上海市市八中2022-2023学年高考英语二模试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷考生须知：1全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。2请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。3保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1What has made him in such high spirits recently?_ by his teacher for succeeding passing the exam.ABeing prais

2、ed BPraisedCHaving praised DTo praise2The desks in our classroom are so close together that there is not enough room to move themAbetweenBinCacrossDover3In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.AmarkingBmarkedChaving markedDb

3、eing marked4Just as the famous man _it, “Anything one man can imagine, other men can make_real.”Asays, itBput, /Csays, /Dput, them5The Japanese people keep up cheerful spirits _ the world that they can get over the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami（海啸）.Abeing convincedBconvincedCto convinceDhavi

4、ng convinced6The suggestion came from the chairman _ the new rule _.Awhat; was developedBthat; was developedCwhat; be developedDthat; be developed7 May I go out to play basketball, Mum?_ Do what you like.AGo ahead!BYouve got it.CIts your turn.DNot at all!8 Can I lie about seeing a text because I was

5、 too busy or lazy to respond to it? Receiving a text does not necessarily mean you have to respondWhy waste a perfectly good lie _ the truth will serve?AunlessBuntilCwhenDwhile9Enter our prize _and win a break in a National Trust holiday cottage of your choice anywhere in the country.AdrawBsearchCma

6、tchDcollection10Throughout history, China never colonized any nation. _ this peaceful tradition, it is committed to building a community with a shared future for mankind.AIn line with BIn regard toCIn harmony with DIn addition to11Within even the weakest of human bodies lies a life that is precious

7、indeed _ needs to be respected and honored.Asomething thatBoneCone thatDsomething12Never before _ the famous museum was just a stones thro away from their school, so out _.Ahad they known; went all they Bthey had known; went all theyChad they known; they all went Dthey had known; they all went13This

8、 car is important to our family. We would repair it at our expense _ it break down within the first year.AcouldBwouldCmightDshould14A firm from New Zealand has revealed a set of robotic legs which they claim will soon allow _ wheelchair-bound people to walk again.AextremelyBpreviouslyCactuallyDevent

9、ually15What is your impression of your former colleague Nick?Hes helpful, and he _ give us a hand at work.AmustBwouldCmayDshould16I think it a great honor _ to visit your country.Ato inviteBinvitingChaving invitedDto be invited17As is known, only hard leads to happiness.Awork BworksCworked Dworking1

10、8Mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing _ it can pursue politics, science, art and religion.AuntilBunlessCbeforeDsince19I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown.AthatBwhichCwhoDwhen20The emoticons _ when we want to stop a convers

11、ation, sparing us the embarrassment.Acome around Bcome in handyCcome about Dcome by第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）The Domestication （驯化）of CatsFor centuries, the common view of how domestication had occurred was that prehistoric people, realizing how useful it would be to hav

12、e animals kept for food, began catching wild animals and breeding （繁殖）them. Over time, by allowing only animals with “tame”（驯养）characteristics to produce their babies, human beings created animals that were less wild and more dependent upon people. Eventually this process led to the domestic farm an

13、imals and pets that we know today, having lost their ancient survival skills and natural abilities.Recent research suggests that this view of domestication is incomplete. Prehistoric human beings did catch and breed useful wild animals, but specialists in animal behavior now think that domestication

14、 was not simply something people did to animalsthe animals played an active part in the process. Wolves and wild horses, for example, may have taken the first steps in their own domestication by hanging around human settlements, feeding on peoples crops and getting used to human activity. The animal

15、s which were not too nervous or fearful to live near people produced their babies that also tolerated humans, making it easier for people to catch and breed them.In this version, people succeededin domesticating only animals that had already adapted easily to life around humans. Domestication requir

16、ed an animal that was willing to become domestic. The process was more like a dance with partners than a victory of humans over animals.At first glance, the laming of cats seems to fit nicely into this new story of domestication. A traditional theory says that after prehistoric people in Egypt inven

17、ted agriculture and started farming, rats and mice gathered to feast on their stored grain. Wildcats, in tum, gathered at the same places to hunt and eat the rats and mice. Over time, cats got used to people and people got used to cats. Some studies of wildcats, however, seem to call this theory int

18、o question. Wildcats dont share hunting and feeding areas, and they dont live close to people. Experts do not know whether wildcats were partners in their own domestication. They do know that long after people had acquired domestic dogs, sheep and horses, they somehow acquired domestic cats. Gradual

19、ly they produced animals with increasingly tame qualities.1、What is suggested in recent research?AAnimals were less afraid than thought.BAnimals had an active role in their domestication.CWolves and horses were the first to be domesticated.DDomestication meant something people did to animals.2、The w

20、ord “dance” is used in Paragraph 3 to show that ._Aanimals and humans were closeBcontrol over animals was easyCanimals were independent of humansDdomestication was like a game3、What probably attracted cats to human settlements?AOther cats. BWarmth.CHumans. DFood4、What causes a problem for the theory

