Book1语法一时态与语态教程

1、Book1语法一时态与语态教程 典题自测： 1-5 BCCCD 6-10 CCCDD 11-15 ADACC1.I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. 年山东卷24 A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 【解析】选B。考察动词时态。根据题干局部didnt可知根底时态为一般过去时态；再根据句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部电影，而实际上这是部相当好的电影。故使用一般过去时态陈述过去的事实。2. 年山东卷27 Oh no! Were too late. The train

2、 _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving【解析】选C。如今完成时表示动作发生在过去，假设是非延续性动词，那么就强调对如今的影响。3. 新课标全国卷23 “Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, “because every step _. A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed【解析】选C。考察时态。句

3、意：祖母过去经常说：“人生就像在雪地里行走, 因为每一步都能显现出来。根据Life is like walking in the snow可知, 后半句应用一般如今时。所以选C。4. 新课标全国卷33I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. A. swim B. swumC. swam D. had swum【解析】选C。考察时态。句意：一下午我都在做数学题, 所以我眼前全是数字。根据句意和and前面的时态可知, swim这一动作发生在had been working

4、之后, 所以要用一般过去时。5. 湖南27“The moment _ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has comeC. was coming D. is coming【解析】选D。考察时态。句意：“这一刻就要来到了, 他自思自忖, 紧张地等待着。由句中的soon及选项可知此题考察进展时态表将来, 且谓语动词come用于直接引语中, 故用如今进展时表将来。D项为如今进展时, 符合题意。A项为一般过去时；B项为如今完成时；C项为过去进展时。6. 湖南33I remember you were a talent

5、ed pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _ the piano for years. A. dont play B. wasnt playingC. havent played D. hadnt played【解析】选C。考察时态。句意：我记得在大学的时候你是个才华横溢的钢琴家。你能给我弹奏一曲吗？抱歉, 我已经好多年没弹钢琴了。由情景可知, 不弹钢琴这个动作应该是由过去延续到如今, 符合如今完成时的用法, 故C项正确。A项为一般如今时；B项为过去进展时；D项为过去完成时。7. 江西26Look! Someb

6、ody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. A. is cleaning B. was cleaningC. has cleaned D. had cleaned【解析】选C。考察动词时态。句意：你瞧！有人擦了沙发。哦, 不是我, 我没擦。从答语来看, 是一般过去时态, 说明“沙发已经擦过了, 故用如今完成时表示影响和结果。A项表示“如今正在擦；B项表示“过去正在擦 ；C项表示“已经擦了 ；D项是过去完成时, 表示“过去的过去。8. 陕西24Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?

7、 Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? A. fly B. will flyC. will be flying D. am flying【解析】选C。考察时态。句意：今天下午两点钟我给你回 好吗？不好意思, 两点的时候我正在飞往北京的路上。五点钟怎么样？根据语境, 两人议论的是将来的事情。题干中关键词为by then, 故应用将来进展时态。9. 天津15We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wou

8、ldnt offerC. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered【解析】选D。考察时态和虚拟语气。句意：假设哈罗德不开车送我们回家, 我们昨天可以叫出租车。根据句意可知if引导的条件状语从句是对发生在过去的事实的一种假设, 所以要用虚拟语气, 即用过去完成时, 应选D。10. 四川9Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I _ a text message just now. A. had answered B. have answeredC. would answer D. was answering【解析】选D。考察动词时态。句意: 你明

9、白我说的了吗? 对不起。我刚刚在回复短信。由句意可知, 此处强调过去某个时刻正在做某事, 所以应用过去进展时。11. 四川11They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _. A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuiltC. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【解析】选A。考察动词时态和语态。句意：他们如今和他们的父母住在一起, 因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知, 此处强调如今正在发生的动作, 故应用如今进展时, 且rebuild与h

10、ouse之间为动宾关系, 所以应用如今进展时的被动式。12. 安徽35After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _. A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析】选D。考察动词时态和语态。句意：放学后我们去阅览室读书, 结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词went可知, 动作发生在过去, 而装修正在进展, 故需要使用过去进展时；it指代the

11、reading-room, 与动词decorate是动宾关系, 故需要使用被动语态, 所以应该使用过去进展时的被动语态, 应选D项。13. 湖南22Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaid B. was being repaidC. has been repaid D. was repaid【解析】选A。考察时态和语态。句意：不要担忧。你如今做的艰辛的工作会在以后的生活中得到回报。由句意可知应用一般将来时, 且艰辛的工作应该是被回报, 故用动词的一般将来时的被动语态。A项为一般将来时

12、的被动语态, 符合题意。B项为过去进展时的被动语态；C项为如今完成时的被动语态；D项为一般过去时的被动语态。14. 江苏34The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _. A. has started B. startsC. started D. will start【解析】选C。考察时态。句意：总统希望当他卸任时人们可以比他上任时更为富有。when引导的时间状语从句中用一般如今时代替将来时, 首先排除D项。根据句意, 总统上任(start)发生在卸任(quit)之前, 应

