【笔译】lecture10谓语选择

1、After-class practice for last lecture不同的人对退休持不同的态度。有些人认为退休后可享受晚年的生活。但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找事干来发挥自己的余热，以继续得到收入。另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放松拉紧的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级忧虑。就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画画图、种种花、周游各地。After-class practice for last lectureAttitudes tow

2、ards retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies a

3、nd alternative sources of income that employment can provide. After-class practice for last lectureOthers have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strain

4、s relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. Lecture 10Determining Predicate of a Sentence谓语的确定汉英主谓结构的差别 汉语的分析型(analytic)语言V

5、S.英语的综合型(synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的单一谓语成分汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓语的多被动式分析型语言VS综合型语言汉语分析型语言典型特征：无词尾屈折变化 (inflection)词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性的词缀英语综合型语言有丰富的屈折变化形式： tabletablesrunranrun the boysShe sings beautifully.汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性(overtness)谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性她的未婚夫都60了。我想吃麦当劳。快餐食品并不健康！三星的手机外观很漂亮。历史是人民创造的。

6、他就会持枪劫车杀人越货。谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性Her fianc is already 60 years old.He wants to eat at the Macdonalds.Fast food is not wholesome, after all.Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful.History is made by the people.He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles and looting the goods by killing the drivers with hi

7、s gun.谓语的多主动式VS多被动式问题解决了。大家都觉得这样做不妥。必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。明天下午两点开教学研究会，全体教师务必参加。谓语的多主动式VS多被动式The problem has been solved. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. Measures have to be taken to control the water pollution. There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2：00 p. m. tomorrowAll the facu

8、lty is expected to attend 确定谓语的原则谓语要和主语保持人称、数的一致；谓语要明示汉语隐含的时态、情态和语气；原文若为有形式标志的被动式，译文宜用被动式作谓语；原文若为无形式标志的被动式，译文亦选择被动式作谓语；若不知原文谓语动作的发出者是谁，或者原文的主语为 “人们”、“大家”等，或者句中含有 “据传”、“据悉”等字眼，译文的谓语常用以 “it” 为形式主语的被动句式；谓语要符合英语表达习惯和语体特征。谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当主谓一致+时态+语气改革和开放也使民族精神获得了新的解放。Reforms and the open-up

9、policy have also further emancipated the minds of the people.他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。He had a face that once you saw is never forgotten. （三中全会的政策）谁想变也变不了。No one could change this even if he wanted to. 她的独子让车给轧了。Her only son was run over by a car.语态茶会上只供应茶和蛋糕。Only tea and cake were served at th

10、e tea party. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。Some things were said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. 众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 书到后应立即付款。 You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered请您为大家表演一个节目。You are requested

11、to give us a performance. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。You have made great progress in teaching and research but you should guard against complacency 汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课，还招收学习汉语的外国留学生。The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese and Chinese Literature for Chinese students but courses for int

12、ernational students of Chinese. 本书精选中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故事。The book consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当抓紧施肥取得成就 把中国建设成为犯个人主义的错误 我们有过这样的经验热烈祝贺亚运会争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收 pay close attention to or attend to the task of manuringhave / rec

13、ord achievementsturn or transform China into. . make mistakes of succumbing to individualism It was our experience that. . . Hail / Greet the Asian GamesFor better (athletic) records and sportsmanship . 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当（日本派大批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文化。）自然，他们也学会了中国的饮茶。Accordingly, they became accustomed to the C

14、hinese tea-drinking. 到去麦当劳去吃什么? 有人总结说：吃时髦，吃清洁，吃快捷，吃氛围，吃气派，吃档次，吃高雅。闹了半天，还没有涉及“吃饱肚子”。For what do we go to the McDonalds? Summarized are the following answers: for its popularity, for its remarkable cleanness, for its instant services, for its exotic atmosphere, for showing off, for its super quality, for its elegant consumption. With so many “fors”, yet we hav