2020版 第2部分 板块1 第2讲 非谓语动词

1、第2讲非谓语动词全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做命题解读smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof全1.(2018国卷)Youdonthavetorunfastorforlongto_see(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,1.考查非谓语dying(die)earlybyrunning.全rice2(2018国卷)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofto_improve动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补myheadtoavoidlooking(look)directly

2、into主语、宾语、eyessohedoesntfeelchallenged(challenge)语居多；状4(2018国卷)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,考查固定搭2语法填空(improve)waterquality.语、主语和表全语等)3(2018国卷)Iquicklylowermyself,ducking，以考查his全heallowedmeto_stay(stay)andwatch.配中的非谓语全5(2017国卷)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,动词。term16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-resting(

3、rest)全1.(2018国卷)Mygrandpasaidlastsummer1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的fish.theyearnedquitealotbysellthesellingsell全2(2018国卷)Asakid,Ilovedtowatch错用；短文改错cartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedto2过去分词与watchingthem,myparentswouldnotlet现在分词的错me.watchingwatch用；全3(2018国卷)Everyonewassilent,waittosee3不定式符号whowouldbecalledupont

4、oreadhisorherparagraphaloud.waitwaitingto的多余或缺失；全4(2018国卷)Someofuswereconfidentand4to是介词还eagertakepartintheclassactivity;otherswere后加nervousandanxious.eagerto1是不定式符号的！pick5(2017全国卷)Whensummercomes,theywill误判。invitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables前加to考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义先试做题组单句语法填空湖1(2019北武昌区高三调考)TheYan

5、gtzeRiver，known(know)inChinaastheChangJiangisthelongestriverinAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.玉only2(2019溪月考)Youloseweightforawhile,to_gain(gain)backmoreweightwhenyoustopyourweightlossprogram.湖3(2019南六校联考)Ofcourse,enjoying(enjoy)anicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canalsoimp

6、actourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabpartinexperiencinghappiness.再解读要点非谓语动词一般式主动语态todo被动语态tobedone意义表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式完成式tobedoingtohavedone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生tohave表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词beendone的动作之前现在分词/动名一般式完成doinghavingbeingdonehaving表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的词过去分词式

7、一般式donedonebeendone动作发生与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成2Havingbeenfiredbythecompany，themannowhasdifficultiesinsupportinghisfamily.被公司解雇了，这位男士难以养活他的家庭。toTherearestillmanyproblemsbesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstay在ontheMoon.我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。考点二非谓语动词作状语先试做题组.单句语法填空广合1(2019东七校联考)Wewenttoafastfoodrestaurantf

8、ordinnertogether.Myhusbandwenttothecounterto_order(order)dishesandIstoodwithmyparents.2(2019肥检测)EmperorQinShihuangsimplifiedChinesecharactersandset福，Idivedregularrules,making(make)iteasierforpeopletolearnandmaster.3(2019州模拟)Withmyeyestightlyclosed(close)inandmademywaytotheotherend.单句改错长thestage4(201

9、9沙一模)Theboybroughthisguitarto，wornafashionablehat，whichmadehimseemsomysterious.wornwearing长5(2019春模拟)Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.ThoughtThinking再解读要点1不定式作状语替to一(1)作目的状语，可用soasto/inorder换，但soasto般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。北withus(2016京卷)Tom

10、akeiteasiertogetintouch，youdbetterkeepthiscardathand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。太如(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：onlytodo；enoughtodo(足够做)；too.todo.(而不能)；so/such.asto.(此以至于)等。，only出汤乘Tomtookataxitotheairporttofindhisplanehighupinthe姆sky.3租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词todo”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，diff

11、icult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等。theWewereastonishedtofindtemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。易错提示语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语be形容词不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中

12、的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。2分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。ago这些书Orderedoveraweek，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。，birdsway像古代Likeancientsailorscanfindtheirusingthesunandthestars.的船员一样

13、，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师点津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种迷坐状态。常见的有：located(坐落于)，lost(路的)，seated(着的)，hidden(躲着in(的)，lost/absorbed/buried沉溺于)，dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(厌烦的)，facedwith(面对着)。Absorbedinpainting，Johndidntnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立4speakingo

14、f，compared，to，to等成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly，talking，speakingofjudgingfrom/bytakingeverythingintoconsiderationto/withtobefranktotell(you)thetruthbehonestmakethingsworse。，heJudgingfromhisaccentisfromHongKong.从口音判断，他是香港人。，ITotellyouthetruthamalittletired.说实话，我有点累。4独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语

15、应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词分词；名词/代词不定式；with/without名词/代词分词/不定式。，we考Thetestfinished(Whenthetestwasfinished)beganourholiday.试结束后，我们就开始放假了。考点三非谓语动词作定语先试做题组.单句语法填空湖cul

