职业大学英语Unit Seven

1、Unit SevenText AText B能力分析训练Text A1Introduction Logisticsthe movement or flow of people, materials and informationis an important part of any companys business strategy. The term has its origin in things military, and it was not until the last quarter of this century that business organizations bega

2、n to take the subject seriously. Logistics seeks to identify the cheapest way of achieving a given level of availability or service to customers. There five key elements: （1）unitizationthe product or service; （2）facilitieswhere the product or service is made available; （3）communications; （4）inventor

3、y; （5）transportation. Usually reliability and consistency in the level of service are more important than speed. If a promise is made, it must be kept. The speed required depends on the context in which the need has arisen. Electronic data interchange (EDI) involves direct links between computers. E

4、DI is used extensively in integrated logistics information systems. EDI enhances the breadth, timeliness, and quality of data. EDI applies to nearly every aspect of integrated logistics from paperless documentation flows to warehouse management with bar code scanners and radio frequency tags. 2.Elec

5、tronic data interchange (EDI) and integrated logistics Advantages of EDI include cost reductions, productivity gains, faster order cycle times, better focus on the customer, and reduced clerical work, paper, and postage. As goods move, so must information. To move the right goods to the right place

6、at the right time in the right condition with the right documents, the answers to all the “right” questions must be known. Where should the truck driver pick up this shipment? Who should receive this package? How much inventory of an item is in stock and how much should be produced? Where is this sh

7、ipment now? 3Integrated logistics information system (ILIS) The essence of information systems in logistics is the conversion of accurate data into useful information. Integrated Logistics is defined as: the process of anticipating customer needs and wants; acquiring the capital, materials, people,

8、technologies, and information necessary to meet those needs and wants; optimizing the goods-or-service-producing network to fulfill customer requests; and utilizing the network to fulfill customer requests in a timely way. Defining the Integrated Logistics Information System (ILIS)An integrated logi

9、stics information system can be defined as: the involvement of people, equipment, and procedures required to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and then distribute needed information to appropriate decision-makers in a timely and accurate manner so they can make quality logistics decisions.Notes 1The

10、challenge is to achieve the requisite availability through trade-offs between each element. 这里的to achieve the requisite availability through trade-offs between each element是不定式短语，做句子的表语。 句子的基本句型：主语+谓语+表语，但从时态上来讲应属于将来时态。 本句译为：目前的挑战是通过权衡每一个要素来达到要求的效果。 2But if the fashion does catch hold, the supplier

11、needs to now as quickly as possible, to allow him or her to find and deliver more items to retail stores. 这里的the fashion does catch hold.，是强调句的用法。例如： We do need your help. 我们确实需要你的帮助。 本句译为：然而，时尚一旦流行起来，供应商就应该尽快知晓这一信息，找到并运送更多的货物到零售商店。 3The additional items can seldom come by the cheapest form of trans

12、port or they will arrive too late, nor can they be made far away by the cheapest source unless high-cost transport is used such as air freight. 这里的.,nor can they be made far away by the cheapest source unless high-cost transport is used such as air freight.属于倒装句型。 一般否定词或带有否定意义的短语位于句首时，要倒装，如hardly、ne

13、ver、rarely、seldom等。 例如：Rarely would any of us stand up and show the world who we are. 我们无法站出来向世界证明自己。 Little did he realize that he had made a serious mistake in the experiment. 他还没意识到自己在实验中犯了严重的错误。 本句译为：这些新加货物通常不使用最便宜的交通工具运输，否则就会到得太迟。 又不能用最便宜的原料在较远的地方生产，除非使用诸如空运这种高成本的运输方式。Text B As known well, each

14、 activities of tradition logistics has huge impact to the environment, such as the exhaust gas in transportation; dust pollution in loading and unloading. The new concept, green logistics, comes from the requirement of the sustainable development of economic, in order to change the one-way relations

15、hip between economic developing and logistics; and to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment. Green logistics means: using the advanced logistics technology and operating the transportation, storage, packaging, loading & unloading, and distribution process, in order to reduce the pollu

16、tion to the environment, and the consumption of natural resource. Green logistics is meaningful: First, it is the requirement of the sustainable development of economic and the globalization; Secondly, it is the inevitable road to reduce the operate cost maximally; and the last but not the least, it

17、 can help an enterprise to gain the compResearch Reduce Reuse Recycle Rescue etitive advantage. To build a green logistics system needs to integrate six parts of logistics activities: （1）green transportation Green transportation refers to reducing the pollution of exhaust gas, noise, trying to save

18、the building and maintaining fee of transportation. （2）green warehousing and storage Green warehousing and storage means to use scientific warehousing and storage strategy and methods, in order to avoid the damage of goods and reduce the pollution to the environment. （3）green loading and unloading G

19、reen loading and unloading is to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the dust, mist pollution when loading and unloading （4）green packaging Green packaging requires an appropriate package which is recycle and reused without any harmfulness and damage to the human being and environment

20、. （5）green distribution process （6）green logistics management Green logistics management require the enterprise to take the environment protection mind set into enterprise operation in each level, each procedure and so on. The mind set can be summarized as “5R”: Research Reduce Reuse Recycle RescueN

