(新课标)2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点五非谓语动词(含解析)

1、- -考点五 非谓语动词限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空 The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories(draw) from her childhood memories 答案： drawn 句意：凭借着她从她的童年记忆中获取的丰富多彩的故事，那个作家赢得了很多小孩子的心。分析句子，由于句子已经出现了谓语动词has won,故空格处只能用非谓语动词；由于stories 与 draw 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 (receive) your purchases in time,

2、 make sure the express company knowsyour address exactly 答案： To receive 句意：为了及时收到你购买的物品，要确保快递公司准确地知道你的地址。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。 (complete) his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dreamcompany答案： Having completed 句意：他完成海外学习之后，最后被他梦寐以求的公司雇用了。 he 和 complete 在逻辑上存在主谓关系， 且此处分词的动作明显先于谓语动词的动作发生，故用现在分

3、词的完成式作时间状语。 This course is of great interest to students, (hope) to improve theirwriting skills 答案： hoping 句意：学生对本课程有极大的兴趣，希望能提高他们的写作能力。此处是现在分词作目的状语。 The young lady, (make) several attempts to fix her cell phone, decidedto have another try 答案： having made 句意：这位年轻的女士试图修好她的手机，她已经尝试好几次了，决定再试一次。句中主语The

4、young lady 和动词make之间是主动关系，且该动作发生在主句谓语动词decided 之前，故用动词-ing 形式的完成式作状语。 Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment(need) to do online shopping 答案： needed 句意：目前，越来越多的中国家庭拥有在线购物所需的技术和设备。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填 needed 。 Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing, going to w

5、atch them(perform) live is quite another答案： being performed 句意：在家里的电视上看篮球比赛是一回事，去看现场比赛又是另外一回事。根据句意可知，“ peform”与其逻辑主语“ them”之间为动宾关系，由live“现场地”可知，应用现在分词的被动式being performed ，作宾语 them 的补足语。 Beijings new international airport (put) into operation in 2019 willserve 72 million passengers annually 答案： to be

6、 put 句意：将于 2019 年投入运营的北京新国际机场每年将为 7,200 万乘客提供服务。此处表示将来，所以用动词不定式作后置定语； airport 和 put into operation 之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。 (know) b asicfirst-aid techniques will help you respond quickly toemergencies 答案： Knowing 句意：了解基本的急救技能将有助于你快速地对紧急情况作出反应。分析句子成分可知，谓语是will help ，所以 will 前面的部分是主语，用动名词作主语，表示一般性的事实。 (m

7、ake) naturally by the skin when exposed to sunlight, vitamin D TOC o 1-5 h z is needed for healthy bones, teeth and muscles答案： Made 句意：当暴露在阳光下的时候，维生素D 自然就在皮肤中形成了，它是健康的骨头、牙齿和肌肉所需要的。vitamin D 和make之间是被动关系，故填 Made Dreamof the Red Chamberis believed to be semi-autobiographical, (mirror) the fortunes of

8、Caos own family答案： mirroring 句意： 红楼梦被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。Dream of the Red Chambe r和“mirror ”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填 mirroring 。 Anyone with an eye on the employment situation knew the assessment about economic recovery (be) just around the corner was correct答案： being 句意： 任何关注就业形势的人都知道， 有关经济即将复苏

9、的评估是正确的。本句中含有一个宾语从句，即 knew 后面的部分，从句中，应用动名词的复合结构作主语，recovery 和 be 之间存在主谓关系，故填 being 。 The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crimewithout (punish) It needs to be fixed 答案： being punished 句意：现行制度的问题是允许任何人犯下类似的罪行而不受惩罚，因此需要对其进行修改。介词后面跟动名词作宾语，另外“anyone”和“ punish ”之间存在被动关系，故

10、填 being punished 。 The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for Chinas development in thenext three decades and more (turn) this blueprint into reality, we mustbe down-to-earth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes 答案： To turn 句意：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会为中国

