写作替换词必备

1、学生常用表达更得分的表达方式名词1thingsthatonetrieshardtodoonesundertakings/onescommitments2Thefactisthat.Therealityisthat.3joyhappiness/delight/enjoyment4sadnesssorrow/grief5dangerhazard/peril（后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非 同一般）派生dangerous; hazardous6educationschooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用 upbringing/parenting）区分家庭教育的两个词 upbringing是从孩子

2、的角度说的，比如 childrensupbringing;而parenting 是从家长的角 度来说，比如 sensibleparenting.7advertisement/advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不 停轮换使advertisement/advertising有多郁闷。其 实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如 commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers （传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135*， 办证”）,billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者 non-profitadvertisements=public-interestad

3、vertis ements （公益广告）8carautomobile9economiccrisiseconomicmeltdown （很接近）/recession （这个 一般仅仅还是衰退）/theGreatDepression （这个 则是特指1929年开始的那次了）1 0famouspeoplecelebrities (单数为celebrity)11humanbeings （备考生使用过多）humanity （注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指 人文学科）/thehumanrace12wealthfortune（s） （ fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）13相关richwealthy/

4、affluent(adj.)14skilltechnique（注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者 方法，而不是technology科技）15派生skilledadept/adroit(adj.)16methodmethodology（国外学术写作中超级常用的词， 基本就是method的故作高深版）17fieldsphere/domain/arena18understandingof-graspof/commandof19choiceoption20cooperation-collaboration21basicstructureinacityoracountryinfrastructure22ti

5、rednessforalongtimefatigue23isamustofisaprerequisitefor （是的必备先决条件）24theInternet-theinformationhighway（一篇考生作文里 Internet被使用十几次是常事儿）25honesty-integrity26strongbelieffaith(in)27aimintention28worriesanxieties（是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）29influenceimpact/repercussion/implication30influenceoneachothermutualinfluence

6、(类似的表达还有mutualrespect,mutualtrust和mutualunderstanding/interactionbetweenAandB/i nterplaybetweenAandB31manydifferentkindsof.avarietyof. ./awidearrayof. ./awiderangeof.32wrongideasheldbymanypeoplemisconceptions33fameprestige/sterlingreputation34range-spectrum35sense-recognition36partcomponent （这个词不仅指零

7、件，在学术写作中 也经常指“部分”）37wise相关sensible(adj.)38gapdisparity39asystemforaparticularpurpose-amechanismfor4asolutiontosth.aremedyforsth.（生活中经常指 种病的治疗方0法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决 方法，注意搭配的介词不同）41badstudents-unrulystudents/disruptivestudents42badbehaviorunethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior43organizationsthathelppoorpeo

8、plecharities/charitableorganizations44differencedistinction45派生bedifferentfrombedistinctfrom(adj.)46personindividual47personality-disposition48businessesenterprises （这里指企业）49pricesthataretoohighexorbitantprices5 0therateof.theincidenceof.(后面一般跟坏事儿，比如 unemployment/crime/adisease)51intenseenthusiasmze

9、al/passion52culturalglobalization （有过多人使用这 个词）globalculturalhomogenization53athingthatisnecessaryanecessity54athingthatisnewandinterestinganovelty55athingthatisrareararity56thingsthatpeoplearenotsureaboutuncertainties57aworldlanguageauniversallanguage58friendscompanions59relaxation-recreation60self-

10、respect-sellesteemanddignity61respectsb./sth.holdsb./62反义lookdownon.treat. .withcontemptdespise(v.)63self-controlself-discipline64criminalconvict65prisonerinmate66drinks-alcoholicbeverages67peoplewhowalkonthestreetpedestrians68oldgenerationsinhistoryancestors69apersonwhobenefitsfromsth.abeneficiaryo

11、fsth.70adiseasethatspreadsquicklyanepidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic结 尾，却不是形容词）71averyunpleasantwayoflifemisery72ataskthatrequireslotsofeffortanarduoustask73emotion-sentiment74enemy-opponent/foe75narrowmindsinsularminds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）76awaytodosth.anapproachtodoingsth./anavenuetowar dssth.77hobby-pastime/diversion

12、78progressprogression （经常指抽象的进步，比 如写关于 society/career/technology 的 话题）79failuresetback （注意作名词的时候中间不 要加空格）80importancesignificance （当你用了一次 importance之后，第二次不妨用这 个）81dutyobligation （用于比较重要的责任）82difficultyhindrance/impediment/hurdles83pressurefromyourclassmatespeerpressure84citizenswhocanworklaborforce/

13、workforce （都是总体概 念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写 法中间没有空格）85problemsordiseasesthatexistforalongtimepersistentproblems/chronicdiseases86alifewithoutregularexerciseasedentarylifestyle87resultconsequence （表示消极的结果更多 一些）88thoughts-considerations89thelackofknowledgeignorance （注意在地道央文里，这个 词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示 “无知”）90harm(n.)ad