16、ture1(2019北八校第一次联考)Noonecanignoretherichdating(date)backtoancienttimeschangingintothemodernageataspeedandscalethathasnevebeenwitnessed.洛Uabilitypitch-(2(2019阳统考)The15-year-oldboyfromOaklandhasfascinatedaudienceintheS.andChinawithhisto_sing(sing)perfectMandarin普通话)andperformtheancientChineseartform.长

17、on3(2019治五校一联)Withapuzzled(puzzle)lookmyface,Ipointedtosaidmyselfand，“Me？”重4(2019庆联考)Ifeltlikeanidiot.Ishouldnothaveleftwithoutchargingmycellphone.ThebatterywasdeadandIwasalonewithoutanyway5to_contact(contact)myfamily.单句改错重5(2019庆月考)TheChineserestaurantnamingNewPandaBuffetprovidesgenuineChinesefood,

18、whichmanydinershavegiven5starreviews.namingnamed再解读要点1不定式作定语toherto(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurred，butshecouldntfindanypaperwriteon.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，thelast，theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。atandtheHeisalwaysthefir

19、sttoarrivetheschoolthelasttoleaveschool.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。an表itself.Theabilitytoexpressideaisasimportantastheidea达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2分词作

20、定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution，IdlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2012.6为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让

21、大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。，peopleLastnightthereweremillionsofwatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。名师点津非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示主动、尚未进行用todo；表示被动的动作尚未。进行用tobedone试比较：Thebridgebuiltrecentlywasdesignedbyalocalcompany.carryingTodaytherearemor

22、eairplanesmorepeoplethaneverbeforeinthesky.Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalcompany.atThequestiontobediscussedtomorrowsmeetingisveryimportant.考点四非谓语动词作宾语先试做题组.单句语法填空龙1(2019岩期中)Veryoften，opportunitiescomequietlyandgobywithoutbeing_noticed(notice)2(2019湖北八校联考)Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakes

23、andcorrecting(correct)them.长，3(2019治一联)Irememberedto_lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheofficebutforgottoturnoffthelights.单句改错西4(2019安六校联考)Beforeheardhisanswer,shestartedtoreadhimalmosteverysinglegreetingcardoutlouduntiltheelderlymansmiled.heardhearing广5(2019东七校联考)IliketravellingandmydreamofvisitBeijing

24、thecapitalcityofourcountrycametrueduringtheNationalDayholidaysthis7year.visitvisiting再解读要点(the，waitingto.1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen碰巧)等。Sheseatedherselfat

25、asmalltableinrestaurantbeserved她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。likeofftotodoingfun2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel，giveup，put，object，lookforward等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)；havesth.(in)doingsth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。我回避提Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbe

26、offended.及这个话题，以免冒犯他。youforItsquitehottoday.Dofeellikegoingaswim?今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：sth.忘记forgettodo忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.做过某事（已做）sth.对做记记尽力尝试regrettodo对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做）regretdoingsth.过的事表示后悔（已做）remembertodosth.得去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.得做过某事（已做）trytodosth.去做某事trydoingsth.做某事继续继打goontod

27、osth.做另一件事goondoingsth.续做原来做的事meantodosth.算做某事意meandoingsth.味着做某事（to不情不canthelp）dosth.能帮助做某事canthelpdoingsth.自禁地做某事，officetheIrememberedtolockthedoorbeforeIleftthebutforgottoturnoff8lights.我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。Really？Idontmeantowasteanylabour.是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力

28、。WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstopbuyingthegroceriesifIfoundout?她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢？易错提示(1)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有值deserve(得)。，(2)不定式作动词(短语)learndecide，know，wonder，show，tellunderstandexplain，teach，advise，findout等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，

29、what，whether，where，when，who等。后(3)介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。考点五非谓语动词作宾补先试做题组.单句语法填空济1(2019宁二模)Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.龙2(2019口一模)Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.黄to3(2019冈一模)Themanagerwass

30、atisfiedseemanynewproductsdeveloped(develop)aftergreateffort.成hisson4(2019都诊断)Tohissurprise,Jackfounddressed(dress)asSanta9ClausonChristmasEve.单句改错武5(2019汉调考)LastSundaywasmybirthday,soIinvitedsomeguysgoout前withmeforacelebration.加goto再解读要点1不定式作宾补，on不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(

31、短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，preferrequireremind，tell，want，warn，wish，call，dependon等。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving，wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.，sheto如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Havingfinishedherprojectwasinvitedb

32、ytheschooltospeakthenewstudents.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用tobe作宾补或主补。arebehard-Chinesepeopleconsideredtothemostworkingpeopleintheworld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtdo/tohavedone结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。Thepre

