2019版高考英语提分单元加餐练通用版(全解析)单元加餐练65含解析

1、单元加餐练.阅读理解AGettingclosetoactiveoreruptingvolcanoescanbedangerous.ButforMichaelRampino,itsallinadayswork.Rampinoisavolcanologist,ascientistwhostudiesvolcanoesandhowtheyaffectourplanet.Rampinohasbeenclosetored-hotlavaflows(熔岩流)inHawaiiandexplosivevolcanoesinIndonesia.Heknowswhentogetclosetoanactivevol

2、canoandwhentobackaway.Rampinowasntalwaysavolcanologist.HeworkedforNASAforsevenyears.Hestudiedrocksuntilhebegantoresearchclimatechangeandtheeffectsthatvolcanoeshaveonclimate.Hebecameinterestedinthesubject.“OnceIstartedworkingwithvolcanoes，”Rampinosaid,“Iwashooked.”RampinoisaprofessoratNewYorkUniversi

3、ty.Aspartofhisjob,hetravelstoareaswherevolcanoeshavebeenactive.“Activemeans”theyhaveeruptedwithinthepastfewcenturiesandprobablywilleruptagain.Rampinostudiesthedeposits(沉积物)ofashandothermaterialsfromtheeruptions.TheashmayholdcluestowhathappenedtotheEarthinthedistantpast.Itmayalsohelpscientistspredict

4、whatcouldhappentoEarthsclimateinthefuture.Rampinodoesntworkalone.Heworkswithateamofscientistswhousecomputerstostimulate(模拟)theeffectsvolcanoeshaveonEarthsatmosphere.Beingavolcanologistmaybehardwork,butitsalsofun.“Itscooltravelingtheworldstudyingvolcanoes，”Rampinosays.Whenhetalkstostudentsabouthiswor

5、k,hetellsthemthathisgoalistheeventsthathaveshapedEarthshistory.”“tounde篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位火山学家的相关事迹。1ToRampino,beingclosetoactivevolcanoesis_.AadventurousbutmeaningfulBscarybutnecessaryCimpossibleandunnecessaryDdangerousbuturgent答案：A推理推断题。根据第一段可知这样的工作很具有冒险性；再根据文章第三段最后一句可知这样的工作也很有意义。2Theunderlinedw

6、ord“hooked”inParagraph2probablymeans“_”AtrappedBtouchedCfrightenedDattracted答案：D词义猜测题。根据上一句中的“becameinterestedinthesubject”可知，Rampino一旦开始火山研究工作时，就会入迷、被吸引，故这里是被“吸引”的意思。故选D项。3Rampinosstudyonvolcanoesmighthelp_.AwarnpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentBsupportthestudyofEarthsfutureclimateCtellthefutureeruptio

7、ntimeofthevolcanoesDreducethepossibilityofthevolcanoeseruptions答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ItmayalsohelpscientistspredictwhatcouldhappentoEarthsclimateinthefuture”.以及第四段最后一句可知，他的工作有助于研究地球未来的气候。故选B项。4Inwhichpartofanewspapercouldwefindthistext?AClimate.BHistory.CPeople.DBusiness.答案：C推理判断题。本文是介绍了一位研究火山的专家，应该属于

8、报纸中的人物版块。故选C项。BThevolcanoisoneofthemostsurprisingfrighteningforcesofnature.Maybeyouhaveseenpicturesofthese“fireworksof”nature.Sometimeswhenavolcanoerupts,_averylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofamountain.Itlookslikesa“riveroffire”.Sometimesvolcanoesexplode,throwingthemeltedrockandasheshighintot

9、heair.Butwheredoesthismeltedrockcomefrom?Theearthismadeupofmanylayers.Thetoplayer(层)thatweseeiscalledthecrust.Underthecrustaremanylayersofhardrock.Butfar,farbeneaththecrustwhoserockissohotthatitissoft.Insomeplacesitevenmelts.Themeltedrockiscalledmagma.Sometimesthemagmabreaksouttothesurfacethroughint

10、hecrack.Thesecracksarevolcanoes.Mostpeoplethinkofmountainswhentheythinkofvolcanoes.Butnoteverymountainisavolcano.Avolcanoissimplytheopeningintheearthfromwhichthemagmaescapes.Thehotmagma,orlavaasitiscalled,buildsuponthesurfaceoftheearth.Overthousandsofyears,thispileofcooledlavacangrowtobevery,verybig

11、.Forexample,thehighestmountaininAfrica,Kilimanjaro,isavolcano.Ittowersmorethan16,000feetabovethegroundaroundit.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界的神奇力量火山。5Theunderlinedword“erupts”inParagraph1means“_”AmovesdownBbreaksawayCbuildsupDsuddenlythrowsoutlava答案：D词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知此处指火山喷发，项意为“突然释放出岩浆”，与“喷发”意义最为接近。故D项正确。

12、6Whichwordsinthepassagehavethesamemeaningas“meltedrock”？A“Volcano”andB“Crust”andC“Magma”and“explode“hardrock“lava”D“Volcano”and“magma”答案：C细节理解题。由第一段倒数第三句和第二段第四句可知，“magma”和“lava”可代替“meltedrock”，表示“岩浆；熔岩”。7Whichisthecorrectorderofthelayersoftheearth(beginningwiththetoplayer)?Acrusthardrockmagmasoftroc