21、otes 1The new concept, green logistics, comes from the requirement of the sustainable development of economic, in order to change the one-way relationship between economic developing and logistics; and to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment. 这里的in order to引导的是目的状语，而不定式短语to change th

22、e one-way relationship between economic developing and logistics 通过and与不定式短语to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment相并列。 本句译为：绿色物流，作为一个新的概念，来自于经济的可持续发展的要求，是为了改变经济发展和物流的单边关系，和控制物流对环境的影响。 2Green logistics means: using the advanced logistics technology and operating the transportation, s

23、torage, packaging, loading & unloading, and distribution process, in order to reduce the pollution to the environment, and the consumption of natural resource. 这里的有多个动名词短语using the advanced logistics technology and operating the transportation, storage, packaging, loading & unloading, and distributi

24、on process都做谓语动词mean的宾语；in order to 引导的是目的状语，而the pollution to the environment和the consumption of natural resource都做reduce的宾语。 本句译为：绿色物流是指以降低对环境的污染，减少资源消耗为目标，利用先进物流技术和实施运输，存储，包装，装卸搬运，流通加工等物流活动。 3First, it is the requirement of the sustainable development of economic and the globalization 句中用of表示所属关系

25、。一般来讲，A of B的结构，应翻译成B的A；而A of B of C，则应翻译为C的B的A。 本句译为：首先，绿色物流是经济全球化的可持续发展的要求 4To build a green logistics system needs to integrate six parts of logistics activities: 这里的不定式短语To build a green logistics system做句子的主语。 一般在强调目的、目标时主语往往用不定式短语来表现。 如：To study English well is our important task. 本句译为：要建立一个绿色

26、物流体系需要整合六个方面的物流活动。 5Green loading and unloading is to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the dust, mist pollution when loading and unloading. 这里的不定式短语to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the dust, mist pollution做句子的表语。 句子中出现be to do的形式在时态上归属于将来时态。 如：These clothes are

27、 to be washed. 本句译为：绿色装卸搬运是指为减少装卸搬运过程环节的粉尘烟雾等污染物而采取的现代化的装卸搬运手段和措施。ExercisesTrue or false 1As known well, each activities of tradition logistics has insignificant impact to the environment, such as the exhaust gas in transportation; dust pollution in loading and unloading. 2The new concept, green log

28、istics, comes from the requirement of customers, in order to change the one-way relationship between manufactures and customers; and to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment. 3To build a green logistics system needs to integrate four parts of logistics activities. 4Green transportatio

29、n refers to reducing the pollution of exhaust gas, noise, trying to save the building and maintaining fee of transportation. 5Green logistics management require the enterprise to take the environment protection mind set into enterprise operation in each level, each procedure and so on. 6The mind set

30、 can be summarized as “5R”: Research, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Repay. 1As known well, each activities of tradition logistics has huge impact to the environment, such as the in transportation; in .Put in the missing information based on the text 2Green logistics means: using the advanced l technolo

31、gy and operating the t , storage, p , loading & unloading, and d process, in order to reduce the pollution to the environment, and the c of natural resource. 3Secondly, it is the inevitable road to reduce the operate cost m ; and the last but not the least, it can help an enterprise to gain the c a

32、. 4Green transportation refers to reducing the p of e g , noise, trying to save the building and m fee of transportation. 5Green loading and unloading is to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the d , m pollution when l and u . 6Green packaging require an a package which is r , r and

33、without any harmfulness and damage to the human being and environment. 7To build a green logistics system needs to integrate six parts of logistics activities: , , , , , .能力分析训练Skills of UnderstandingSkills of Translation Skills of Business E-mail Writing Skills of Oral Language in Working Condition

34、 Skills of Understanding提高阅读理解的几个注意点 为了提高阅读理解能力，同学们在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下工夫： （一）要注意养成良好的阅读心理。阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。 造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋。 切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。 心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。 因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。 这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。 （二）要提高视读的速度。考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是速度。 慢读是不行的。 因此做阅读理解时

35、，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。 阅读时眼球总是不断地移动停顿移动着。 理解是在“眼停”的瞬间进行的。 我们要使眼睛停留的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼和脑较快的反应能力。 切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。 （三）阅读时要注意培养语感。所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。 语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。 阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。 必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。 读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少

36、单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。 （四）读完一篇文章后，要回味一下文章的段落结构、中心思想、人物事件，对论点论据要做到心中有数。 不清楚的地方可以再看几次。 要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。 对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。 如果文章太长，可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。 这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。 要善于找出关键句，特别要注意，文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。 此外，还应该细读文章，因为

37、有时的试题是考细节。 可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、原因即5个W划出来。 凡是遇到人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。 要求学生在6分钟内完成下面的阅读理解及相关的选择题目 When you think of software, you probably think of application programs. They support end-user functions, allowing people to perform such tasks as playing a game, writing a paper, laying out（