11、未来三十年甚至更长的时间的发展制定了蓝图。要把这一蓝图变为现实，我们必须脚踏实地，稳步前进，取得坚实的成果。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。 The young man, (catch) in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hourlater than usual 答案： caught 句意： 这个年轻人， 在路上堵车了， 比往常到家晚了一个小时。 be caught in “陷入”，作状语时省掉be 动词，此处为过去分词短语表原因。 The educational reform is now under way throughout the coun

12、try, TOC o 1-5 h z (grant) the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential答案： granting 句意：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。“the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential”作状语，逻辑主语和 grant 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作结果状语。 It is not necessary (bargain) on this small amoun

13、t答案： to bargain 句意：没有必要为这么少的数额讨价还价。句中 it 作形式主语，空格处应用不定式作真正的主语，构成“ Its adj to do sth ”结构。 It is a waste of time (persuade) such a person to join us答案： persuading 句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 It is a waste of time doing sth “做某事是浪费时间”。 (dress) in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident答案： Dressed

14、句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。 be dressed in “穿着”，表示状态，本句中，过去分词短语“ dressed in ”作状语。 With all my jobs (do), I will go out for a picnic答案： done 句意：所有的工作完成了，我将出去野餐。此处为 with 复合结构，本句中宾语 my jobs 和 do 之间存在被动关系，故填过去分词 done 表被动和完成。 Id like to see the plan (carry) out答案： carried 句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。 plan 与 carry out 之间存在被

15、动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver (be) the best of all 答案： being 句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语 silver ，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。 silver 和 be 之间存在主动关系，故填 being 。 Greatly (encourage), agricultural researchers began to study thisparticular type

16、 of plant 答案： encouraged 句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。agricultural researchers 与 encourage 之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。 TOC o 1-5 h z She was the first woman (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games答案： to win 句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。 My friends are made (laugh) by my little girl

17、答案： to laugh 句意：我的朋友们被我的小女儿逗笑了。使役动词 (make, have, let)用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式符号 to 不能省略。二、单句改错 Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as listing below答案：listing flisted 句意：我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。此处表示“被列出”，所以用过去分词。 Warned of danger in the street at night, the girl doesnt dare to go out without some

18、one accompanied her 答案：accompaniedfaccompanying句意：她被警告晚上街上有危险，因而没有人陪同，这个女孩不敢出去。someone与“accompany之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。 Offered people food, housing and jobs is what a government should first consider after a natural disaster happens 答案：Ofered -Offering 句意：在自然灾害发生后，给人们提供食物、住所和工作是 政府应该首先考虑到的。从结构判断此处缺少主语，应该用

19、动名词形式。 After class, the teacher couldnt leave, surrounding by the students答案：surrounding fsurrounded 句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。the teacher 与动词 surround 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作状语。 As is known, only work hard leads to happiness答案：workfworking句意：众所周知，只有努力工作才能获得幸福。分析句子可知，此处作主语，表示一般性事实，故用 v -ing 形式。 Not received

20、regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first 答案： Not 后加 having 句意：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。逻辑主语 she 与 receive 之间是主谓关系，用 v -ing 形式。且 receive 发生在主句谓语动词之前，故用 having received, not 放在非谓语动词前。 Seating at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes答案：SeatingfSeated

21、句意：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，这个女孩长着两只大眼睛。本句是一个倒装句， seated 为过去分词转化来的形容词作表语。 Circumstances permit, he would not have cancelled the trip he had been longing for 答案：permit fpermitting 句意：如果情况允许的话，他就不会取消他一直渴望的旅 行了。这里用“名词现在分词”构成独立主格结构，相当于If circumstances permit The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table

22、 already laying for a meal to be cooked 答案：laying flaidwith复合结构的构成是“with +宾语+宾语补足语”，由于 lay与 table 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。 In order to make herself be noticed, she put on a red hat答案：去掉be 句意：为了让自己被注意到，她戴了一顶红色的帽子。 make sb done“使某人被”。 The examinee who is caught cheated in the College Entrance Examination