14、verseeffect91harm(vt.)damagedestroy/ruin (这两个词比 damage程度更重)spoil (后面跟 thecityscape/scenery/environment) undermine (后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/socialorder/harmony ) jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，比如 onesfuture/onescareer) tarnish (后面 跟。nesreputation/image) sap/dampen(后面跟onesenthusiasm/interest/confidence)92派生harmfuld

15、etrimental(adj.)93派生beharmfulto-poseathreatto94badluckmisfortune95troubleadversity/dilemma/predicament/hards hip96crimeoffense/criminalact97youthcrime-juveniledelinquency98criminaloffender/-culprit/-perpetrator99seriouscrimeheinouscrime/felony100aminorcrimeamisdemeanor101shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dea

16、rth(of)102theonlyoneanexception103placeswhereanimalslivehabitat形容词104worrying-disturbing形容词105verypopularprevalent/ubiquitous106TRUEgenuine(trulyagenuinely)107deepprofound (深刻的，后面经常跟 wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/thoug hts)108strongpowerful/mighty109weak-vulnerable110hard-workingindustrious （注意

17、不是 industrial,而 diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）111verydisappointinglamentable/pathetic112begood(for)bebeneficial(to)=beinthebestinterests(of)113benotasgoodasbeinferiorto114bebetterthanbesuperiorto115uninterestingmundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时 候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum116manynumerous （注意要跟可数名词）117complicatedintricate118st

18、rangeodd/bizarre/eccentric（单 weird 有点过于口 语化了）119cannotbeturnedbackbeirreversible120produceusefulresultsproductive121practical-realistic122maturesophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是 思维成熟老练的）123selfishself-centered/materialistic124proud （贬义）conceited125suitablefitting126mostsuitableoptimal127lonelyisolated/alie

19、nated128alonesolitary129beeasilyinfluencedbysth.besusceptibletosth.(一般是坏事情，比如 adisease/attacks)130isbetterthanissuperiorto131notasgoodas.isinferiorto132bethesamebeidentical/behomogenous/beuniform （后 面两个词比较正式，一般是说 culturalglobalization的时候常用，现在理 解为什么校服的名词叫schooluniforms 了 吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）133interesti

20、ng-stimulating134boring-monotonous/repetitive135uselessredundant136smartintelligent137famousrenowned138positive-desirable/encouraging139happydelighted140enjoyabledelightful141canbeusedbeavailable142hardtounderstandbewildering/baffling/confusing143(laws/rules/people)notstrictlenient144healthywholesom

21、e （注意说人的健康还是要用 healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就 可以用 wholesome）145goodfortheenvironmenteco-friendly (.Bikingisfarmoreeco-friendlythandrivingthe irSUVs.)146nervous/anxious-apprehensive147doubtsth.beskepticalaboutsth.148fair-justified149unfair-unwarranted/unjustifiable150hugeenormous/massive/vast/colossal151small

22、tiny/miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）152havemanydifferent abilitiesbeversatile/bewell-rounded153befamiliarwithbewell-acquaintedwith154verysuccessful/ad mirabledistinguished155properappropriate156typicalquintessential （这个语气非常强）157exactprecise/-accurate158ugyunsightly159poor-qualitysubstandard(housing/accommodat

23、ion/work/goods/machines）160thepresent.thecurrent. ./theexisting.（比如 thecurrentfinancialcrisis/theexistingenvironm entalproblems）161outdatedantiquated/obsolete162highly-respectedesteemed163complete（adj.）/wh oleentire164spendalotofmoneyleadanextravagant/alavishlife165openenlighted/progressive （开明的，逐步的

24、，经 常用来形容govern-ment或者society）166167withlonghistorytime-honored （后面经常跟抽象名词，比如 tradition/practice/methods/heritage）168continuingforeverperpetual169importantsignificantessentialvita l（这三个词的重要性 依次递增）170veryattractiveveryappealing/fascinating/captivating171verycarefulcautious172beveryinterestedinbeabsorb

25、edin/beengrossedin173bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor174disappointingfrustrating175wrongerroneous176longandabitannoyi nglengthy177verydifficultdaunting/formidable178beingspreadinunco ntrolledwayrampant（后面经常跟负面现象，比如 crime,pollution 或者 discrimination）179cruel-inhumane/merciless180fatoverweight/obese （后面这个已

26、经胖出病了）181havingwrongopini onsskewed/biased （这两个词一般在IELTS媒体 类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）182includingmanythin gscomprehensive （综合的，全面的）183enoughadequate/sufficient/ample/abundant （注意这 四个词的语气是逐渐递增的）184toomuchexcessive185verylittleminimal （注意不是 minimum）186causebadeffectscounterproductive （其实地道英文与作里这 个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人