21、 that cats were domesticated like wolves was?ACats were not friendly to people.BCats were not as fierce as wolves.CCats had the characteristic of independence.DCats showed cleverness when they were hunting.22（8分）Ever wondered whether punishment actually makes people cooperate (合作)? A team of scienti

22、sts created an experiment to figure it out and the results were pretty unexpected.To understand what they found, you have to know why these scientists were studying punishment. They were trying to figure out why people cooperate when its often so easy to profit at others expense. Why dont friends st

23、eal from each other? Why do parents bother to feed their children? If the answer to these questions is obvious to you, congratulations, you are ahead of scientists. Theyre still trying to figure it out.In this experiment, researchers had 225 Chinese students play a game, where if the students cooper

24、ated, theyd all get a number of points. But if one defected (变节) and everyone else cooperated, the defector would get a lot of points, and the cooperators would lose out. This game represents a lot of real life situations where you struggle with a decision: work together and do OK, or run off with t

25、he rewards, ruining everybody elses day.This is actually a pretty ordinary economic experiment. But the researchers added two changes to see if they could mimic(糢拟the real world better. Change one: some students played many rounds together, so theyd learn who they could trust. Change two: people cou

26、ld punish each other, sacrificing a point or two to destroy another players score.In the end, the researchers found that playing multiple rounds made people cooperate more, which definitely mimics human society. But the whole punishment thing led to a surprise: punishing didnt actually make people c

27、ooperate more. In fact, it made them cooperate less.So the scientists still dont know why people cooperate, though it looks like it has more to do with groups sticking together than it does with punishment.1、What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AWhy friends dont steal from each

28、 other.BWhy researchers are studying punishment.CWhy people always profit at others expense.DWhy people cooperate rather than take advantage of others.2、What happened to a defector in the experiment?AHe lost out. BHe benefited more.CHe got punished. DHe became the leader.3、What conclusion is drawn f

29、rom the experiment?APunishing helps people realize their mistakes.BCooperating is a win-win policy to all.CPunishment wont work as expected.DPeople who choose to cooperate are selfless.4、What might be the best title for the text?ADoes punishing people actually work?BWhy is punishment applied to coop

30、eration?CHow can punishment contribute to cooperation?DWhat is the best way to make punishment effective?23（8分）Amazon is breaking into physical retail in a new way. The online retail giant revealed a new kind of physical store concept in a video published on Monday.The store, called Amazon Go, doesn

31、t work like a typical Walmart or supermarket. Instead, its designed so that shoppers will use an app, also called Amazon Go, to automatically add the products that they plan to buy to a digital shopping cart by scanning a QR code(二维码). They can then walk out of the building without waiting in a chec

32、kout line because Amazon will charge their Amazon account and send them a receipt.The first Amazon Go store is located in Seattle, where Amazon is headquartered. For years, there have been rumors the e-commerce company would expand its dominance from digital to physical shopping. Amazon began experi

33、menting with physical bookstores a year ago, but Amazon Go may mark its boldest bet on physical ones yet. By removing much of the staff needed to operate a store, Amazon keeps costs lower than traditional competitors. Its also in a strong position to bring together data on its customers shopping hab

34、its online and offline to make better suggestions in all situations.However, Amazons move deeper into physical retail shops comes in a sensitive political climate. The company could be perceived as being a threat to some of the 3.4 million Americans who work as cashiers, according to the Bureau of L

35、abor Statistics. On the campaign trail, Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon and its founder Jeff Bezos for “getting away with murder tax-wise” and having “a huge antitrust(反垄断) problem.” Will the President& shy; elect add “job killer” to the list of criticisms?Amazons effort to launch a new ki

36、nd of retail store predates(在之前) the rise of Donald Trump. “Four years ago we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no lines and no checkout? Could we push the boundaries of computer vision and machine learning to create a store where customers could simply take what th

37、ey want and go?” The company says on an informational page about Amazon Go. For now, Amazon is starting slow. The Amazon Go is only open to Amazon employees in our Beta program, and is scheduled to open to the public in early 2017.1、In Amazon Go, people can _ .Abuy products by paying cashBbuy carts

38、without scanning a QR codeChave no bother to check out and queueDuse an app to wait in a checkout line2、What can we infer from the third paragraph?AAmazon has dominated the physical bookstores.BAmazon can contribute to reducing the cost of staff.CAmazon manages to take the place of physical shopping

39、.DAmazon can ignore each customers advice in all situations.3、The reason why Donald Trump repeatedly criticized Amazon Go is that Amazon Go _ .Awould result in a political crisisBwould threaten the career of cashiersCmay result in a huge antitrustDis No.1 job killer in the list of criticisms4、The ma

40、in purpose of writing the passage is _ .Ato introduce the Amazon Go storeBto explain how Amazon Go worksCto arouse peoples interest in AmazonDto indicate Trumps attitude to Amazon24（8分） As self-driving cars come closer to being common on American roads，much of the rhetoric（浮夸之词）promoting them has to