23、will get zero in this subject 答案：cheatedfcheating句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是 catch sb doing 结构的被动形式，所以应把cheated 改为 cheating 。 When Mrs Clarke was making tea, she heard the sound of the door be pushedopen答案：befbeing句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到门正在被推开的声音。hear sth . being done听见某事正在被做，听见某物正在被”。 Imagine getti

24、ng better grades after improve your study habits答案：improvefimproving 介词 after 后应用动名词形式 improving 作宾语。 He came in suddenly without permitted 答案： permitted 前加 being 句意： 没有经过允许， 他就突然进来了。 主语 he 和 permit之间存在被动关系，且 without 后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式being permitted 。 Comparing with Jims house, mine is big答案：Compar

25、ingfComparedmine (my house) 与 compare 之间存在被动关系，因止匕用过去分词 compared 作状语。非谓语动词 ( 一)、非谓语动词的各种形式- -非谓语动词形式不定式，般式，do, to be done进行式 i to he doing完成式：to have done to hsvc been dcTic： not/never to dof|4： doing/bcing donev, -ing形式竞成式：having done/having been done否定式：no t do ingm形式1行定式：not doneHe is said to_be_

26、studying abroad nowHe is said to_have studied abroad for 3 yearsThe students went out of the classroom, laughing_and talking .Having-finished my homework, I went to bed二、非谓语动词作主语.不定式作主语：往往表示一次性的、具体的动作，常用 it作形式主语，而把不定式 后置。.动名词作主语：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型。It is a great honor to be invited

27、to speak here.Playing the_piano is my hobby.注意：it作形式主语代替动名词，常出现在It is no use/good doing . . , It is usefuldoing . , It is a waste of time doing. 等句型里。三、非谓语动词作宾语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词 宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。.只跟不定式作宾语的动词（短语）afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, pl

28、an, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。I cant afford to take_a holiday this summer because of the project.He determined toreturn home early.只跟动名词作宾语的动词（短语）advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid,

29、practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about等。It was fortunate that Jack narrowlyescaped_being killedin a trafficaccident .Do you feel like going out for a walk?.跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend等动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指

30、一般或习惯性行为。She started playing/to play the violin when she was four.跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词在主语表示物的句子中，且作“需要”讲时， need, want, require 后接v. -ing形式 和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v. -ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。Your T-shirtneeds washing/to be_washed .My bicycle wants repairing/to be repaired.跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词to do 尽力做 try

31、doing 尝试做to do 打算做 meandoing 意味着做to do 忘记/记得去做 forget/rememberdoing忘记/记得做过某事未做某事已做to do regretdoingto do go ondoingto do stopdoingcant help遗憾要做后悔做过继续做继续做停下来去做停止做todoing另外一件事 同一件事另一件事停下正在做的事do不能帮忙做忍不住要做- -限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空(2018 全国卷 I )You dont have to run fast or for long _(see) thebenefit 答案： to see

32、句意：为了证实跑步的好处，你不必跑得太快或者太久。用不定式作目 的状语。(2018 全国卷 I )You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running 答案： dying 作介词 of 的宾语，使用动名词，故填dying 。(2019 福建百所重点学校高三联考) (use) a different mentalapproach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with comple

33、x problems 答案： Using 根据空格和整个句子的结构可知，此处缺少主语，故使用动名词 using 和 后面的 a different mental approach 一起作主语，表示一种概念、习惯和经验。(2018 天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take) 答案：taken have sth . done 让被做，photograph 与take之间为被动关系，故用 taken 。(2018 全国卷出)I quickly lower myself, ducking myhead t

34、o avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge)答案： looking; challenged avoid 后接动名词作宾语， avoid doing sth 意为“避免做某事”。 feel 为系动词，后接形容词，此处表“被挑战的”，修饰人，故用 challenged 。(2018 全国卷出)He was just saying : Im king of this forest, and here isyour reminder ！” Once his message was delivered, he al

