2022-2023学年陕西省西安市83中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷请考生注意：1请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用05毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。2答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项，按规定答题。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Though small, the country has _ plants from desert grasses to tropical jungle.Aextreme BabundantCartificial Dpoisonous2Having been treated in th

2、e hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now eventually back _ his feet.AatBinConDto3Leaders of many countries have been trying to what it is that makes China develop so fast in recent years.Acarry outBfigure outCwatch outDmake out4 volleyball is her main focus, she

3、is also great at basketball.ASinceBOnceCUnlessDWhile5The Small Goose Pagoda in Xian, one of the 22 Silk Road relics located in China, _ back in 707 during the Tang Dynasty.AdatedBwas datedCdatesDis dating6I certainly expect to be elected best student of the year. Its really _!Aa good Samaritan Ba we

4、t blanketCa feather in my cap Da piece of cake7Why _ you choose to work in a remote village school when you can own a respectable job in a city?AneedBshouldCmustDwill8_ a bike, she cycled home.ABoughtBTo buyCBeing boughtDHaving bought9Youve been coughing so badly recently. Give up smoking, please._.

5、 I think I am addicted to it.AIt cant be helpedBGood ideaCSo far, so goodDFar from it10- Is there any chance of my being promoted?- If you want a promotion, youd better rather than get your way.Aplay the gameBcross your fingersCraise the red flagDkill the fatted calf11Fred let _ that he was prepared

6、 to leave company when the new manager took office.Asecret BslipCpromise Dstandard12Mr, White, do you have anything _?No, nothing. You can take a rest now.Atype Btyped Cto type Dto be typed13More often than not, the enterprise around us are getting even richer, _ recipe is dont put all your eggs in

7、one basket.Aof whichBwhichCwhoseDof whom14-Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. -I think so. He _ for it months.Ais preparingBhas been preparingCwas preparingDhad been preparing15What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant another?Aover BofCfrom Dfor16Jack should have calme

8、d down at the party!But the kids made so much noise that he couldnt help but _.Aface the music Beat like a birdCmend his ways Dfly off the handle17All the containers have been unloaded! Can it have been done by Frank?Impossible! He _ his car last night.Ahas fixed Bhad fixed Cwould fix Dwas fixing18-

9、Sorry to have broken your glass.-_. You didnt mean to, did you?ANo problem BForget itCAll right DDont say so19As a teacher, you have to _ your method to suit the needs of slower children.AdisplayBtestCadjustDtransfer20Hard work and lack of sleep have _ her beauty and youth in recent years.Aworn outB

10、tried outCmade outDsent out第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists（人类学家）. Descriptions like “Paleolithic(旧石器时代) Man”, “Neolithic(新石器时代) Man”, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologi

11、sts to turn their attention to the twenty-first century, they will surely choose the label “Legless Man”. Histories of the time will go something like this: “In the twenty-first century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. T

12、here were lifts in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. And the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were ruined by the presenc

13、e of large car parks.”The future history books might also record that we lost the right of using our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get i

14、n your way. When you travel by car or train, the unclear picture of the countryside constantly slides over the window. When you mention the most impressive place-names in the world, the typical 21st century traveler always says “Ive been there.”meaning “I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the

15、 way to somewhere else.”When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like

16、this, you skip all experience. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of h

17、is journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.1、Anthropologists name man nowadays “Legless Man” because _.Apeople prefer cars, buses and trainsBpeople travel without using legsClifts prevent people from walkingDpeople use thei

18、r legs less and less2、According to the passage, what might make people lose the right of using their eyes?AThe modern means of transportation. BA birds-eye view of the world.CThe unclear sight from the vehicles. DThe fast-paced life style.3、From the passage, we know traveling at high speeds means _.