38、设计）a spreadsheet（电子表格）, or generating paychecks（付薪金用的支票）. Exercises of Such Skill Another type of software, called system software, perform its assigned（分配的,指派的）tasks behind the scenes. An excellent example is the operating system found on most computers. An operating system serves as an interface,

39、bridging the gap between hardware and application software. Thus, as we move from hardware to software, its appropriate that we consider the operating system first. What exactly does an operating system do? Basically, it performs a number of support functions. For example, picture an application pro

40、gram stored on disk. Before the program can be executed, it must first be copied into main memory, because the program that controls a computer must be in main memory. The process of copying a program from disk to memory involves considerable（重要的、很多的）logic. The source of a computers logic is softwar

41、e. Thus, if the application program is to be loaded（装入,装载）, there must be a program in memory to control the loading process. That program is the operating system. Perhaps the best known microcomputer OS is MS-DOS, developed by Microsoft Corporation for the IBM-PC and compatible（兼容的）machines. It has

42、 become an industry standard. Microsoft Windows is a system software that works hand in hand With MS-DOS to create what is commonly called a graphical operating environment, or graphical user interface (GUI). Working with your computer in this environment offers（提供）many advantages over working with

43、it in “normal” MS-DOS. Here are some of those advantages: Windows replaces the DOD commands. Windows makes more efficient use of all your computers memory and provides a standard mechanism（机构，机制）for copying or moving information from one program to another. Windows also includes a facility called dy

44、namic data exchange（交换）(DDE)that allows certain programs to exchange information automatically. In short, Windows is a system software that makes your computer easier to use, allowing you to be more productive（生产的，多产的）and get the maximum（最大）value from your hardware and software investment（投资）. （1）Wh

45、ich of the following is wrong? AApplication programs bridge the gap between hardware and application software. BApplication programs can support end-user functions. CApplication programs allow people to play a game, write a paper, lay out a spreadsheet or generate paychecks. DSystem software perform

46、s its tasks behind the scenes. （2）Which of the systems should we consider first when we move from hardware to software? AMenu. BApplication programs. CFile systems. DOperating systems. （3）Whats the source of a computers logic? AHardware. BMain memory. CSoftware. DDisk. （4）Which of the following is i

47、ncorrect? AMicrosoft Windows is a hardware system. BMicrosoft Windows works hand in hand with MS-DOS. CMicrosoft Windows creates a graphical operating environment. DMicrosoft Windows creates a graphical user interface. （5）Which of the following isnt the advantage of windows? AIt can replace the DOS

48、command. BIt lets you run one program at a time. CIt allows certain programs to exchange information automatically. DIt serves as an interface between the user and the software.Skills of Translation定语从句的翻译 定语从句的翻译是英语复合句翻译中的一大难点。 在翻译定语从句时，以下几种处理手法较为常见，且很实用。 把英语限制性定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译成汉语单句

49、。 例如：There will come a day when computers will enter every household of the country. 计算机走进每个家庭的一天是会到来的。 Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows. 不透光的物体会造成阴影。1前置译法译成带“的”的短语 当英语定语从句的结构较为复杂时，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而又不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。例如： There are also great advantages that come from the variety o

50、f culture brought by settlers from other lands. 移民从各地带来了多种文化，也产生了极大的好处。 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。 2后置译法译成后置的并列分句 融合法是将原句中的主句和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。 由于限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，所以融合法比较适用于翻译限制性定语从句。 英语中的There be句型译成汉语时往往采用这种方法。 3融

51、合译法将主句与定语从句融合成一体 This is the way that Americans themselves become familiar with one another. 美国人自己也是这样相识的。 In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives, the social customs are quite different. 有些国家的人民几乎终生未离开一个城镇，所以社会风俗颇为不同。 英语非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作用，只对它加以描写、叙述或解释。 翻译这类定语从句

52、时，往往定语从句译成独立句。 John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party. 约翰不能来参加聚会，他妻子病了。 He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。 副总统向他担保，凡是能够做到的都竭尽全力去做。 4独立译法多用于非限制性定语从句 按要求将下列句子译成汉语。 1He was an old man who hunted wild animals a

53、ll his life in the mountains.（前置译法） 2I went round the village saying good-by to the simple folk who had become my friends.（前置译法） 3Man cannot live on the moon, where there is no air and water.（后置译法）Exercises of Such Skill 4Metal has many useful properties, of which strength is the most important.（后置译

54、法） 5Her hair is the same color as her mothers.（融合译法） 6Whats the time you usually go to bed?（融合译法） 7She has two brothers, who are both doctors.（独立译法） 8We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.（独立译法）Skills of Business E-mail Writing用邮件发起邀约 Sometimes we write E-mails to make a

55、ppointments. This kind of message is often not very formal, but politeness is still required. Please read the following sample E-mails. 有些时候我们通过E-mail来发起邀约。 这类信息一般不是非常正式，但是也需要注意礼貌。 首先来阅读下面的电子邮件范文。From: JTo: TCc:BCC:Subject: Appointment Confirmation.Date: Sat, Mar 19, 2009AConfirming an appointment确认约会Dear Teddy, I would like to confirm（确认）that we will meet at the meeting room at