41、 do with safety. About 40，000 people die on US roads every year，and driver errors are linked to more than 20 percent of crashes. But many of the biggest supporters of autonomous（自动的）vehicles arent car companies looking to improve the safety of their existing products. Huge support for self-driving t

42、echnologies is coming from Silicon Valley great companies like Google and Apple. Those of us who have studied the relationship between technology and society tend to look more carefully at the reasons behind any technological push. In this case，its clear that in addition to solving safety concerns，S

43、ilicon Valley firms have a strong incentive（动机）to create a new place for increasing the use of their digital devices. Every minute people spend on their mobile phones provides dataand often moneyto tech companies.At present，digital devices and driving are in conflict:There are serious，often fatal co

44、nsequences when drivers use smartphones to talk or to text. Regulators（管理者）and safety supporters look to solve dial conflict by banning phone use while driving，as has happened in almost every state. But the tech companies are taking a different approach. The obvious answer for Silicon Valley is to c

45、reate an automobile in which continuous cellphone use no longer causes a threat to anyone. In recent years, the amount of time adults spend on their mobile devices has grown rapidly. At the moment, its around four hours a day for the average adult in the US. However, that rapid growth is likely to s

46、low down as people run out of time thats available for them up to use their devices, unless, of course, theres a new block of time that suddenly opens up. The average American now spends about 41 minutes in a car every day,a sizeable opportunity for increased cellphone use.So as the public conversat

47、ion around autonomous cars pays attention to the safety advantages, dont forget the tech industrys powerful desire for more profits, which goes well beyond simply saving us from ourselves.1、Who are responsible for most traffic accidents in America?ACar companies.BDrivers.CTech companies.DSelf-drivin

48、g cars.2、What pushes Silicon Valley to promote self-driving technologies?ATo make more money.BTo reduce traffic accidents.CTo limit the use of digital devices.DTo support car companies.3、What does the underlined phrase“a new block of time”possibly refer to？AThe working time.BPeoples spare time.CThe

49、time spent in the car.DThe time spent on mobile devices.4、What can we know from the passage？AWe should teach people to strictly obey traffic rules.BThe writer calls on us to look at autonomous cars wisely.CCar companies are the leading promoters of self-driving cars.DNo solution to the conflict betw

50、een mobile phone use and driving has been found yet.25（10分） Flowers make people happy. And while that might seem obvious, there hasnt been much research to prove the point until now.Some new studies by Rutgers University scientists support the idea strongly, and the experts go on to assume that flow

51、ers have flourished on this planet, with their beauty evolving in recent thousands of years, partly because humans are so attached to them.In a test, bunches of flowers were sent by florists to 113 men and women in a retirement community. All 113 got flowers and a notebook, but some got them earlier

52、 and received a second bunch when the others got theirs. By now you can guess the outcome. The more flowers, the more smiles.The results of the studies got the scientists to thinking about how the flower industry of today has evolved into growing things that serve no other purpose than emotional (情感

53、上的) satisfaction. Nature wont even pollinate (授粉) many of the domesticated flowers. Just among roses, there are so many types created by humans that, clearly, flowers arent what they used to be. But its likely our collective hand has played a role longer than you might think.Geneticist (遗传学家) Terry

54、McGuire suggests that natures prettier flowers got to survive and develop well because people didnt destroy them when they cleared for agriculture. Instead, they grew them and have been doing so for over 2,000 years. “Because theyre a source of pleasure, we take care of them. In that sense theyre li

55、ke dogs. They are the pets of the plant world.” McGuire says.Here is one way that might have worked:Many species of flowers that are now planted used to grow only when the ground was disturbed, McGuire explains. “As humans moved into agricultural settings, these flowers would have been weeds.” “Thes

56、e flowers might have been tolerated because of their beauty. The seeds would have been preserved and replanted. Over time, the best of these flowers might have been selected and the seeds more carefully preserved.”1、The underlined word “theirs” probably means _.AflowersBnotebooksCflowers and noteboo

57、ksDa second bunch of flowers2、Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?AWe keep dogs because they make us happy.BPeople grow flowers for thousands of years.CThe more flowers people get, the happier they are.DPeople left all the flowers alive when clearing land.3、According to Terry McGuire, one

58、possible way of flower evolution is _.a. the most beautiful flowers were chosenb. people replanted the seeds of the flowersc. flowers were wild plants at the beginningd. people protected the prettier flowers while clearing landAc, d, b, a,Bc, b, d, aCc, d, a, bDc, b, a, d4、What is the best title of

59、this passage?AMore Flowers, More SmilesBFlowers: Pets of Plant WorldCHumans Affection & Flowers EvolutionDHumans Love Towards Flowers第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）A couple of years ago, there were billboards about the achievements of Boston Athle

60、tic Association. Beside the photos were some 1 words, expressing the reasons for running. Each had different words, but one really 2 . It was simple: “Because I can.”As kids, many tales told us about the spirit of determination, of believing in ourselves. As 3 , we dont always have tales to teach us