highly-respectedesteemed163complete(adj.)/wh oleentire164spendalotofmoneyleadanextravagant/alavishlife165openenlighted/progressive (开明的,逐步的

24、,经 常用来形容govern-ment或者society)166167withlonghistorytime-honored (后面经常跟抽象名词,比如 tradition/practice/methods/heritage)168continuingforeverperpetual169importantsignificantessentialvita l(这三个词的重要性 依次递增)170veryattractiveveryappealing/fascinating/captivating171verycarefulcautious172beveryinterestedinbeabsorb

25、edin/beengrossedin173bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor174disappointingfrustrating175wrongerroneous176longandabitannoyi nglengthy177verydifficultdaunting/formidable178beingspreadinunco ntrolledwayrampant(后面经常跟负面现象,比如 crime,pollution 或者 discrimination)179cruel-inhumane/merciless180fatoverweight/obese (后面这个已

26、经胖出病了)181havingwrongopini onsskewed/biased (这两个词一般在IELTS媒体 类话题使用,表示“有偏见的”)182includingmanythin gscomprehensive (综合的,全面的)183enoughadequate/sufficient/ample/abundant (注意这 四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)184toomuchexcessive185verylittleminimal (注意不是 minimum)186causebadeffectscounterproductive (其实地道英文与作里这 个词不见得和生产有关,只要阻止人

27、们达 到目的,都可以与它counterproductive)187strictstringent (后面一般跟laws,measures或者 rules)188urgentpressing(problems)189quiettranquilandserene (美语中这两个词经常可 以连在起用)动词190strengthen/fortify/reinforce/consolidatesth.191weaken/erode (侵蚀)192enhance/better(很少看到国内考生用better 当动词,其实在学术与作中bettersth.是挺 常见的表达)193aggravate/exace

28、rbatesth.194control.(anegativ etrend)curb. .(crime/pollution/economicrecessions)195stopcease196managesth.-regulatesth./overseesth.197appearemerge/arise(后者的主i 一般是抽象概念, 比如 debate)198dieoutgoextinct199failtoseeneglect/overlook200set.freerelease(prisoners/stress)201begincommence/initiate(后者跟抽象概念更 多,比如 i

29、nitiatetheconflict)202narrow/bridgethegapbe tweenAandB(注意这 里bridge作动词)反义widenthegapbetweenAandB203beforcedtodosth.becompelledtodosth.204sgoal/onescareer/businessinterests/maxi mumprofit/hegemony)206dosth.-perform/conduct (注意这里的perform 不是“表演”而是“从事”)207donotdosth.refrainfromdoingsth.208carryoutimpleme

30、o.convert.to/into.210decreasedecline/dwindle (特指逐渐缓慢的减 少)/dip/slip(后两个词用来指短促的下 降)211makeacrimecommitacrime (注意作文中不要用 makeacrime这样不地道的央文)212commitacrimeagainreverttocrime (这里的crime作不 可数名 词)213punishpenalize214派生punishmentpenalty215spreadpropagate/disseminate (这两个词后面经常跟 information/ideas/

31、belief这类 名 词)216developfastflourish/thrive217develop (这里作“培 养”的意思cultivate/foster/nurture (这三个词后面 经常跟和教育有关的名词,比如 aninterestinsocialissues)218相关fast-developingburgeoning219acceptadopt (注意这个词不是adapt适应,而 是接纳,米纳的意思)220buildconstruct221gathergarner,但这个词只能用在很正式的意 思,而且略有贬义,比如garnerfunding,garnersupportduri

32、ngtheUNclimateconferenceatCopenhagen222measuregauge,比 measure稍正式一点223teachsth.-impartsth./inculcatesth.(注意如果 teach后面是人则不要替换)224startinitiate多用于政府类话题225supportespouse,后面跟某种重要的事业,类 似的还有动词champion (作动词不是 冠军的意思了)和动词sanction (它作 名词则变成了“制裁”)226praise-compliment/extol (后面这个语气很强)227support-buttress/bolster2

33、28prove/confirmverify229creategenerate (一般是大规模的产生,比如 generateemploymentopportunities/gener atetaxrevenue/electricity)breed (一般是 产生消极的东西,比如 conflict/crime/resentment) spawn (一般 是产生新事物,比如 spawninventions/innovations )230use-utilize/exploit231use.againrecycle232workhardworkassiduously233get-acquire (注意

34、 acquire/gainknowledge 比learnknowledge在地道英文中更力口 常见)234considercontemplate/reflecton/ponder235meetencounter,多用于政府,文化或者 success这样偏大一些的话题236providesth.affordsth.(在正式英文写作中,afford经常可以表示“提供”237needrequire (注意主语如果是人称则般还 需要使用need,但如果主语是事物, 则可以改用require )238whaveanaffinityforsth./haveastrongattac hmenttosth.