35、lowed me (stay) andwatch 答案： to stay 此处 allow sb to do sth 是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay 。(2018 浙江高考)I still remember(visit) a friend whod lived herefor five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time 答案： visiting 此处作 remember 的宾语，由句意可知，后面应该使用 visiting 。. (2018 浙江高

36、考 )While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost答案： have become 此处 seem to 后面跟动词原形，但是从后面的“ in recent years ”可知填不定式的完成式，故填 have become 。(2018 北京高考)(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience 答案： Travel

37、(l)ing 句意：沿着丝绸之路旅游是一个有趣又有回报的经历。分析句子的结构，句子中缺少主语，故填 Travel(l)ing 。(2018 北京高考)Duringthe Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gathertogether (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes答案： to share 句意：在中秋节期间，家人们经常聚集在一起来吃饭、赏月和吃月饼。句子的谓语是gather ，空格处用不定式作目的状语。. (2018 北京高考)Ordinary soap,(use) co

38、rrectly, can deal withbacteria effectively 答案： used 句意：普通肥皂，如果正确地使用，能够有效地对付细菌。空格处的动词use 与前面的 soap 构成动宾关系，指肥皂被使用，故填 used 。 TOC o 1-5 h z . (2019 长春实验中学期末)Dont get (depress) by a big, long-term goal see what steps you can take to achieve it答案： depressed 句意： 不要对宏伟长期的目标感到压抑看看你能采取什么措施实现这个目标。根据前面的 get 可知，

39、此处是“ get 过去分词”的结构，故使用 depressed 。(2018 天津高考)I didnt mean(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try) it答案： to eat; trying 句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但是这冰激凌看起来如此好以至于我忍不住吃了它。固定短语 mean to do “打算做”， couldnt help doing “忍不住做”。. (2018 江苏高考)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the peri

40、od,(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts答案： exceeding 句意：在这期间，新增就业岗位约 13,500 个，超过市场分析师认为的预期数量12,000 。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来的自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填 exceeding 。. （2017 北京高考 ）The national park has a large collection of wildlife,（range） from butterflies to elephants答案： ranging 句意：国家

41、公园里有一大批的野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据语境可知，此处用现在分词形式作定语，表示“包括（从到）之间的各类事物”。（2017 江苏高考）Many Chinese brands,（develop） their reputationsover centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market答案： having developed 句意：很多中国的品牌，历经几个世纪树立了良好声誉，正在面临来自现代市场的新挑战。 develop 的逻辑主语是Many Chinese brands ，两者之间为主动关系，同时后面有时间状语 o

42、ver centuries ，因此用现在分词的完成式，即 having done的形式。（2017 天津高考 ）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,（allow） more patients to be treated答案： allowing 句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。 allow 与其逻辑主语 medical equipment 之间是主动关系，所以要用 v -ing 形式作结 果状语。（2017 北京高考）Jane movedaimlessly downthe tree-l

43、ined street, not（know） where she was heading 答案： knowing 句意：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道要去哪里。逻辑主语 Jane 与 know 之间是主动关系， 且 know 表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，因此用现在分词knowing ，表伴随。（2016 全国卷 I ）My ambassadorial duties will include（introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research cen

44、trein the misty mountains of Bifengxia答案： introducing 动词 include 后缺宾语，需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。（2016 全国卷 n ）If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely （bring） your work home答案： to bring 句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。 be likely to do sth “可能做某事”。. （2018 湖南三校联考）For

45、mer Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said（donate） nearly 40 million yuan of all of his books royalty （版税 ） income over thepast two years 答案： to have donated 由时间状语over the past two years 可知，此处应用不定式的完成式。 Sb be said to have done sth “据说某人已经做过某事”。（2018 江西九江十校联考）But conservationists say that （make） ivoryleg