13、用一般过去时, 因此答案为C。15. 湖南25Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seenC. will see D. are seeing【解析】选C。考察时态。句意：关上通往恐惧的门之后, 你会很快地看到信心的大门在你面前敞开。固定句式：do sth. and you will. . . “做某事, 你就会。C项为一般将来时, 符合题意。A项为一般过去时；B项为如今完成时； D项为如今进展时。 课堂互动探究一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行

14、时态现在过去had + been writing将来shall/will + have been writing过去将来should/would + be writingshould/would+ have writtenshould/would +have been writing各个时态的构成法归纳如下:以write为例writewriteswroteshall/will +writeshould/would +writeam/is/ are +writingwas/were +writingshall/will+ be writinghave/has +writtenhad + writ

15、tenshall/will +have writtenhave/has + been writing1.一般如今时(do/does)1).表现存的状态、情况He majors in Maths. 2). 经常性,反复性或习惯性动作等。常与every day, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually, frequently,sometimes, occasionally等连用。 She goes to school at six every day3).真理，客观事实，格言或警句。Columbus proved that the earth is

16、round.Shanghai lies in the east of China.4). 在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引导的时间，条件状语从句中，用一般如今时代替一般将来时。When I grow up I shall be a soldier.5). 用在由here, there等开首的句子中。 表正在发生的动作或存在的状态，用一般如今时代替进展时 There goes the bell.6).表示主语的习惯特征，性格，才能等. He studies very hard.7).议论时刻表和日程安排： I leave for Beijing n

17、ext Monday. 2.一般过去时did)1表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。(last month/year; two days ago; just now; at that time; the other day, in 1982 yesterday-) She went out just now. I saw him yesterday.2表过去经常性、习惯性或反复发生的动作。可与时状often连用,或used to, would连用 Last month she worked eleven hours every day. He used to ge

18、t up early. 3) 句型： It is time that sb. did sth. 到了该做某事的时间了 早该了 Its time that you went to bed.4)没有明确表示过去的时间状语，需要根据语境去判断时间。 Edward，you play so well.But I didnt know you played the piano.5)当含有由before, after, as soon as等引导的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的顺序，故主句和从句一般都用一般过去时I went home after I finished my work. 3.一

19、般将来时(will/shall+do) 1).表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 I shall not be free tonight.2)表示将来动作的其他形式. be going to+ 动词原形(一表 “意图， 即打算在将来做某事；二是表示“预见，即如今已有迹象说明将要发生某种情况 I am going to buy a new car.Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.be to+动词原形(表正式安排或注定要发生 可用于if 条件句表示打算、想要。 I am to have tea with Betty this

20、 afternoon. If you are to succeed, youd better work hard. be about to+动词原形表最近的将来，意思是“马上，立即，常与when连用I am about to go to bed when someone knocks at the door.(4) “ 表示按方案、安排即将发生的动作，如：go, come, leave, begin, start, get, reach, arrive, return, meet, etc. Were moving to a different hotel the day after tomo

21、rrow. (5)既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般如今时表示将来的动作。 The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m. The new school year begins on September 1.4.过去将来时(would do)1)表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 (常用于宾从中) I didnt expect that so many people would offer their help.2)也可用was/were to+动词原形或was/were about to+动词原形或was/were going to+动

22、词原形表示过去将来时。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang.5、如今进展时(am/is are doing)1). 表此时此刻正在进展的动作,常与now, at the moment, for the time being, for the present等时间状语连用.We are waiting for the bus.2). 习惯进展：表近段时间长期的或重复性的动作.(说话时不一定正在进展。Mr. Green is writing another novel.说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。3).与always,usually,of

23、ten,constantly continually等频度词连用，表经常或反复发生的动作。往往带有说话人的主观色彩。表批评或赞扬等。You are always changing your mindYou are constantly finding fault with me.4表示渐变，这样的词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等 Its getting warmer and warmer.6:过去进展时(was/were doing)1表过去某一时刻正在进展的动作。常与表过去的时状连用。(at that time, at the momen

24、t, this time, yesterday, this morning, the whole morning, when, while.)What were you doing at ten oclock last night?He was watching TV when I came in.2)表过去某一阶段内正在进展的动作或持续的状态。(说话时不一定在进展We were having a discussion from 7 to 9 last night.也可和频度副词连用，表过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，表说话人批评或赞扬。 (always, frequently, often,

25、forever , continually.)He was always playing tricks on her uncle. 7: 将来进展时 (will / shall be doing)表将来某时刻或某一阶段正在进展的动作或状态。或预测将要发生的事常用时状有：soon, by this time, in two days, tomorrow, on Sunday, this evening, tomorrow eveningI will be having a meeting from 2：30 to 5：30 tomorrow afternoon.Daniels family wi