13、kBcrusthardrocksoftrockmagmaCmagmasoftrockhardrockcrustDvolcanocracksmagmacrust答案：B细节理解题。由第一段倒数第37句可知地球的正确分层为B项所述。8Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe“_”ATheVolcanoBKilimanjaroVolcanoCTheMountainsDTheMeltedRock答案：A标题判断题。通读全文后可知，本文主要讲的是有关火山的相关知识。.七选五Anewreportsaysplasticsareresponsiblefor$13billionindam

14、agetotheoceansandtheunderseaenvironment.ThefindingswereannouncedrecentlyataUnitedNationsconference._1_Plasticthrownawaycarelesslymakesitswayintoriversandotherwaterways._2_Afterawhile,itcollectsinthesea.Andplasticnevergoesaway.Plasticisnotbiodegradabledestroyedbybacteriaornaturalprocesses.Instead,itj

15、ustbreaksupintosmallerpiecesovertime.Theoceanscontainalotofchemicalsandotherpollutants._3_Thatmeansharmfulmaterialsmaygetintoourfoodsupply._4_Humanbeingscausepollutionandtheycantakestepstostopit.Theycanusefewersingle-useproductcontainersandthrowplasticsawaycorrectly.Plasticrecyclingprogramsalsoworkw

16、hereoldbottlesandotherplasticsarecollected,brokendownandusedtomakenewproducts.Wecouldreusebottlesinourhouseholdsmanytimesifwewishto,ratherthanendthemafterthefirstuse.Wecould,whenwegetridofplastic,recycleitandreuseit,whichreplacestheneedforrawmaterials.Thereportalsocallsoncompaniestoimprovemethodsfor

17、usingplastics._5_Anditcallsforinformationaboutthewayplasticisthrownoutorremovedfromuse.Byputtinganewvalueonplastic,industryhasaspecialreasontocleanuptheenvironment.Andallofthecompaniesmustjointodealwiththeproblem.AThen,fishmayeattheplastic.BItasksforthemtobettermeasureanddirectplasticuse.CTheplastic

18、eventuallyreachescoastalareasandoceanwaters.DThereporttellsabouttheharmtosealifeandwhatmightbedonetoimprovethesituation.EPlasticsshouldbegatheredtogetherandreused.FButpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.GItisconvenienttouseplasticbagsineverydaylife.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一份新的报告指出：被丢弃的塑料汇聚到海洋，不仅严重污染了海洋环境，而且最终会通过鱼等海洋生

19、物进入人体，危害人类健康。同时，该报告也指出了个人以及企业应该如何采取措施来改善这种状况。1D根据语境可判断出，D项承接上文“Anewreportsays.”，进一步阐释该报告的内容，故选D。2C根据上下文语境及下句中的“collectsinthesea”可知，被丢弃在河里和其他航道的塑料最终会流入沿海地区和大洋水域，故选C。3A由设空处前后的句子可知，此处叙述海洋污染和人类食物污染之间的关系，故A项符合语境，故选A。4F本段谈的是人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋及海洋环境的污染，故F项“Butpeoplecanmakeabigdifference”.符合语境，总领该段并与上文形成转折。5B根

20、据设空前一句中的“Thereportalsocallsoncompaniestoimprove.plastics.”及空后“Anditcallsfor.”可知，本段重在阐释该报告对各个公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求。B项中的It指代Thereport,them指代companies，且全句符合前后语境。故选B。.语法填空MyhusbandandIwerepayingavisit_1_myparentsinTucson.Wewenttoafastfoodrestaurantfordinnertogether.Myhusbandwenttothecounter_2_(order)dishesandI

21、stoodwithmyparents.Mydadwas90yearsold.Hecouldhardlyseeverywellandwalkedwithastick.Iwasscanningtherestaurant,_3_(wait)tositatthefirsttablethatwas_4_(convenient)thanothers.Awomanwhowassittingwithhersonmadeeyecontactwithmeandaskedmetocometoher.Witha_5_(puzzle)lookonmyface,Ipointedtomyselfandsaid,“Me？”S

22、he_6_(nod)andsaid,“Yes,you.”Iwalkedtothetableandshesaid,“Bringyourfamilyhere.Icanfinisheatingatthecounter.Mysonisin_7_hurrytoleaveanyway.”Myeyes_8_(fill)withtearsasshewipeddownthetableandguidedmydadtotheseat.alwaysbelievethatthereare_9_(nature)kindpeopleinthisworld.Thiswomanhassetagoodexampleforhers

23、on,_10_isareallyluckyguy.1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫以及“我”的父母在一家饭店准备就餐，“我”的父亲九十高龄，行动不便，一位女士主动让座，这让“我”感到了世界的美好。1to考查介词。payavisittosb.为固定搭配，意为“拜访某人”。2toorder考查动词不定式。空处所填词表示去柜台的目的，故用动词不定式。3waiting考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处所填词和句子谓语动词之间无连词，应用非谓语动词；I与wait之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。4moreconveni

24、ent考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处应用形容词的比较级。5puzzled考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰“look”，表示人的表情，故用形容词puzzled。6nodded考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“andsaid”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。7a考查不定冠词。inahurry为固定搭配，意为“匆忙”，故用不定冠词。8werefilled考查动词的时态和语态。动词fill和该句主语Myeyes是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。9naturally考查词性转换。空处所填词修饰形容词kind，故用副词naturally。10who考查定语从句的引导词。分析该句结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词herson，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用who。.书面表达假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom想来承德避暑山庄(theChengdeMountainResort)旅游。特写信向你询问该景点的情况。请你根据以下提示，给他写封回信。1位于河北省承德市，清代皇帝曾在此避暑和处理国事(stateaffairs)；2景区有众多宫殿、园林景观及寺庙建筑等，模仿中国不同地区建筑风