27、们达 到目的，都可以与它counterproductive）187strictstringent （后面一般跟laws,measures或者 rules）188urgentpressing(problems)189quiettranquilandserene （美语中这两个词经常可 以连在起用）动词190strengthen/fortify/reinforce/consolidatesth.191weaken/erode (侵蚀)192enhance/better（很少看到国内考生用better 当动词，其实在学术与作中bettersth.是挺 常见的表达）193aggravate/exace

28、rbatesth.194control.(anegativ etrend)curb. .(crime/pollution/economicrecessions)195stopcease196managesth.-regulatesth./overseesth.197appearemerge/arise（后者的主i 一般是抽象概念， 比如 debate）198dieoutgoextinct199failtoseeneglect/overlook200set.freerelease(prisoners/stress)201begincommence/initiate(后者跟抽象概念更 多，比如 i

29、nitiatetheconflict)202narrow/bridgethegapbe tweenAandB(注意这 里bridge作动词)反义widenthegapbetweenAandB203beforcedtodosth.becompelledtodosth.204sgoal/onescareer/businessinterests/maxi mumprofit/hegemony)206dosth.-perform/conduct （注意这里的perform 不是“表演”而是“从事”）207donotdosth.refrainfromdoingsth.208carryoutimpleme

30、o.convert.to/into.210decreasedecline/dwindle （特指逐渐缓慢的减 少）/dip/slip（后两个词用来指短促的下 降）211makeacrimecommitacrime （注意作文中不要用 makeacrime这样不地道的央文）212commitacrimeagainreverttocrime （这里的crime作不 可数名 词）213punishpenalize214派生punishmentpenalty215spreadpropagate/disseminate (这两个词后面经常跟 information/ideas/

31、belief这类 名 词）216developfastflourish/thrive217develop （这里作“培 养”的意思cultivate/foster/nurture （这三个词后面 经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如 aninterestinsocialissues）218相关fast-developingburgeoning219acceptadopt （注意这个词不是adapt适应，而 是接纳，米纳的意思）220buildconstruct221gathergarner,但这个词只能用在很正式的意 思，而且略有贬义，比如garnerfunding,garnersupportduri

32、ngtheUNclimateconferenceatCopenhagen222measuregauge，比 measure稍正式一点223teachsth.-impartsth./inculcatesth.（注意如果 teach后面是人则不要替换）224startinitiate多用于政府类话题225supportespouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类 似的还有动词champion （作动词不是 冠军的意思了）和动词sanction （它作 名词则变成了“制裁”）226praise-compliment/extol （后面这个语气很强）227support-buttress/bolster2

33、28prove/confirmverify229creategenerate （一般是大规模的产生，比如 generateemploymentopportunities/gener atetaxrevenue/electricity）breed （一般是 产生消极的东西，比如 conflict/crime/resentment） spawn （一般 是产生新事物，比如 spawninventions/innovations ）230use-utilize/exploit231use.againrecycle232workhardworkassiduously233get-acquire （注意

34、 acquire/gainknowledge 比learnknowledge在地道英文中更力口 常见）234considercontemplate/reflecton/ponder235meetencounter，多用于政府，文化或者 success这样偏大一些的话题236providesth.affordsth.（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”237needrequire （注意主语如果是人称则般还 需要使用need,但如果主语是事物， 则可以改用require ）238whaveanaffinityforsth./haveastrongattac hmenttosth.

35、239beunhappyaboutcomplainabout(v.)/bediscontendedwith(adj.)240askforrequest241raiseelevate,就是正式版的raise,但只是“提 高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思242looklikesth.resemblesth.243treat.poorlymistreat./abuse.244considersth.valuablevaluesth./treasuresth./cherishsth.245keep-maintain/preserve (这个词后面经常跟 traditions/culturalheritag

36、e/wildanimals/n aturalresources 等)246mix.togetherblend/combine/synthesize247solvetackle/combat/address248noticediscern249understand. .tomean. /erpret.as.（很多时候这个词并不 是口译，而是把理解为.）250choosesth./choosetodos th.optforsth./opttodosth.251achievefulfill(onesdream/onesgoal/onespotential/onesobligation

37、/onespromise/onestask)252appearinlargenu mberssproutup/mushroom253make.lessserio usrelieve/ease/alleviate (作文中经常用到的搭配 有relievestress/alleviatepoverty/easethetrafficcongestion 等)254pay.for(oneslo ss)compensate.for.255pay.for(onesef fort)reward.for.256acceleratesth./speedupsth.257joinparticipatein258o

38、utweightprevailover （大豕应该已经注意到了，新托福 议论文的题目中经常出现o utweight这个词用 来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最 好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）259contributetopromote/facilitate （这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）260preventthedevelopmentof. .hinder/impede/inhibit/obstruc261findout-identify262 263adoresth.264abhor/detest/loathe265hateresent/holdagrudgeagains