46、al to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting答案： making 句意：但 （ 自然环境 ）保护主义者说使象牙出售合法化会导致甚至更多的非法捕猎。设空处作宾语从句的主语，表达的内容并非指某一次的具体行为，故用动名词形式作主语。因此填 making 。. （2018 河南重点高中质检）I felt hopeless and lonely, and more（depress） than I knew was possible 答案： depressed 句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt 的表语，故填 depresse

47、d 。（2019 牡丹江一中高三摸底） （face） with a difficult situation, Amolddecided to ask his boss for advice答案：Faced be faced with ”面对着 ;本句中应使用短语faced with . 对句子主语 Amold 的情况进行说明，且在句中作原因状语。句意：面对着艰难的形势， Amold 决 定向老板征询建议。（2018 -江西红色七校一联）It is（shock） that some investment bankseven judge candidates by whether they wea

48、r brown shoes答案： shocking 句意：令人震惊的是：一些投资银行甚至根据申请者是否穿棕色鞋子来对他们作出评判。 shocking “令人震惊的”； shocked “感到震惊的”。这两者都是分词化的形容词， v -ing 多修饰物； v -ed 多修饰人。二、单句改错（2019 昆明市高三摸底 ）Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night avoid human beings, a new study finds答案： avoid 前加 to 句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持

49、清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故avoid 前加 to 。（2019 -惠州高三第一次调研）After purchase seedlings, we chose a place wherethe seedlings could get proper water and sunshine答案：purchasefpurchasing介tafter 后应跟动词-ing 形式作宾语。（2018 北京高考）In my first P . E. class, the teacher required us run laps and then hit a softball 答案： run 前

50、加 to 根据 require sb to do sth “要求某人做某事”可知，此处使用不定式作宾语补足语。（2018 江苏高考 ）With a new farm bill debating in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers 答案：debating fto be debated分析句子的结构，此处为with +名词+不定式”的复合结构。分析句意，指法案将在国会进行辩论， bill 与 debate 之间存在着被动关系，故用 不定式的被动式。（2018 浙江高考 ）Move into a new home i

51、n a new neighborhood is an exciting experience 答案：Move Moving 根据句子的结构，此处 Moveinto a new home in a new neighborhood 部分作主语，而动词短语不能直接作主语，故将 Move改为Moving。（2018 全国卷出）Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud 答案：waitfwaiting 主语Everyone与wait之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作

52、状语， 因此将 wait 改成 waiting 。（2018 全国卷n ）When being combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat _ ” “ ice cream ”答案：去掉being 因为逻辑主语 frozen bananas 与 combine 之间是被动关系，故状语从句省略后用过去分词combined; combine 在句中逻辑主语与其并非主动关系，且无动作正在

53、进行之意， 所以省略句中不用现在分词， 更无需其现在分词的被动式。 故可知应删去being 。（201 6 北京高考 ）Ordering over a week ago, the books are expected to arriveany time now 答案：Ordering fOrdered句意：一周前订的书，现在这些书有望随时到达。order与主语 books 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用过去分词 ordered 作状语。（2016 全国卷 n ）We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.答案：takeftaki

54、ng 句意：我们可以选择待在家里或是去旅行。between . and . 连接两个并列成分，前面是 staying at home,所以后面用 taking a trip 。（2018 江西重点中学联考）Because we had not eaten ice cream for a long time,we got very exciting 答案：exciting -excited 句意：因为很长时间没有吃过冰激凌了，所以我们都非常激 动。 exciting “令人激动的”，修饰物； excited “感到激动的”，修饰人。（2017 江苏高考）Work with the medical

55、 team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor 答案：WorCWorking句意：在非洲与医疗队一起工作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。因为在句中作主语，因此需用 work 的动名词形式working 。. （2018 河南中原名校质检）Locating in North America, Canada is the secondlargest country with the largest number of lakes in the world答案：Locating fLocated句意：加拿大位于北美洲，它是世界第二大国家，境内湖泊数量世界第一。此处非谓语动词作状语。 be located in “位于”，在本句中，应用过去分 词短语作状语。（2019 桂林十八中高三月考）With nothing leaving to burn, the fire became weakand fin