19、Aappreciating beautiful scenery Bexperiencing life skillsCfocusing on the next destination Dfeeling physical tiredness4、What does the author intend to tell us?AModern transportation devices have replaced legs.BTraveling makes the world a small place.CHumans history develops very fast.DThe best way t

20、o travel is on foot.22（8分）High levels of chocolate consumption might be associated with a one third reduction in the risk of developing heart disease, suggests a study published online in the British Medical Journal. The findings confirm results of existing studies that generally agree on a potentia

21、l beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health. However, the authors stress that further studies are needed to test whether chocolate actually causes this reduction or if it can be explained by some other unmeasured factor.The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, nearly

22、 23 6 million people will die from heart disease. However, lifestyle and dict are key factors in preventing heart disease, says the paper, A number of recent studies have shown that eating chocolate has a positive influence on human health due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thi

23、s includes reducing blood pressure and improving insulin sensitivity.However, the evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart still remains unclear. So, Dr Oscar Franco and colleagues from the University of Cambridge carried out a large scale review of the existing evidence to evaluate th

24、e effects of eating chocolate on cardiovascular(心血管)events like heart attack and stroke.They analyzed the results of seven studies, involving over 100,000 participants with and without existing heart disease, For each study, they compared the group with the highest chocolate consumption against the

25、group with the lowest consumption.Five studies reported a beneficial link between higher levels of chocolate consumption and the risk of cardiovascular events. They found that the “highest levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease and a 29% reduct

26、ion in stroke compared with lowest levels.” No significant reduction was found in relation to heart failure.The authors say the findings need to be interpreted with caution, in particular because commercially available chocolate is very calorific (around 500 calories for every 100 grams)and eating t

27、oo much of it could lead to weight gain, risk of diabetes and heart disease.However, they conclude that given the health benefits of dating chocolate, initiatives to reduce the current fat and sugar content in most chocolate products should be explored.1、Which statement is NOT true according to the

28、passage?AThere used to be studies about the beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health.BMillions of people will die from heart disease according to the WHOCThere are still other factors that may reduce the risk of heart disease.DThere is clear evidence about how eating chocolate

29、affects your heart.2、What are the possible causes of heart disease ?AEating chocolateBUnhealthy dietCExercising regularlyDDrinking coffee.3、Whats the authors attitude towards the findings?AcautiousBdoubtfulCdisapprovingDnegative4、What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AWe should eat less choco

30、late.BChocolate benefits our health.CWe should consider the fat and sugar problem.DEating chocolate will lead to fat gain naturally.23（8分）When your child lies to you, it hurts. As parents, it makes us angry and we take it personally. We feel like we can never trust our child again. Why does lying ca

31、use such anger, pain and worry for parents?Parents are understandably very afraid of their children getting hurt and getting into trouble, but they have very little protection against these things as they send their kids out into the word. Kids learn from other kids and from external media, and this

32、 makes parents feel unsafe because they cant control the information and ideas that their children are exposed to.When your kid lies, you start to see him as “sneaky（卑鄙的）”, especially if he continues to lie to you. You feel that hes going behind your back. You begin to think that your kids are “bad”

33、. Because, certainly, if lying is bad, liars are bad. Its just that simple. Parents need to make their kids responsible for lying. But the mistake parents make is that they start to blame the kid for lying. Its considered immoral to lie. But when you look at your kid like hes a sneak, its a slippery

34、 slope （滑坡谬误）that starts with “You lie” and ends up at “Youre a bad person”.Kids know lying is forbidden. But they dont see it as hurtful. So a kid will say, “I know its wrong that I eat a sugar snack when Im not supposed to. But who does it hurt?” “I know its wrong that I trade my dried fruit for a

35、 Twinkie. But it doesnt really hurt anybody. I can handle it. Whats the big deal?” Thats what the kid sees.So I think that parents have to assume that kids are going to tell them lies, because theyre immature and they dont understand how hurtful these things are. Theyre all drawn to excitement, and

36、theyll all have a tendency to distort(歪曲) the truth because theyre kids.1、Why do parents worry about their kids and feel unsafe?ANobody trusts their kids in the world because of lying.BLying always causes their kids to get hurt or get into trouble.CTheir kids are exposed to outside world without the

37、ir control.DThey cant protect their kids from other kids and external media.2、Whats the authors attitude towards parents seeing kids as bad if they lie?AImmoral. BNegative.CSupportive. DDifferent.3、The underlined word “they” really refers to _.Aparents Btheir childrenCother kids Dbad things4、How do

38、parents react to kids lying?ATaking no notice of it.BBlaming them immediately.CPretending to be angry and educate them.DAccept it but make them responsible for it.24（8分） There are a couple of ways to forecast the destructive potential of a hurricane so that people in the way can take adequate precau