35、239beunhappyaboutcomplainabout(v.)/bediscontendedwith(adj.)240askforrequest241raiseelevate,就是正式版的raise,但只是“提 高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思242looklikesth.resemblesth.243treat.poorlymistreat./abuse.244considersth.valuablevaluesth./treasuresth./cherishsth.245keep-maintain/preserve (这个词后面经常跟 traditions/culturalheritag

36、e/wildanimals/n aturalresources 等)246mix.togetherblend/combine/synthesize247solvetackle/combat/address248noticediscern249understand. .tomean. /erpret.as.(很多时候这个词并不 是口译,而是把理解为.)250choosesth./choosetodos th.optforsth./opttodosth.251achievefulfill(onesdream/onesgoal/onespotential/onesobligation

37、/onespromise/onestask)252appearinlargenu mberssproutup/mushroom253make.lessserio usrelieve/ease/alleviate (作文中经常用到的搭配 有relievestress/alleviatepoverty/easethetrafficcongestion 等)254pay.for(oneslo ss)compensate.for.255pay.for(onesef fort)reward.for.256acceleratesth./speedupsth.257joinparticipatein258o

38、utweightprevailover (大豕应该已经注意到了,新托福 议论文的题目中经常出现o utweight这个词用 来比较事物的重要性或者利弊,在作文中最 好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇)259contributetopromote/facilitate (这两个词都是及物动词,所以不需要跟to)260preventthedevelopmentof. .hinder/impede/inhibit/obstruc261findout-identify262 263adoresth.264abhor/detest/loathe265hateresent/holdagrudgeagains

39、t266limitrestrict/constrain267avoid-bypass/eschew/shun268isnotlimitedto.isnotrestrictedto. ./isnotconfinedto.(经常用 来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围)269besosurprisedbeastonished/beastounded/bestartled270decidedetermine271moveto.relocateto. ./havebeenrelocatedto.272comefrom.originatefrom/in.273improveboost/enhance (

40、比如boostsolidarity增进团结/enhanceproductivity 提高生产率)274wasteuse.lavishly275attackassail (语气更强烈)276reducecurtail (多用于政府投资类话题)/diminish(多 用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题)277increaseaugment(多用于政府投资类话题)278helpassist279help(n.)assistance280setupestablish281trytodosth.attempttodosth.282tryhardtodosth.makeastrenuous/anarduou

41、s/apainstakingeffortt odosth.283changealter284change.alotfundamentallychange. ./radicallychange. ./tran sform.285solveaddress/combat286correct(vt.)rectify(amistake)287takedowndemolish/raze (谈到拆名建筑的时候常用)288obeyabideby/complywith/conformto (后面跟 thelaw/rules/regulations 等)289banban. .altogether/strictl

42、yprohibit.290criticizecondemn/denounce (这两个词一般用于政府类话题,但不要用在教育类)291increaseshowanupwardtrend/beontherise 反义: showadownwardtrend292dependonhingeon=becontingenton (意思是:取决于)293dependonrelyon (意思是:依靠)294dealwithcopewith295doonesbesttodos mitoneselftodoingsth./strivetodosth./doone sutmosttodosth./sparenoe

43、fforttodosth.296useupexhaust(energy/resources)/stretch(resources)tot helimit297reportthedetailso fsth.298focusingon299spendAonB-dedicateAtoB300usetoomuch.stretch. .tothelimit/putastrainon.301pourdischarge (排放,环境类话题常用,比如 dischargechemicalwasteintorivers,streamsandla kes)302getusedtogetaccustomedto303

44、dieoutgoextinct304continuetoexistpersist305comewith.beattendedby/beaccompaniedby.306broadenoneshor izonsexpandonesoutlook/enlargeonesvision(broade noneshorizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多 惨遭贬值)307breakthelawviolatethelaw308incarceratesb.309makelawsagainslegislateagainst.310相关lawlegislation(名词,注意law在特指具体的法律 时可以用复数

45、,但是l egislation不能用复数)311stimulate (后面经常跟imagination/creativity/interest/economicgrowth等词汇)312makeonesdream cometruefulfillonespotential/attainonesgoal313havetherighttodo sth.beentitledtodosth.314leadtochangeinactasacatalystforchangein.315sticktoadhereto/clingto (注意后面这个有时候略带贬 义)316dealwiththeneedmeet

46、thedemand/satisfytheneed317take.awayfrom sb. .(省略号中可以填入freedom/leisuretime/therightt o 等值得拥有的 内容)318319getaclearideaofgetaclearperspectiveof320belostgoastray (作文中如果与青少年“误入歧途, 就不要再写getlost)321spendtoomuchti meonbeaddictedto/bepreoccupiedwith/beobsessedwith(这三个词组的语气越来越强)322preparefor.pavethewayfor. ./

47、laythegroundworkfor. ./layas olidfoundationfor.(为打好基础)323breakthebalanceupsetthebalance324balanceAandBstrikeabalancebetweenAandB(在 A和 B 之间争 取一种平衡)325catchcapture326thinkof. .asregard. .as/view. .as/perceive. .as327Get rid ofEliminate/remove328getridofabolish (多用于政府类话题,废除)329make.higherdriveup (后面经常t

48、hecrimerate/unemploymentrate)330moreandmore+a dj.Increasingly+adj .但要注意如果后面不是adj. 而是noun,那么就可以用 anincreasingnumberof (跟可数名词) /anincreasingamountof (跟不可数名词)来代 替副词331mainlyprimarily/principally/chiefly332Intheolddays,.Traditionally,. ./Historically,.333now-currently334Actually,.-Technically,(严格来说它的意思并

49、不是“事 实上”,但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确 地说”非常帮的词语)335verysoonimmediately336notoftenatallrarely337completelyentirely338339blindlyindiscriminately (不加选择的)/mechanically(机械的)340only-merely (注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词的 时候才可以这样替换)341alittle/abitsomewhat (注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词 的时候才可以这样替换)342mainlyprimarily/principally/chiefly短语&句子343aboutregarding/concerning/withrespectto/withregard to344before.priorto.345afewahandfulof(请注意仅指少数时acoupleof容易 被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化)346Although. .,ther ealsituationis.Hypothetically,. ./Theoretically,. ./Intheory/Id eally,.Butinreality,. ./Butinactuality,.

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