39、t266limitrestrict/constrain267avoid-bypass/eschew/shun268isnotlimitedto.isnotrestrictedto. ./isnotconfinedto.（经常用 来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）269besosurprisedbeastonished/beastounded/bestartled270decidedetermine271moveto.relocateto. ./havebeenrelocatedto.272comefrom.originatefrom/in.273improveboost/enhance (

40、比如boostsolidarity增进团结/enhanceproductivity 提高生产率)274wasteuse.lavishly275attackassail （语气更强烈）276reducecurtail （多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多 用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）277increaseaugment（多用于政府投资类话题）278helpassist279help(n.)assistance280setupestablish281trytodosth.attempttodosth.282tryhardtodosth.makeastrenuous/anarduou

41、s/apainstakingeffortt odosth.283changealter284change.alotfundamentallychange. ./radicallychange. ./tran sform.285solveaddress/combat286correct(vt.)rectify(amistake)287takedowndemolish/raze （谈到拆名建筑的时候常用）288obeyabideby/complywith/conformto (后面跟 thelaw/rules/regulations 等)289banban. .altogether/strictl

42、yprohibit.290criticizecondemn/denounce （这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）291increaseshowanupwardtrend/beontherise 反义： showadownwardtrend292dependonhingeon=becontingenton (意思是：取决于）293dependonrelyon （意思是：依靠）294dealwithcopewith295doonesbesttodos mitoneselftodoingsth./strivetodosth./doone sutmosttodosth./sparenoe

43、fforttodosth.296useupexhaust（energy/resources）/stretch（resources）tot helimit297reportthedetailso fsth.298focusingon299spendAonB-dedicateAtoB300usetoomuch.stretch. .tothelimit/putastrainon.301pourdischarge （排放，环境类话题常用，比如 dischargechemicalwasteintorivers,streamsandla kes）302getusedtogetaccustomedto303

44、dieoutgoextinct304continuetoexistpersist305comewith.beattendedby/beaccompaniedby.306broadenoneshor izonsexpandonesoutlook/enlargeonesvision（broade noneshorizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多 惨遭贬值）307breakthelawviolatethelaw308incarceratesb.309makelawsagainslegislateagainst.310相关lawlegislation（名词，注意law在特指具体的法律 时可以用复数

45、，但是l egislation不能用复数）311stimulate （后面经常跟imagination/creativity/interest/economicgrowth等词汇）312makeonesdream cometruefulfillonespotential/attainonesgoal313havetherighttodo sth.beentitledtodosth.314leadtochangeinactasacatalystforchangein.315sticktoadhereto/clingto （注意后面这个有时候略带贬 义）316dealwiththeneedmeet

46、thedemand/satisfytheneed317take.awayfrom sb. .（省略号中可以填入freedom/leisuretime/therightt o 等值得拥有的 内容）318319getaclearideaofgetaclearperspectiveof320belostgoastray （作文中如果与青少年“误入歧途， 就不要再写getlost）321spendtoomuchti meonbeaddictedto/bepreoccupiedwith/beobsessedwith（这三个词组的语气越来越强）322preparefor.pavethewayfor. ./

47、laythegroundworkfor. ./layas olidfoundationfor.（为打好基础）323breakthebalanceupsetthebalance324balanceAandBstrikeabalancebetweenAandB（在 A和 B 之间争 取一种平衡）325catchcapture326thinkof. .asregard. .as/view. .as/perceive. .as327Get rid ofEliminate/remove328getridofabolish （多用于政府类话题，废除）329make.higherdriveup （后面经常t

48、hecrimerate/unemploymentrate）330moreandmore+a dj.Increasingly+adj .但要注意如果后面不是adj. 而是noun，那么就可以用 anincreasingnumberof （跟可数名词） /anincreasingamountof （跟不可数名词）来代 替副词331mainlyprimarily/principally/chiefly332Intheolddays,.Traditionally,. ./Historically,.333now-currently334Actually,.-Technically,（严格来说它的意思并

49、不是“事 实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确 地说”非常帮的词语）335verysoonimmediately336notoftenatallrarely337completelyentirely338339blindlyindiscriminately （不加选择的）/mechanically（机械的）340only-merely （注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词的 时候才可以这样替换）341alittle/abitsomewhat （注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词 的时候才可以这样替换）342mainlyprimarily/principally/chiefly短语&句子343aboutregarding/concerning/withrespectto/withregard to344before.priorto.345afewahandfulof（请注意仅指少数时acoupleof容易 被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化）346Although. .,ther ealsituationis.Hypothetically,. ./Theoretically,. ./Intheory/Id eally,.Butinreality,. ./Butinactuality,.