33、sidentwasreportedtohavevisitedChina.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。2分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?10听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？Africato李博(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被

34、动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Backfromhistwoyearmedicalservicein，Dr.Leewasveryhappyseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。让使(3)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：havesth.donegetsth.done让别人做某事；havesb

35、./sth.doing一直做某事；getsth./sb.doing开始做某事；havesb.dosth.getsb.todosth.让某人做某事。cityto.在Beforedrivingintothe，youarerequiredgetyourcarwashed开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。(4)with的复合结构为：with宾语doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with宾语done表示被动或完成；with宾语todo表示将要发生的动作。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog.followingt

36、hem这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。left，itWithsuchashorttimebeforethedeadlinedoesntseemlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.do截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。Withalotofworkto，shewasntallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。考点六非谓语动词作主语和表语先试做题组.单句语法填空贵，itis河1(2019州适应性考试)Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures

37、importantto_understand(understand)whatyoucanandcannotdo.2(2019南八市重点高中二次质检)Ifelthopelessandalone，andmore11depressed(depress)thanIknewwaspossible.郸your3(2019城二模)Understanding(understand)ownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionsandemotions.单句改错湖4(2019北武昌区高三调考)Ifthere

38、isnoaiminourlives,wewillgetlose.loselost铜5(2019陵一模)Terestedinteresting再解读要点1不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。youareremainNomatterhowbrightatalker，therearetimeswhenitstobettersilent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。to(2)不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim，purpose

39、，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。Hiswishisbeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。toisWhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。2动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作；It等。；There真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Itsawasteoftimedoing.Itsnouse/gooddoing

40、.isuselessdoing.isnopointdoing.Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。Itsnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。12(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek(Cleaningthehousethre

41、etimesaweekismyjob)我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待；留待”时，后常接tobedoneSheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly-formedcommitteespolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。易错提示不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都

42、用单数，这是短文改错中常考的语法点。.单句语法填空asItrain1Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringto_cook(cook)ameal.2Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,hadato_catch(catch)of3Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionwildlife,ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.4Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoying(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.5Iwa

43、sthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.6Thoughdisappointed(disappoint)knowhewouldntgetthejobaftertheinterview,Frankthankeduspolitely.7WhenMomcamein,hejustpretendedto_be_sleeping(sleep)138Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechoco

44、lateeasierto_break(break)intosmallpieces.9Having_finished(finish)thepaintingintendedtobeagiftforhisgirlfriendhadadeepsighofrelief.ais10Being_exposed(expose)toasmuchEnglishaspossiblegoodwaytolearnEnglishwell.单句改错1Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,youdbettertokeepthiscardath去掉better后的toSeen2Seeingfromt

45、hetopofthehill,thegardenlooksmorebeautiful.Seeing3Ourcompanyisgoingonverywell.Employdozensoflocalwomen,weproducehandmadegoodswithuniquedesignsthatsellwelloverseas.EmployEmployingsmoking4Wedontallowsmokeintheoffice.smokelargepots(5Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodin，usedtwigs树枝)toremoveit.usedusing.语法填空安

46、，suchasexistencethe.these(2019徽百所重点高中二模)ClassicalChinesepoetryistraditionalChinesepoetry1._(write)inClassicalChineseandtypifiedbycertaintraditionalformsandclose2._(connect)withparticularhistoricalperiodsthepoetryoftheTangDynasty.Its3._(document)atleastasearlyasthepublicationofClassicofPoetryorShijin

47、g4._(variety)combinationsofformsandgenresexist.Manyormostof5._(arise)attheendoftheTangDynasty.poetry1919，andthis2diversityUseanddevelopmentofClassicalChinese6._(active)continueduptotheyearof，7._theMayFourthMovementtookplaceisstilldevelopedeventoday.Poetrycreatedduring，500yearperiodofmorelesscontinuo

48、usdevelopmentshows8._greatdealofclassifiedbybothmajorhistoricalperiodsandbydynasticperiods.poetryisOfthekeyaspectsofClassicalChinese，another9._(it)intense14withChineseinterrelationshipotherformsofChineseart，suchasChinesepaintingandChinesecalligraphy.Classicalpoetryhasproventobeofstronginfluence10._poetryworldwide.【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了中国古诗的一些相关情况。1written中国古诗是用古文写的传统中国诗歌。write与poetry之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。2connections空前有形容词close“紧密的”，故空处填名词。connection在此表示“(两种事实、观念等的)联系，关联”，是可数名词，故填名词的复数形式。3isdocumenteddocument在此表示“记录，记载”，是及物动词，document与existence之间是动宾关系