39、tions Satellite images of cloud patterns can be analyzed to estimate peak wind speeds， but the estimates are often way off the mark Specialized aircraft can fly into a storm to measure the winds directly， but the flights are costlyResearchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology come up with

40、 a third way： listening to a storm underwaterIn a paper to be published in Geophysical Research Letters， Nicholas C Makris and a former graduate student， Joshua D Wilson， report a strong connection between the intensity of sound recorded by an undersea microphone in the midAtlantic and the wind powe

41、r of a hurricane that passed over it They say that such microphones， known as hydrophones， could be a safe and relatively inexpensive means of estimating hurricane forceDr Makris and Dr Wilson， who are now with Applied Physical Sciences Corporation， worked out the theory of underwater acoustic monit

42、oring of storms in a 2005 paper To be very frank with you， its a mystery what makes storms noisy underwater Dr Makris said The most popular idea currently is that it has something to do with oscillating are bubbles（气泡振动）The researchers then went looking for experimental data to back their theory， an

43、d found it from a hydrophone placed at a depth of 2，500 feet by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration It happened that Hurricane Gert passed over the area in September 1999， and a hurricanehunter plane directly measured the wind speed at the same time The hydrophone data showed sound i

44、ntensity rising when the storms outside wind wall passed over， and again when the inside wall， the most destructive part of the storm near the eye， passed over We got a beautiful connection， Dr Makris said， between the hydrophone data and the actual wind speeds as measured by the aircraftDr Makris i

45、s conducting additional experiments， working with the Mexican Navy off the west coast of Mexico The eventual goal， he said， would be permanent hydrophones in known hurricane zones or temporary ones that could be easily laid by plane or ship in the path of a coming storm1、It can be inferred from the

46、passage that AThe scientists didnt gain any support from different fieldsBDr Makris and Dr Wilson have figured out what makes storms noisy underwaterCThe scientists have found the relationship between the changes of sound intensity and the force of the hurricaneDThere are several creative ways for p

47、eople to forecast the force of the coming hurricane2、Why is Dr Makris now making other experiments with the help of the Mexican Navy off the west coast of Mexico？ATo place permanent hydrophones in some zonesBTo collect more images of cloud patternsCTo be secure in carrying out their experimentsDTo g

48、et more information from the hurricanehunter planes3、Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？AWays to Stop the Destructive Force of a HurricaneBConnection between the Intensity of Sound and the Wind Power of a HurricaneCHydrophones， Safe but Expensive Means of Estimating Hurric

49、ane ForceDMeasuring a Hurricane by Sound Underwater25（10分）Statistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes its necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem. Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探）hears of a player who has powered his tea

50、m to a good win-loss record. His coaches think hes one of the most talented players theyve seen. But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager its not worth trying to recruit (录用）the player.Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision,

51、right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample. But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员）with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer. The employer interviews th

52、e applicant and is unimpressed. The employer tells his colleagues that its not worthwhile recruiting him.Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision. But it isnt. Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of long-term performa

53、nce by any criteria that have been examined.In both cases, predictions based on references-school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation-give a 65-75% chance of choosing the better of the two.Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the cas

54、e of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we havent seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate (最终的）performance in the setting were concerned about. We havent seen that the guy who looks like a fool in th

55、e interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average. The only way to see that the interview isnt going to be worth much is to be able to apply the “law of large numbers”，which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very sma

56、ll sample of behavior.The bottom line: theres safety in numbers. The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer. Consider the job interview: its not only a tiny sample, its not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely. Psycho

57、logical theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip. Its just too compelling (强迫性的）that weve learned a lot from those 30 minutes.My recommendation is not to interview at all unless youre going to develop an interview protocol (体系),w

58、ith the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate. And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate. Its harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess. But it can really pay off.1、The cases in the first two paragraphs

59、 are meant to_.Aillustrate the influence of fansBshow the weaknesses of scoutsCattach importance to interviewsDintroduce the topic of the passage2、The author believes that _.Athe setting in the job interview is too artificial to be convincingBa successful candidate usually uses tricks to cover his r

60、eal charactersCa small sample is not enough to make a generalized judgement of a candidateDthe number of candidates hasnt satisfied the requirements for a job interview3、What is the best title for the passage?AHow employees are selectedBWhere statistics are availableCWhy job interviews are pointless