26、ll be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(摘自安徽高考)8.如今完成时 (have/has done)1)表示过去做的动作对如今造成的结果或影响常与already, yet，just, ever, never等副词连用 We have just finished the work2)表示过去某时开场的动作一直延续到如今并且可能会延续下去.常用的时间状语有(so far; up to now; lately;recently; during /in the last/past few years; this we

27、ek; for a long time, since,since then, these days, for +时间段, all day)He has worked in the company since he came to the city.3)用在某些句型中:It/This is+the first/last/only/adj 最高级+名词+that+如今完成时Eg: This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.(摘自陕西高考)这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。It is/h

28、as been +一段时间+since+过去式9.过去完成时(had done) 1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作即“过去的过去。 By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.2)表示在过去某一时间开场一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 2002.3表示过去没有实现的愿望，打算或方案。动词有hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，也表示“绝望或可惜We h

29、ad hoped to catch the first train but she was too late.=hoped to have caught4)常用句型This/It was the first time that + 过完This was the first time that I had heard such things.It was +一段时间+since+过完It was five years since I had left middle school. No soonerthan Hardlywhen 一就 Scarcelywhen as soon asHe had

30、hardly got on the train when the train started out.注意：by the end of+过去时间；by the time+句子(过去时) at the time of +过去事件;其主句用过去完成时10.将来完成时(will have done)表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续常和by或by the time等连用 By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons. 11. 如今完成进展时 (have / has been doing) 1表从过去某

31、一时刻开场的动作一直 持续到如今，并且可能还将持续下去。2表示从过去某一时刻到如今，某个动作一直都在进展。We have been learning English for more than five years.12.过去完成进展时(had been doing)表示过去某时以前一直进展的一个动作这一动作可能在这一时间前刚完毕或仍在进展. No one knew what this bad egg had been doing all this years.【随堂自我测评】一、1.were walking；didnt notice3.will have come5.arent二. 1-5

32、BBDBB 6-10 BDAAB二、by the time he gets home是用一般如今时表将来，主句用将来完成时。2B一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，与如今没关系。句意为：如今是个记者，但在高中工作过几年。3Dbefore作副词用时通常与如今完成时态连用。4B一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，与如今没关系，“忘记只是发生在过去如今已经想起(没关水管)来了。5B此题考察时态。句意为：我正要去修剪玫瑰花丛，但有人已经修剪了，是你吗？由题意可知用过去完成时。6Bspeak发生在became之前，故应该用过去完成时。7D当went to get a book这个动作发生时另外一个动作write正在

33、发生，第一空应该用过去进展时；leave发生在went之前，故第二空用过去完成时。8AI have no idea暗示试卷应该在批阅之中，还没有结果。9Acause发生在swept之后，又因强调对如今造成的影响，故用如今完成时。10Bbe to do表将来，五年前没有人能想像他(将来)在文学界的作用。【课后智能提升】 1-5 CACBC 6-10 CAADA11-15 CCCBD 16-20 ABDBB1.【解析】选C。考察动词时态。句意：很抱歉，经理如今还不在。噢，假设我一个小时后再打 ，你认为他会到吗？根据句子语境可知，经理如今没到，在条件句中，过一小时打 ，是指将来的动作，故主句也要用将

34、来时，故C项正确。2.【解析】选A。考察时态。前句句意：打搅了，我想知道你能不能帮助我。我的身份证不见了。一般过去时和如今完成时均可表示事情已经发生，但一般过去时强调动作本身，而如今完成时强调该动作的结果或影响。根据句意选A。3.【解析】选C。考察时态。句意：我难以相信你会因为超速行驶被罚款。我本以为你是一个慎重的司机。由句意可知“认为这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，thought 表示“本以为。4.【解析】选B。考察时态。根据前句中的this afternoon可知是将来的时间，语意表示在下午三点半这个时刻琼将正在看?哈利波特与魔法石?，所以用将来进展时。5.【解析】选C。考察时态。句意

35、：北京的交通状况几十年来一直在恶化。起初，人们只是抱怨交通顶峰期的堵塞，但是如今每时每刻都是顶峰期。如今完成进展时表示这种状态从过去一直持续到如今，而且还可能持续下去。6.【解析】选C。考察动词时态。句意：克里斯汀如今是一家公司的经理，但是她曾在北京的一所中学当过3年的教师。此题是就克里斯汀如今和过去所从事工作的不同，前句为一般如今时，而第二句描绘的是过去的情况，用一般过去时。应选C。7.【解析】选A。考察动词时态。句意：你刚刚看到一个穿黑衣服的男子从旁边经过吗？没有，先生。我刚刚在看报纸。由题干中第一个句子可知，此题的语境为过去时间背景，而第二句为“刚刚我在看报纸，故要用过去进展时。8.【解析】选A。考察时态。句意：迈克的父亲希望迈克再也不去参加宴会了，因为他经常喝醉。根据句意，可知此处应该用一般将来时，应选A。B、C